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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of RAM in a computer?
What is the primary purpose of RAM in a computer?
What is the role of the Control Unit in a CPU?
What is the role of the Control Unit in a CPU?
What is the purpose of abstraction in computational thinking?
What is the purpose of abstraction in computational thinking?
What is the difference between a bit and a byte?
What is the difference between a bit and a byte?
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What is the purpose of a flowchart in representing an algorithm?
What is the purpose of a flowchart in representing an algorithm?
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What is the purpose of iteration in programming?
What is the purpose of iteration in programming?
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What is the primary purpose of secondary storage?
What is the primary purpose of secondary storage?
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What is the role of the Control Unit in a CPU?
What is the role of the Control Unit in a CPU?
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What is the purpose of data preparation in machine learning?
What is the purpose of data preparation in machine learning?
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What is the difference between a fixed computer and a programmable computer?
What is the difference between a fixed computer and a programmable computer?
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What is the purpose of testing in machine learning?
What is the purpose of testing in machine learning?
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What is the role of the Operating System in managing memory?
What is the role of the Operating System in managing memory?
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Study Notes
Computer Systems
- A computer is a programmable electronic device that can store, process, and communicate information.
- Fixed computers are designed to perform a specific task, while programmable computers can be instructed to perform different tasks.
- Calculators are limited to performing mathematical calculations, whereas computers can perform a wide range of tasks.
Input and Output
- Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc.
- Output devices: monitor, printer, speaker, etc.
RAM vs ROM
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory that temporarily stores data and program instructions while the computer is running.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile memory that permanently stores data and program instructions.
Secondary Storage
- Secondary storage is necessary to store large amounts of data permanently.
- Types of secondary storage: Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid-State Drive (SSD), Flash Drive, etc.
- Technologies used: magnetic, optical, solid-state.
CPU
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer that executes program instructions.
- Parts of a CPU:
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- Busses: connects different components of the CPU.
- Clock: synchronizes the CPU's operations.
- Registers: small amount of memory built into the CPU.
- Control Unit: retrieves and executes program instructions.
Operating System
- Role of the operating system:
- Managing Memory: allocates and deallocates memory for programs.
- Program execution: executes program instructions.
- Managing Input and Output: controls input and output operations.
- Managing User Interface (GUI): provides a graphical interface for users.
- Managing Communication: facilitates communication between devices.
Binary
- Binary is a number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
- Binary conversion: Denary to Binary and Binary to Denary.
- Binary maths: addition and subtraction of binary numbers.
Data Sizes
- Bit: smallest unit of data (0 or 1).
- Nibble: 4 bits.
- Byte: 8 bits.
- Kilobyte (KB): 1024 bytes.
- Megabyte (MB): 1024 KB.
- Gigabyte (GB): 1024 MB.
- Terabyte (TB): 1024 GB.
Computational Thinking
- Abstraction: breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts.
- Decomposition: breaking down problems into smaller, more manageable parts.
- Pattern recognition: identifying patterns and relationships in data.
Algorithms
- Algorithm: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
- Representing algorithms: using flowcharts, pseudocode, and programming languages.
- Flowchart: a diagram that represents the steps of an algorithm.
- Identifying inputs, outputs, and processing in an algorithm.
Python Programming
- Sequence: executing a series of steps in a program.
- Selection: making decisions based on conditions in a program.
- Iterations: repeating a set of steps in a program.
- Variables: storing and using values in a program.
- Assigning and changing the values of variables.
- Selection: using if-else statements.
- Data types: understanding the main data types (integer, float, string, etc.).
- Casting data types: converting data types during input.
Iteration
- Using While loops and For loops in a program.
- Understanding what to include in a loop.
AI
- Rule-based programming: using predefined rules to solve a problem.
- Data-driven programming: using data to train a model to solve a problem.
- Types of AI:
- Machine Learning
- Narrow AI
- General AI
- Types of machine learning:
- Supervised
- Unsupervised
- Reinforcement
- Semi-supervised
AI Lifecycle
- Defining the problem: identifying the problem to be solved.
- Preparing data: collecting and cleaning data.
- Training: training the model using the prepared data.
- Testing: evaluating the model's performance.
- Evaluating the model: measuring the model's accuracy and confidence.
Machine Learning: Data Preparation
- Cleaning data: handling duplicates, missing data, and invalid data.
Machine Learning: Testing
- Testing for bias: identifying biases in the model.
- Measuring accuracy and confidence: evaluating the model's performance.
Decision Trees
- Creating decision trees: a step-by-step process for making decisions.
Breadboards
- Understanding the arrangement and effect of placing connections on bars and rails of a breadboard.
- Identifying correct pin to breadboard numbers using a diagram.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of computer systems, including types of computers, input/output devices, memory, secondary storage, and CPU components.
