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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of grouping electrical states together in a computer?
What is the primary purpose of grouping electrical states together in a computer?
What does a byte represent in the context of computing?
What does a byte represent in the context of computing?
How does the CPU start communicating with users?
How does the CPU start communicating with users?
What represents a single unit of data in computing?
What represents a single unit of data in computing?
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What is a primary purpose of a data warehouse?
What is a primary purpose of a data warehouse?
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Which of the following features differentiates data lakes from data warehouses?
Which of the following features differentiates data lakes from data warehouses?
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What advantage do data warehouses have over traditional relational databases?
What advantage do data warehouses have over traditional relational databases?
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Which of the following statements is true about data warehouses and data lakes?
Which of the following statements is true about data warehouses and data lakes?
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What role does software play in relation to hardware?
What role does software play in relation to hardware?
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How does the CPU translate the instructions entered by the programmer?
How does the CPU translate the instructions entered by the programmer?
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Which component of the computer is responsible for executing the tasks based on software instructions?
Which component of the computer is responsible for executing the tasks based on software instructions?
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How would you describe the relationship between hardware and software based on the content?
How would you describe the relationship between hardware and software based on the content?
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What functions does system software primarily manage?
What functions does system software primarily manage?
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Which statement best describes the role of application software?
Which statement best describes the role of application software?
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In the context of Enterprise Information Systems, why is data considered extremely valuable?
In the context of Enterprise Information Systems, why is data considered extremely valuable?
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What is the first step in the data lifecycle within an organization?
What is the first step in the data lifecycle within an organization?
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Which of the following is an example of passive data reception?
Which of the following is an example of passive data reception?
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What aspect of data processing involves making the data useful for an organization's purposes?
What aspect of data processing involves making the data useful for an organization's purposes?
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What is a common misconception about the value of data in organizations?
What is a common misconception about the value of data in organizations?
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What is the role of a computer's system software in contrast to application software?
What is the role of a computer's system software in contrast to application software?
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Which term best describes the process of cleaning and formatting data for usability?
Which term best describes the process of cleaning and formatting data for usability?
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What does each row in a database table represent?
What does each row in a database table represent?
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Which of the following is NOT a similarity between spreadsheets and relational databases?
Which of the following is NOT a similarity between spreadsheets and relational databases?
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How do organizations typically manage different categories of data in a relational database?
How do organizations typically manage different categories of data in a relational database?
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What type of data might be included in a table called 'customer_data'?
What type of data might be included in a table called 'customer_data'?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of 'records' in a database?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'records' in a database?
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Study Notes
The Functioning of a Computer
- A computer uses electronic signals to process information.
- These signals are represented as binary digits, also known as bits.
- A bit can be either 0 or 1, representing the presence or absence of electrical current.
- Each group of eight bits is known as a byte, forming a basic unit of data.
- Similar to a dictionary, the CPU utilizes a special table, known as a computer dictionary, to interpret the meaning of byte combinations.
- This dictionary is called Unicode, building upon the older ASCII standard.
- Programmers provide instructions to the computer using programming languages.
- These languages translate human-readable commands into machine-understandable electrical impulses, enabling the computer to perform specific tasks.
Components of a Computer System
- The motherboard houses all the essential components of a computer.
- It serves as the main communication hub for data flow within the system.
- The CPU functions as the central processing unit, responsible for executing instructions and managing the flow of data.
- RAM, or Random Access Memory, provides temporary storage for data that is actively being used by the CPU.
- Hard drives (HDDs) store data for long-term access and retrieval.
- GPUs facilitate processing of graphics and visual data, while sound cards handle audio processing.
- The motherboard has integrated circuits connecting various components via roads, leading to highways like network cables, HDMI, and USB.
- These highways facilitate the transfer of information to and from peripherals, connecting with other PCs or the internet.
Software in Enterprise Information Systems (EIS)
- Software, an intangible component, provides a set of instructions to hardware, defining what to do, how to do it, and when to do it.
- It operates as the brain and nervous system for the computer, directing hardware operations.
- System software manages and supports basic computer functions, running in the background.
- Application software directly interacts with users, assisting them in performing specific tasks.
- Software is crucial for transforming raw data into useful information within EIS.
Data: The Lifeblood of Enterprise Information Systems (EIS)
- Data is a collection of facts, figures, and information.
- The value of data lies in its ability to drive business decisions and operations.
- The data lifecycle outlines how data flows through an organization, beginning with data entry and progressing through processing, storage, analysis, and finally, utilization.
- Data entry can be active (e.g., surveys, website analytics) or passive (e.g., customer orders, supplier invoices).
- Data processing involves cleaning, formatting, and combining data to make it useful for the organization.
Relational Databases and Their Structures
- Relational databases use tables to store data, similar to spreadsheets.
- Each row in a table represents a record or instance of interconnected data.
- Each column represents a specific type of information to be stored.
- Data warehouses are designed for analyzing large amounts of data, offering advantages in performance, scalability, data integration, and quality.
- Data lakes, distinct from data warehouses, collect vast amounts of raw, unstructured data from diverse sources.
- AI-based software filters and cleans data lakes, facilitating machine learning and identifying potential patterns.
Comparison of Data Warehouses and Data Lakes
- Data warehouses aim for business intelligence analytics, focusing on strategic decision-making.
- Data lakes are more experimental, allowing AI to learn from vast datasets without predefined goals.
- Both data warehouses and data lakes leverage NoSQL databases for their underlying technology.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of computer systems, including how they process information using electronic signals and binary digits. Learn about key components such as bytes, CPUs, and programming languages that enable communication between humans and machines.