Computer System Architecture Quiz
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What is the main difference between general-purpose microprocessors and microcontrollers?

  • General-purpose microprocessors and microcontrollers are the same thing.
  • General-purpose microprocessors have a CPU on a chip, but no RAM, ROM, or I/O ports, while microcontrollers have a CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timer, ADC, and other peripherals. (correct)
  • General-purpose microprocessors are used for personal computers, while microcontrollers are used for embedded systems.
  • General-purpose microprocessors have a fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports, while microcontrollers offer versatility in terms of the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports.

    • What is the main difference between general-purpose microprocessors and microcontrollers?

  • General-purpose microprocessors are ideal for applications where cost and space are critical, while microcontrollers offer versatility in terms of the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports
  • General-purpose microprocessors consist of a CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports, while microcontrollers must have these components added externally to be functional
  • General-purpose microprocessors have a CPU on a chip, while microcontrollers have a CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timer, ADC, and other peripherals on a single chip (correct)
  • General-purpose microprocessors were invented before microcontrollers

    • What is an embedded system?

  • A system that consists of a CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports.
  • A system that can run multiple applications at the same time.
  • A personal computer that can be used for any number of applications and contains RAM memory and an operating system that loads various applications into RAM and lets the CPU run them.
  • A combination of software and hardware that performs a specific task, using a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only. (correct)

    • What is an embedded system?

    <p>A combination of software and hardware that performs a specific task, using a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of buses that connect the CPU with peripherals and memory?

    <p>Control bus, address bus, and data bus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts that make up the internal organization of computers?

    <p>CPU, I/O devices, and memory (RAM and long-term storage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four steps in the fetch and execute process of a simple microprocessor?

    <p>Fetch instruction, decode instruction, execute instruction, and write (save) result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of buses that connect the CPU with peripherals and memory?

    <p>Control bus, address bus, and data bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four steps involved in the fetch and execute process of a simple microprocessor?

    <p>Fetch instruction, decode instruction, execute instruction, and write (save) result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between multiprocessing and multiprogramming?

    <p>Multiprocessing occurs by means of parallel processing, while multiprogramming occurs by switching from one process to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an interrupt?

    <p>To indicate that an asynchronous event has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pipeline in a processor?

    <p>To allow for multiple steps to be executed simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between multiprocessing and multiprogramming?

    <p>Multiprocessing occurs by means of parallel processing, while multiprogramming occurs by switching from one process to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between multitasking and multithreading?

    <p>Multitasking allows multiple tasks to run simultaneously on one CPU, while multithreading is an execution model that allows a single process to have multiple code segments running concurrently within the context of that process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Control Unit (CU) in a simple microprocessor?

    <p>To execute the decoded instruction using the appropriate components such as ALU, accumulator, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of threads in a process?

    <p>To share memory and allow for multiple code segments to run concurrently within the context of that process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Program Counter (PC) in a simple microprocessor?

    <p>To point to the address of the next instruction to be executed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are interrupts in a computer system?

    <p>Indications that an asynchronous event has occurred, and can be either software or hardware interrupts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a pipelined processor and a non-pipelined processor?

    <p>A pipelined processor allows for multiple steps to be executed simultaneously, while a non-pipelined processor executes instructions one at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between multitasking and multithreading?

    <p>Multitasking allows multiple tasks to run simultaneously on one CPU, while multithreading is an execution model that allows a single process to have multiple code segments running concurrently within the context of that process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a program that utilizes multithreading?

    <p>VLC media player, where one thread is used for opening the player, one for playing a song, and another for adding songs to a playlist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CPU in a computer system?

    <p>To perform arithmetic and logic instructions, point to the address of the next instruction to be executed, and store the address of the instruction under execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an operating system's time management multitasking algorithms?

    <p>To allocate CPU time to different processes and threads in a fair and efficient manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a general-purpose microprocessor and an embedded system?

    <p>General-purpose microprocessors are versatile and do not have RAM, ROM, or I/O ports, while embedded systems are designed to perform a specific task and use a microprocessor or microcontroller to do only that task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computer System Architecture

    • The course covers topics such as pipelining, processes and threads, multitasking, and multi-processing.

    • General-purpose microprocessors must have RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers added externally to be functional, but they offer versatility in terms of the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports.

    • General-purpose microprocessors consist of a CPU on a chip, but no RAM, ROM, or I/O ports. Intel 4004 was the first microprocessor.

    • Microcontrollers are ideal for applications where cost and space are critical, as they have a fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports.

    • Microcontrollers consist of a CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timer, ADC, and other peripherals. Intel 8048 was the first microcontroller.

    • An embedded system is a combination of software and hardware that performs a specific task, using a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only.

    • Unlike an embedded system, a personal computer can be used for any number of applications and contains RAM memory and an operating system that loads various applications into RAM and lets the CPU run them.

    • The internal organization of computers can be divided into three parts: the CPU, I/O devices, and memory (RAM and long-term storage).

    • The CPU connects with peripherals and memory via buses (system bus), which consist of three types: control bus, address bus, and data bus.

    • The CPU consists of a control unit and instruction decoder, an arithmetic/logic unit, and registers to synchronize and control the overall operation of the microprocessor system.

    • The CPU performs arithmetic and logic instructions, points to the address of the next instruction to be executed, and stores the address of the instruction under execution.

    • The CPU fetches machine language instructions and executes them through the fetch and execute process, which takes four steps: fetch instruction, decode instruction, execute instruction, and write (save) result.Execution of Instructions in a Simple Microprocessor

    • The simple microprocessor consists of various components such as memory, electronic clock, ALU, accumulator, control unit, etc.

    • The instructions are stored in memory and fetched one by one for execution.

    • The address of the next instruction is placed in the Memory Address Register (MAR) while the instruction is being fetched.

    • The fetched instruction is loaded into the Memory Data Register (MDR).

    • The instruction is then loaded into the Control Instruction Register (CIR) and decoded.

    • The Program Counter (PC) is incremented to point to the next instruction.

    • The Control Unit (CU) executes the decoded instruction using the appropriate components such as ALU, accumulator, etc.

    • The result of the instruction execution is then stored in the accumulator.

    • The address of the next instruction is loaded into the MAR, and the process is repeated.

    • The instructions are executed one at a time, in a non-pipelined manner.

    • The execution time for each instruction is equal to the sum of the time required to fetch, decode, and execute the instruction.

    • In a pipelined architecture, multiple instructions are executed simultaneously, with different stages of the pipeline executing different instructions.Computer Science Concepts

    • Pipelined processor allows for multiple steps to be executed simultaneously, with each part being a pipelined stage

    • The number of simultaneous stages that can be completed at once is known as the pipeline depth

    • Processes are executable programs and associated data loaded and running in memory

    • Processes may exist in multiple states, including new, ready, running, waiting, and terminate

    • Threads are subsets of a process and are able to share memory, with each thread having its own instruction pointer, set of registers, and stack memory

    • Interrupts indicate that an asynchronous event has occurred, and can be either software or hardware interrupts

    • Multiprogramming allows a computer to run more than one program at a time

    • Multiprocessing occurs by means of parallel processing, while multiprogramming occurs by switching from one process to another

    • Multitasking allows multiple tasks to run simultaneously on one CPU, while pipelining is an example of multitasking

    • Multithreading is an execution model that allows a single process to have multiple code segments running concurrently within the context of that process

    • Operating systems make use of complex time management multitasking algorithms

    • Examples of programs that utilize multithreading include VLC media player, where one thread is used for opening the player, one for playing a song, and another for adding songs to a playlist.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of computer system architecture with this quiz! Learn about the components of general-purpose microprocessors and microcontrollers, the differences between embedded systems and personal computers, and the organization of computers. Discover how instructions are executed in a simple microprocessor and how pipelining allows for multiple steps to be executed simultaneously. Brush up on your understanding of processes, threads, interrupts, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, and operating systems. Take this quiz to see how much you

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