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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of a virus in the context of malware?
Which type of malware is designed to trick users into installing it by appearing harmless?
What does spoofing of user identity entail?
What distinguishes a worm from other types of malware?
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Which scenario best illustrates repudiation?
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How does a logic bomb operate within a program?
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What does tampering refer to?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of indirect attacks?
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What is unique about a trapdoor in the context of malware?
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What type of activities are classified as computer crimes?
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What is one of the top tips for cyber crime prevention?
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What is the best practice for password creation?
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How can you secure your mobile device?
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Which principle ensures only authorized individuals can access specific resources?
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What is the primary purpose of the principle of availability?
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What is the primary goal of computer security?
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Which principle guarantees that a person cannot deny their actions regarding a transaction?
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Which of the following best describes a vulnerability?
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What is a backdoor in the context of computer security?
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How can users protect themselves from identity theft online?
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What does the principle of integrity ensure during data transmission?
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Which statement accurately describes a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack?
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What distinguishes a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack from a DoS attack?
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Which approach incorporates multiple security layers to protect against attacks?
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What is a key method for preventing unauthorized access to Wi-Fi networks?
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What is the main characteristic of passive eavesdropping?
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What is the significance of the principle of confidentiality?
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How does active eavesdropping differ from passive eavesdropping?
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Which of the following actions is NOT typically associated with defensive computer security practices?
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Study Notes
Computer Security
- Protects computer systems and networks from various threats such as theft, damage, unauthorized access, and cyberattacks.
- Focuses on various security practices including physical protection, firewalls, encryption, and secure authentication mechanisms.
Key Concepts in Computer and Network Security
- Vulnerability: A weakness in a system that can be exploited by attackers to compromise information assurance.
- Backdoors: Hidden methods in software or hardware that bypass security controls, allowing unauthorized access.
Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack
- Aims to make a website or service unavailable by overwhelming it with excessive traffic or malicious requests.
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Two Types:
- DoS Attack: A single source floods the target with requests, consuming its resources and preventing normal operations.
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: Launched from multiple sources, often using a compromised network of devices.
Direct-Access Attacks
- Involves gaining physical access to the target system to manipulate or tamper with hardware or software, extract data, install malicious programs, or compromise security.
Eavesdropping
- An attacker secretly listens to private communications or intercepts data being transmitted between parties.
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Two Types:
- Passive Eavesdropping: Silently monitoring and capturing data without interfering with the communication process.
- Active Eavesdropping: Interfering with the communication process to gain unauthorized access to information.
Spoofing
- An attacker falsely impersonates a legitimate user or program by falsifying data to gain an illegitimate advantage.
Tampering
- Involves intentionally modifying products to render them harmful or unsafe for consumers.
Repudiation
- An individual or entity challenges the authenticity of a signature, denying involvement in a transaction or action.
Information Disclosure
- Sensitive information considered secure is released into an untrusted environment, leading to a privacy breach or data leak.
Indirect Attacks
- An attacker exploits vulnerabilities through a third party or intermediary without directly targeting the victim.
- These attacks often rely on social engineering, misconfigured systems, or vulnerabilities in external components to achieve their goals.
Computer Crime
- Any illegal activity involving a computer, network, or internet-enabled device.
- Covers criminal activities against individuals, organizations, or government entities, leveraging technology to carry out unlawful actions.
Top 10 Cyber Crime Prevention Tips
- Use Strong Passwords: Complex and unique passwords with letters, numbers, and special characters.
- Secure your computer: Implement security measures to protect against unauthorized access and malware
- Be Social-Media Savvy: Understand risks of sharing personal information on social media platforms and manage privacy settings.
- Secure Your Mobile Devices: Protect smartphones and tablets from unauthorized access and malware.
- Install the Latest Operating System Updates: Keep software up-to-date to benefit from the latest security patches and features.
- Protect Your Data: Implement measures to safeguard sensitive data against unauthorized access and loss.
- Secure Your Wireless Network: Configure Wi-Fi networks to prevent unauthorized access and ensure secure communication.
- Protect your e-identity: Safeguard personal information shared online to prevent identity theft.
- Avoid Being Scammed: Be vigilant against phishing attacks and scams designed to deceive users into revealing personal information.
Confidentiality
- Protects the content of a message, ensuring only the sender and intended recipient can access it.
- Access Control Lists: Used to implement and manage access control.
Integrity
- Ensures data remains unchanged during transmission, guaranteeing the recipient receives the same information as the sender intended.
Availability
- Ensures systems and data are accessible to authorized users whenever needed. Prevents downtime or delays in access due to system failures or attacks.
Authentication
- Verifies the identity of a user or entity attempting to access resources, confirming their identity before granting access privileges.
Access Control
- Restricts and manages who can view, modify, or use resources based on permissions or roles.
Defense in Depth
- Emphasize multiple security layers to protect the system from breaches. If one layer is compromised, other layers remain in place to protect the system.
Non-repudiation
- prevents individuals or systems from denying actions or the receipt of messages, providing proof of their involvement in a transaction or action.
Malware
- A general term for malicious code or rogue programs that cause unintended or undesired effects in programs or program parts.
- These effects are intentionally caused by agents aiming to inflict damage.
Kinds of Malicious Code
- Virus: A type of malicious software that attaches itself to a legitimate program or file and spreads to other files or programs.
- Transient: Viruses that only exist in memory when the host program is running.
- Resident: Viruses that install themselves in the hard drive and load into memory when the computer starts.
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Trojan Horse: Malicious software disguised as a legitimate or harmless program to trick users into downloading and installing it.
- Trojans do not replicate themselves.
- Logic Bomb: Malicious code intentionally embedded in a legitimate program that remains dormant until a specific condition or trigger occurs.
- Trapdoor: A hidden feature in a program that allows unauthorized access, bypassing normal security measures.
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Worm: A type of malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers and networks without needing to attach to a host program.
- Worms spread rapidly and autonomously across networks.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in computer and network security, including vulnerabilities, backdoors, and Denial-of-Service attacks. Test your knowledge on the methods used to protect systems from unauthorized access and cyber threats.
