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Questions and Answers
What is one example of IoT security and privacy issues mentioned in the content?
Insecure Data Transfer and Storage
Which of the following is a potential consequence of 'Insufficient Privacy Protection' in IoT?
True or False: Lack of Device Management includes secure decommissioning of devices.
True
Match the IoT security challenge with its description:
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What is IoT short for?
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What do IoT devices share the sensor data they collect to?
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IoT devices are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and have the ability to transfer data over a network with human-to-human interaction.
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IoT security is concerned with safeguarding connected devices and networks in the Internet of ______.
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Match the IoT security measure with its description:
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Study Notes
What is IoT (Internet of Things)?
- IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity, allowing them to collect and exchange data.
- IoT devices are connected to the internet, transmit data, and can be controlled remotely.
How IoT Works
- IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems such as processors, sensors, and communication hardware to collect, send, and act on data.
- IoT devices share sensor data with IoT gateways or other edge devices, which can be sent to the cloud for analysis or analyzed locally.
- Connectivity, networking, and communication protocols vary depending on the specific IoT application deployed.
IoT Ecosystem and Components
- Endpoint devices:
- Smart appliances (e.g., air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, TVs)
- Smartphones (e.g., iPhones, Androids)
- Smart "things" (e.g., smart watches, lights, medical implants)
- Communications:
- WiFi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, N RFID, BLE, LoRaWAN, MQTT/SIP/CoAP
- Cloud platform, backend, and services:
- Data and storage
- Web-based services (e.g., Amazon Web Services - AWS IoT)
- Device management (configuration, settings, maintenance, updates)
IoT Applications and Benefits
- Consumer segment:
- Smart homes, smart thermostats, smart appliances, and connected heating, lighting, and electronic devices can be controlled remotely.
- Wearable devices:
- Sensors and software can collect and analyze user data.
- Healthcare IoT:
- Monitoring patients more closely.
- Smart buildings:
- Reducing energy costs using sensors and adjusting temperature automatically.
- Agriculture:
- IoT-based smart farming systems monitoring light, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture.
IoT Security and Privacy Issues
- IoT security refers to the technology area concerned with safeguarding connected devices and networks in the IoT.
- Example of IoT BotNet Attack:
- 2016 Mirai botnet attack infiltrated domain name server provider Dyn, taking down many websites.
- DDoS attack was staged and launched from IoT devices using Mirai malware.
Case Study: Dyn Botnet DDoS Attack
- DDoS attack on October 2016 targeted DNS provider Dyn using Mirai malware.
- Mirai malware:
- Finds and infects IoT devices to grow the botnet.
- Participates in DDoS attacks based on commands received from remote Command and Control (C&C) infrastructure.
- Mirai operates in three stages:
- Infect the device.
- Protect itself.
- Launch attack.
IoT Security Challenges
- Implementing security measures is critical to ensuring the safety of networks with IoT devices connected to them.
- Main challenges:
- Default passwords.
- Resource-constrained devices.
- Lack of industry-accepted standards.
- Convergence of IT and operational technology (OT).
- Rise of botnets.
- More IoT devices.
- Lack of encryption.
- Outdated legacy security.
IoT Security Measures
- Incorporating security at the design phase.
- Public key infrastructure (PKI) and 509 digital certificates.
- API security.
- Identity management.
- Hardware security.
- Strong encryption.
- Network security.
- Network access control.
- Security gateways.
- Patch management/continuous software updates.
- Integrating teams.
- Consumer education.
IoT Attack Tools
- Shodan.io:
- A search engine for IoT devices that can discover devices connected to the internet, their location, and who is using them.
- IP Angry:
- A freely available IP address and port scanner known for its ease of use, simplicity, and speed.
IoT Security Architecture
- AIOTI High level Architecture functional model.
- FP7-ICT IoT Architecture reference model.
- NIST Network of Things.
- ITU-T IoT Reference Model.
- ISO/IEC CD 30141 Internet of Things Reference Architecture.
- ISACA Conceptual IoT Architecture.
- oneM2M Architecture Model.
- IEEE P2413 – Standard for an Architectural Framework.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of internet of things (IoT), its ecosystem, applications, and security issues. It also explores cloud and IoT security measures, challenges, and tools.
