Computer Science Quiz on Programming and Networking

IoT System

• An IoT system connects sensors/devices to the cloud.
• Cloud software processes the data and might trigger actions, like alerts.
• Actions might adjust sensors/devices without user input.

Turing Machine

• A mathematical model with an infinite tape.
• Divided into cells, receiving input.
• A head reads input and the state register keeps track of the machine's state.
• Input symbol replacement leads to internal state changes.
• Head moves rightward or leftward.

Industrial Engineering

• Empowering industrial engineering with sensors, software, and big data analytics.
• Creating advanced machines.

Control Bus

• Carries control signals and commands from the CPU.
• Coordinates computer activities.

Buses

• Transmit data between computer components.
• Connect major internal components to the CPU.

Internet of Things (IoT)

• A system of interconnected computing devices.
• Network of interrelated devices.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

• Computer's main memory.
• Fast and directly accessible by the CPU.
• Data is lost when the computer is turned off.

Computer Models

• Von Neumann Model— architecture with separate memory and processing units.

Smart Grids

• Collect data automatically to manage electricity.
• Analyze consumer and supplier behaviors, enhancing efficiency.
• Detect power outages quickly.
• Enable distributed energy systems, using local solar panels.

Computer Devices

• Tablets, laptops, and wearable devices are daily computing devices.
• Oscilloscopes are not daily computing devices.

IoT Devices

• Amazon Echo, Google Home, and Nest Smoke alarms are IoT devices.

Connected Car

• Optimizes operation, maintenance, and passenger comfort.
• Uses onboard sensors and internet connectivity.

Smart Home

• Costliest home expense.
• Products save time, energy, and money.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

• Performs arithmetic and logical operations (add, subtract, AND, OR, NOT).

IoT Components

• A complete IoT system integrates five distinct components.

Technology for Level Playing Field

• Technology improves access to public services, such as digital payments.

Data Collection in IoT

• Sensors/devices first collect data from their environment.

Powerful IoT Applications

• Smart cities improve surveillance, transportation, energy management, water distribution, security, and environmental monitoring.

Data Transmission Methods

• Cell towers use wireless technology and fiber optic cables.

Command Prompt

• ipconfig command displays the device's IP address.

Data Conversion

• Encryption converts data into a form only accessible to authorized systems.

Call Request

• A call request first arrives at the caller's home MSC.

Mobile Phone Generations

• First-generation mobile phones used the FDMA technique.

Data Transmission Speed

• The second generation of mobile phones introduced SMS and internet browsing at 9.6 Kbps.

Mobile Transmission Technology

• The fourth generation of mobile phones uses OFDMA and MIMO.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

• Checks for errors in data packets, making it simple.

Socket

• The unique combination of IP address and port number.

Network Topology

• The layout of devices in a network (Bus, Star, Mesh, Ring, Daisy chain).

SIM Card Registration

• SIM card information registration in a specified MSC (mobile switching center).

Proxy Server

• Using a proxy server may slow down network performance.

Packet Filtering

• Examines data packets based on user-defined rules.

Home MSC

• Your home MSC identifies your current MSC area.

MAC Address

• A logical address of a system across the network.

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

• Devices connect through pre-configured routers and can communicate with other LAN networks, enabling scalable networks.

Microphone's Role

• MEMS sensors and ICs convert voice to digital signals.

Cellular Technology

• Hexagonal cells in cellular technology minimize signal interference and overlapping coverage areas.

MAC Address Definition

• A unique identifier associated with a network interface card (NIC).

Hard Disk Storage

• Hard disks are considered non-volatile storage.

Domain Name System (DNS)

• Translates web addresses (URLs) into IP addresses.

Processor Generation

• The designation "i9-12900K" indicates the processor's 12th generation.

Petabytes

• 1 petabyte equals 1 quadrillion bytes.

Types of Bluetooth

• Two types of existing Bluetooth technology (high-speed, low-energy).

RAM Installation

• RAM is installed via double data rate (DDR) memory modules.

RAM Data Loss

• Data in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.

SSD Speed

• NVMe SSDs are faster than SATA SSDs.

SSD Storage

• SSDs use flash memory, instead of spinning disks.

CPU Speed Measurement

• CPU speed is measured in Hertz.

Data Packet Delivery

• Hubs quickly copy and send data packets to connected devices.

Operating System (OS) Function

• The operating system manages computer components and tasks.

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

• Manages basic computer inputs and outputs.

Programming Algorithm Characteristics

• Algorithms generally have clear and unambiguous steps, well-defined inputs, well-defined outputs, and step-by-step instructions independent of any programming code.

Data Structure Definition

• Data structures are groups of data elements organized efficiently for computer use.

Data Structure Examples

• Examples of data structures include arrays, queues, linked lists, and trees.

Flowchart Benefits

• Flowcharts streamline logic, improve analysis, enhance communication, and are valuable for coding and documentation.

Flowchart Application

• An example flowchart demonstrates finding the smallest number among three inputs (A, B, C).

Data Structures

• Multilevel data structures, such as trees, have hierarchical relationships.

Stacks

• Stacks follow LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) principle.

Flowcharts

• Flowcharts are graphical representations of algorithms.

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

• TPS handles daily transactions in an organization.

Executive Support System (ESS)

• Provides high-level data to senior managers for strategic decision-making.

Management Information System (MIS)

• Serve middle managers with monitoring, control, and decision-making, and administrative activities.

Operational-Level Systems

• Handle daily tasks, transactions, and administrative activities for middle managers.

Strategic-Level Systems

• Help senior managers make strategic decisions based on long-term trends.

Business Challenges

• Systems integration for large organizations with thousands of applications serving different needs.

System Evaluation Tasks

• Answering questions like which vessel maximizes profits, optimal loading patterns, and total sales.

TPS Advantages

• TPS failure can have a dire impact on a business.

Single System Integration

• A single system cannot handle all information needs of an entire organization.

Data in ESS

• ESS incorporate external data such as new laws, competitors' actions alongside summarized internal data.

Relational Databases

• The relational database is one of the most used database models.