Computer Science Quiz: Hardware and Software
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an accelerometer in smartphones and tablets?

  • To detect the device's orientation and movement (correct)
  • To increase processing speed for applications
  • To enhance the device's camera quality
  • To improve battery life by optimizing settings

    • Which of the following best describes biometric identification?

  • Implementing two-factor authentication methods
  • Scanning biologically unique features for identification (correct)
  • Using password-based security systems
  • Tracking user activity through software

    • What is the purpose of backup in data management?

  • To permanently delete unwanted files
  • To compress files to save space
  • To create duplicates of files for retrieval in case of loss or damage (correct)
  • To optimize the performance of the computer

    • What defines the aspect ratio of a display?

    <p>The relationship between the width and height of the display</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cache memory in a computer?

    <p>It holds frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes what beta software is?

    <p>A preliminary version released for public testing to identify bugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of printer is capable of creating physical three-dimensional objects from digital designs?

    <p>3D printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is access control used in operating systems?

    <p>To authorize software installations and protect against malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym RFID stand for?

    <p>Radio Frequency Identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A service pack is intended to provide which of the following?

    <p>A collection of previous software updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Safe Mode?

    <p>To fix various software problems by loading only essential programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a single-user licence?

    <p>Installation is restricted to one computer only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spooling refer to in the context of printing?

    <p>Sending print tasks to disk until the printer is ready</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the quality of an image in a digital camera affected by sensor size?

    <p>Larger sensors typically yield better quality images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes SSDs from traditional hard drives?

    <p>SSDs use flash memory for faster data access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of software is typically categorized as utility programs?

    <p>Software intended to perform maintenance tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a USB port?

    <p>To connect devices such as printers and keyboards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about subscription-based software?

    <p>Renewals are typically made yearly or monthly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'resolution' in printing refer to?

    <p>The number of dots created along a horizontal line in inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of licence allows for multiple installations within an organization?

    <p>Site licence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'soft copy' refer to?

    <p>Digital files stored on a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a dongle in computing?

    <p>To enable wireless connectivity for devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the concept of defragmentation?

    <p>Rearranging fragmented files to enhance retrieval speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes a DSLR camera from other types of cameras?

    <p>It allows for more control over technical settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'default printer' refer to?

    <p>The printer selected to send print jobs unless changed by the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Disk Cleanup utility?

    <p>To free up storage by deleting unnecessary files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a free software?

    <p>It can be modified without restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term cloud storage refer to?

    <p>Online storage of files accessible via the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a high contrast ratio beneficial for a display device?

    <p>It enhances the visibility of colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dual-core processor imply?

    <p>It has two physical CPUs on one chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute of a file indicates it cannot be modified?

    <p>Read-only attribute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an End User License Agreement (EULA)?

    <p>To explain restrictions on software usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in fragmentation of files on a disk?

    <p>Regularly saving files to disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a graphics processing unit (GPU)?

    <p>To improve performance for graphics and video processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a file extension?

    <p>To determine the type of file and its associated applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory does not retain its contents when power is turned off?

    <p>Volatile memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the purpose of a firewall?

    <p>Acts as a barrier between the computer and the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does optical zoom differ from digital zoom?

    <p>Uses lenses to magnify images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym CAPTCHA stand for?

    <p>Computerized Automatic Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of virtual assistants?

    <p>To allow users to communicate naturally with their devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology allows a computer to operate as if it has more RAM than is physically present?

    <p>Virtual memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Bandwidth' in networking?

    <p>The total amount of data that can be transferred over a network in a given time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'BYOD' stand for in a workplace context?

    <p>Bring Your Own Device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ADSL technology?

    <p>To deliver permanent digital internet connections using telephone lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cable uses light to transmit data and offers high speed?

    <p>Fibre cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of a webcam?

    <p>For video conferencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the concept of grid computing?

    <p>Distributed processing across multiple computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'caching' refer to in web technology?

    <p>Storing frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bookmarks in a web browser?

    <p>To store shortcuts to frequently visited pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a memory card?

    <p>To provide electronic storage for digital cameras and smartphones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Optical Character Recognition (OCR)?

    <p>It converts text images into editable text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a laser printer from an inkjet printer?

    <p>Laser printers work by using toner instead of ink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a multi-user operating system function?

    <p>It enables multiple users to access the same operating system simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of open source software (OSS)?

    <p>It may be freely used, modified, and distributed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes the role of the motherboard in a computer?

    <p>It connects all the internal components to enable communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'plug-and-play' refer to?

    <p>A technology that allows automatic detection and configuration of devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of pixel density in displays?

    <p>It indicates the number of pixels per inch in the display.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a multi-function printer?

    <p>A device that can print, scan, photocopy, and fax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of metadata in digital files?

    <p>To provide additional context about the file's content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'ppm' relevant to printers?

    <p>It represents the pages a printer can print in one minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these devices would typically use a Micro-USB port?

    <p>Smartphones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'refresh rate' describe in display technology?

    <p>The frequency at which the display updates the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functionality does a pointing stick offer in laptops?

    <p>It serves as an alternative to a mouse for cursor control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network connects computers in a limited area, such as a university campus?

    <p>LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies allows devices to connect and exchange data by being close to each other?

    <p>NFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ISP?

    <p>To sell internet access and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following allows real-time messaging, including text and video?

    <p>Instant Messaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a secure URL?

    <p>It starts with https://</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a mailing list?

    <p>To group multiple email addresses under one name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a router do in a network?

    <p>Connects devices wirelessly to the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an IP address?

    <p>A numerical address identifying a device on a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a podcast?

    <p>An audio file available for download or purchase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does throttling mean in the context of internet service?

    <p>Slowing down the internet connection based on usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a switch do in a LAN?

    <p>Connects computers using cables for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a URL shortener?

    <p>To create a shorter version of a URL for easier sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of tabbed browsing?

    <p>Browsing multiple pages within a single window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes social networking sites?

    <p>Sites for individuals to share personal updates and interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a computer that relies on a server for resources?

    <p>Thin Client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable?

    <p>It is the most common cable type for LAN connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a video blog (vlog)?

    <p>A form of blog that uses video as its primary medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes software that allows telephone calls over the Internet?

    <p>VoIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method used by cybercriminals to steal sensitive information via email?

    <p>Phishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a computer worm?

    <p>To replicate and spread across networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'Big Data'?

    <p>Large data sets analyzed for trends and patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'digital divide' refer to?

    <p>The disparity in technology access and knowledge in developing regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a card skimmer?

    <p>To read the magnetic data on bank cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner does augmented reality differ from virtual reality?

    <p>Augmented reality enhances the real world rather than replacing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Denial of Service (DoS) attack?

    <p>It floods a server with excessive requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cyber-bullying?

    <p>To spread rumors and harass individuals digitally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology allows collaborative editing on a website, like Wikipedia?

    <p>Wiki</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes web-based email from traditional email services?

    <p>Web-based email is accessible through a web browser from any location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a keylogger primarily designed to do?

    <p>Record keystrokes and possibly track mouse movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software is specifically designed to disrupt or damage systems?

    <p>Malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term pharming refer to?

    <p>Automatically redirecting users to fake websites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes phishing?

    <p>Tricking individuals into revealing confidential information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of ransomware?

    <p>To encrypt data until a ransom is paid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of quarantining a virus?

    <p>Preventing the virus from further infecting the computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a repetitive strain injury (RSI)?

    <p>Pain or damage resulting from repetitive actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social engineering in the context of information security?

    <p>Deceiving individuals to gain confidential information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does software piracy entail?

    <p>Illegally copying and distributing software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the subset of people analyzed in a survey?

    <p>Sample group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an absolute cell reference in Excel indicated?

    <p>By adding a dollar sign before the column letter or row number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a combo chart in Excel?

    <p>A chart representing data in multiple formats in one chart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a CSV file?

    <p>A format using commas to separate values for data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SMiShing refer to?

    <p>Phishing attempts through SMS messages on smartphones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data validation in a spreadsheet or database?

    <p>To ensure that only valid data is entered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a footnote from an endnote in a document?

    <p>Footnotes are positioned at the bottom of each page</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character is commonly used as a delimiter in a CSV file?

    <p>Comma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a legend in an Excel chart?

    <p>To describe the data series and their colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature in Excel would you use to display only specific rows of data?

    <p>Filtering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a primary key in a database?

    <p>To uniquely identify each record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a hard space function in a word processing document?

    <p>It prevents word wrapping between characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a 'stacked chart' in Excel?

    <p>Data series are placed one on top of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an input mask enforce in Access?

    <p>Input of data in a specific format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gridlines in an Excel worksheet?

    <p>They separate individual cells from each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a date picker in Access?

    <p>To select a date from a calendar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes 'markers' on an Excel line chart?

    <p>They indicate the actual data points in the chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a template in the context of document creation?

    <p>A pre-designed document layout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a section break allow in a word processing document?

    <p>It allows different formatting in each section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    3D Printer

    • A 3D printer creates physical 3D objects from computer designs.
    • CAD or 3D modeling software is used for the designs.

    Accelerometer

    • An input device in smartphones and tablets.
    • Detects device orientation and movement.
    • Allows screen orientation adjustments based on how the device is held.

    Access Control

    • Operating system verifies permission before installing software.
    • Aims to prevent malware installation without user knowledge.

    Algorithm

    • A step-by-step solution for problem-solving (in programming).

    Application Software

    • Programs performing specific user tasks (e.g., word processors).

    Archiving (Files)

    • Creating file copies for reference, not regular use.

    Aspect Ratio

    • The width-to-height relationship of a display (e.g., 16:9).

    Backup

    • Making copies of files to prevent loss or damage.

    Beta Software

    • Preliminary versions of software released for public testing.
    • Developers fix reported errors before release.

    Biometric Identification

    • Using unique biological measures (e.g., fingerprints, iris scans) for identification.

    Bluetooth

    • A short-range wireless technology connecting devices (e.g., mice, printers, smartphones).

    Blu-ray

    • An optical disc format for high-definition video and large data storage.

    Boot

    • The computer's startup process.
    • Restarting a computer is rebooting.

    Bug (Software)

    • An accidental mistake in software code (not a virus).

    Byte

    • The space occupied by a single character (e.g., '4', 'A', '%').

    Cache Memory

    • High-speed memory for frequently accessed data, for faster retrieval.

    Card Reader

    • A device for inserting memory cards to transfer data.

    Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

    • Painful nerve compression in the wrist caused by repetitive actions (e.g., typing).

    Clipboard

    • Temporary memory area for copied/moved text and graphics.
    • Retained until pasted or program closes.

    Cloud Computing

    • Sharing and using resources/applications as services over the internet.

    Cloud Storage

    • Online storage of files accessible from anywhere with internet access.

    Color Depth

    • Number of bits to represent each pixel's color in an image.

    Contrast Ratio

    • Relationship between the darkest black and brightest white on a display.
    • Higher values are better.

    Convergence

    • Combining separate technologies/functions into a single device (e.g., smartphones combining phone and tablet functions).

    Core

    • A single physical processor.
    • "Dual Core" has two processors, "Quad Core" has four, etc.

    CPU (Central Processing Unit)

    • The hardware component that processes data and executes instructions.

    Dedicated Device

    • Devices designed for a single specific task (e.g., ATMs, GPS, microwaves).

    Default Printer

    • The printer that a print job is sent to unless otherwise specified.

    Defragmentation

    • Rearranging and consolidating fragmented files on disk for faster retrieval.

    DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)

    • A standardized RAM "stick" fitting into DIMM slots on the motherboard.

    Disk Cleanup

    • Utility to remove unnecessary files to free up storage space.

    Disk Scanner

    • Utility to check for and fix errors/bad sectors on a drive.

    Dongle

    • A device plugged into a USB port to enable wireless connections (e.g., keyboard, mouse, 3G/4G).

    Downward/Backward Compatibility

    • Software ability to open and use files from previous versions.

    Driver

    • Software enabling a computer to communicate with hardware/devices.
    • Typically installed automatically by the operating system.

    DSLR Camera

    • A type of digital camera for professional use offering lens changes and technical controls.

    Entry-Level Computer

    • The least expensive computer in its category (e.g., desktop PC), with lower specifications.

    Ergonomics

    • Studying and designing the workplace and equipment for worker comfort and safety.

    EULA (End User License Agreement)

    • A legally binding contract between a user and a software company detailing usage rules.

    File Attribute

    • Properties assigned to files (e.g., Hidden, Read-Only).

    File Extension

    • Characters (usually 3-5) identifying a file type (e.g., .docx is a Word file).

    File Property

    • Basic information about a file (e.g., name, size, modification date).

    Formatting (a disk)

    • Preparing a disk for data storage, erasing existing data.

    Fragmentation

    • Files becoming scattered on a disk over time, leading to slower performance.

    Freeware

    • Fully functional software usable and copyable without restrictions.

    Geo-tagging

    • Storing a photo's location (latitude/longitude) in the file metadata.

    GHz (Gigahertz)

    • The unit for measuring CPU speed.
    • Higher is better.

    GPS Device

    • Calculates location (latitude/longitude) on Earth using signals from GPS satellites.

    GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

    • The chip on a video card that improves performance for certain software (e.g., CAD, gaming).

    Hard Copy

    • Printed output (vs. soft copy, displayed on a screen).

    HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

    • Interface transmitting high-definition video and sound via a single cable.
    • Digital signals for better quality.

    Hidden (Attribute)

    • File attribute making a file invisible in file listings.

    Hybrid Computer

    • A laptop/tablet with a reversible/detachable touch screen and keyboard.

    Inkjet Printer

    • A relatively inexpensive printer that sprays ink dots.
    • Suitable for high-quality graphics (e.g., photos).

    ISO Rating (Digital Camera)

    • Measures a camera's sensitivity to light, higher values being better.

    Laser Printer

    • A relatively expensive, but cost-effective, printer using toner, suitable for high-volume printing.

    Linux

    • An open-source operating system.

    Lumen (Data Projector)

    • Measures the brightness of a data projector's image.
    • Higher lumen ratings are better.

    Memory (RAM)

    • Temporary storage for programs and data during computer processing.
    • Data lost when power is turned off.

    Memory Card

    • Electronic storage media used in digital cameras and smartphones.

    Metadata

    • Additional data describing a file (e.g., author, title).

    Micro-USB

    • A smaller type of USB port, often found on mobile devices.

    Mobile User

    • Users who need technology readily available for tasks (e.g., salespeople, consultants).

    Motherboard

    • A large board containing circuitry for connecting the CPU, RAM, storage, and peripherals.
    • Allows communication between computer components.

    Multi-function Printer

    • A device combining printing, scanning, copying, and faxing capabilities.

    Multitasking

    • The operating system's ability to run multiple tasks/processes concurrently.

    Multi-touch (Touch Screen)

    • Touch screens allowing two or more fingers to be detected simultaneously.

    Multi-user Operating System

    • An operating system that allows multiple users to access the computer concurrently (in a network).

    OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

    • Converts scanned text images into editable text.

    Online Storage

    • Disk space allocated to a user online accessible from anywhere with internet access.

    Open Source Software (OSS)

    • Software freely used, modified, and distributed but not sold.

    Operating System

    • Software controlling all computer activities (e.g., Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS, Android).

    Patch (Software)

    • Downloadable updates fixing bugs or vulnerabilities in existing software.

    Path

    • A series of folders leading to a specific file.

    PDF (Portable Document Format)

    • A file format for distributing documents, readable with a PDF reader.

    Pen Input

    • Using a pen/stylus with a pressure-sensitive digitizing tablet.

    Phablet

    • A smartphone with a larger screen (between a phone and tablet).

    Pixel Density (DPI)

    • Number of pixels per horizontal inch on a display, higher values are better.

    Plain Text File

    • Simple text files (without formatting) with a .txt extension.

    Platform

    • A type of operating system (e.g., Linux, Android, Windows).

    Plug-and-Play

    • Technology enabling the computer to automatically detect and configure connected devices quickly.

    Pointing Stick

    • A laptop input device acting as an alternative to a mouse.

    POS (Point of Sale) System

    • System used to speed up sales transactions.

    Power User

    • Users with specialized computing needs and using advanced software features.

    PPM (Pages per Minute)

    • Printer speed, measured in pages printed per minute.

    Printer Queue

    • Temporary storage for print jobs until the printer is ready.

    Program Files

    • Files that run applications (not data files), usually with a .com or .exe extension.

    Proprietary Software

    • Licensed software to be used under specified conditions (no modifications or distribution).

    QR Code

    • A two-dimensional barcode storing more data than standard barcodes.

    Read-only

    • A file attribute preventing modification of a file.

    Refresh Rate

    • Frequency of screen display refresh.
    • Higher values are better.

    Resolution (Display)

    • The maximum number of pixels a display supports (horizontal x vertical).

    Resolution (Scanner)

    • The number of dots scanned per inch (DPI), indicating image clarity.

    Resolution (Digital Camera)

    • The total number of pixels making up an image, indicating the total image quality.

    Resolution (Printer)

    • Number of dots a printer creates per horizontal inch (DPI), indicating the quality of print output.

    RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

    • Uses small radio devices to store and transmit data (e.g., payment processing).

    Rich Text Format

    • A file format allowing many font/text and image formatting styles.

    ROM (Read-Only Memory)

    • A special chip holding instructions needed to start a computer.

    RPM (Revolutions per Minute)

    • Unit measuring a hard drive's rotational speed.

    Safe Mode

    • A computer startup mode for troubleshooting software problems.
    • Loads only essential system programs.

    SATA

    • The internal hard drive interface connection type.

    Scanner

    • Input device that scans images into a computer (text, graphics, barcodes, QR codes).

    Scheduler

    • A program used to run other programs at specific times.

    Screen Lock Pattern

    • A security method for mobile devices requiring a drawn pattern.

    Sensor Size (Digital Camera)

    • The size of the sensor in a digital camera, impacting image quality.

    Server

    • A computer providing services/resources to other linked computers (clients) in a network.

    Service Pack

    • A collection of previous software updates (now less common, as automated updates are more frequent).

    Shareware

    • Software available for a trial period (e.g., 30 days).
    • Full version requires payment after the trial period.

    Single-user License

    • Allows installation on only one computer.

    Single-user Operating System

    • Allows access by only one user at a time.

    Site License

    • Allows unlimited installations of software within an organization/company.

    Soft Copy

    • Visual output on a computer screen (opposite of hard copy).

    SOHO User (Small Office/Home Office)

    • A computer user for a small business.

    Speech Recognition

    • Software that understands spoken commands and converts speech to text.

    Spooling

    • Temporarily saving print jobs to disk until the printer is ready.

    SSD (Solid State Drive)

    • Electronic alternative to hard drives, using flash drive technology for fast access.

    Subscription-Based Software

    • Software with a monthly or yearly subscription for usage (e.g., Office 365).

    System Requirements

    • Minimum computer specifications needed to run a piece of software.

    System Software

    • Software controlling/supporting computer operations.

    Tablet

    • Portable computer with touch/pen-sensitive screen, suitable for extended use compared to smartphones.

    Task Manager

    • Provides information about computer performance and running applications/processes.

    Tooltip

    • Information that appears when the pointer rests on an icon or object.

    Touch Screen

    • Input/output screen used in smartphones/tablets, may use finger touch or stylus.

    Touchpad

    • Pressure-sensitive surface on laptops as a mouse alternative.

    Trackball

    • An input device with a ball that users roll to move the pointer.

    Update (Software)

    • Fixes bugs or adds features to existing software.

    Upgrade (Software)

    • A new software version with substantial changes/features that typically requires payment.

    UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

    • Protects computers from power surges/outages to save work before a shutdown.

    USB Port

    • Standard port for connecting peripherals (e.g., keyboards, mice, printers).

    Utility Programs

    • System software for computer maintenance tasks.

    VGA Port

    • Port connecting a monitor to a computer, largely replaced by other connections.

    Video Card

    • A separate board with memory and GPU for improved video processing in a computer.

    Virtual Assistant

    • Software that understands and responds to spoken commands.

    Virtual Memory

    • Uses disk space to simulate more RAM than physically installed.
    • Allows running more programs.

    Voice Recognition Software

    • Allows computers to understand speech, including command execution and dictation.

    Volatile Memory

    • Temporarily holds data lost when power is off (e.g., RAM).

    Webcam

    • A low-resolution camera used for real-time video feeds (e.g., video conferencing).

    Zoom (Digital)

    • Enlarging an image, losing quality and resolution.

    Zoom (Optical)

    • Image enlargement using camera lenses, preserving image quality.

    3G/4G (LTE)

    • Cellular mobile phone technology generations with high-tech network infrastructure.

    802.11 a/b/g/n

    • Wi-Fi standards indicating wireless adapter specifications and network speed.

    Add-on/Extension (Browser)

    • Third-party apps extending browser functionality (e.g., translation, ad blockers).

    ADSL

    • Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, a permanent internet connection using telephone lines at a fixed cost..

    Archiving (Email)

    • Moving emails to an archive folder without deleting.

    AUP (Acceptable Use Policy)

    • Policy outlining user rights and responsibilities in networked environments.

    Backbone (Network)

    • Cable connecting different LANs.

    Bandwidth

    • The amount of data transferred per unit of time (measured in Kbps or Mbps).

    Bookmarks (Web Browser)

    • Stored shortcuts to frequently visited web pages (also known as Favorites).

    Botnet

    • A network of compromised computers controlled remotely to perform malicious actions.

    Broadband

    • A high-speed internet connection.

    BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)

    • Policy allowing users to bring personal devices to school/work for internet access.

    Caching (Web)

    • Temporarily storing recently accessed web pages for faster reloading.

    Cap (Data Usage)

    • A limit on data usage for a month.

    CAPTCHA

    • Test determining if a user is a human or a computer program.

    Clients (Network)

    • Devices using resources/services from servers in a computer network.

    Distributed Processing

    • Solving problems by distributing processing tasks among multiple computers.

    Distribution List (Email)

    • Grouped email addresses for sending emails to multiple recipients.

    E-commerce

    • Business transactions done over the internet.

    EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer)

    • Transferring money electronically using internet banking.

    Email

    • Electronic mail: composing, sending, and receiving messages digitally.

    Fiber Cable

    • Network cable using light signals for high-speed data transmission.

    Firewall

    • A barrier between a computer and the internet, filtering incoming/outgoing network traffic.

    FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

    • Protocol for transferring files between remote computers.

    Grid Computing

    • Sharing computer resources to solve a single problem to increase processing power.

    HAN (Home Area Network)

    • Small network connecting devices within a home environment.

    History (Web Browser)

    • Records previously visited web pages.

    Home Page

    • A website's main page containing information and links to other pages.

    Hotspot

    • Area/range of Wi-Fi network signal coverage
    • A connection to another place in a document or web page (often underlined blue text ).

    Instant Messaging (IM)

    • Real-time communication (text, images, video, voice) between users.

    Internet

    • A global computer network connecting computers and devices.

    Intranet

    • A private network within an organization for internal communication.

    IP Address

    • A unique numerical address identifying a device on a network or the internet.

    ISP (Internet Service Provider)

    • Company providing internet access.

    ISP-Based Email

    • Email access using software like Outlook configured with ISP credentials.

    LAN (Local Area Network)

    • A network connecting computers within a small area (e.g., school, office building).

    LTE (Long Term Evolution)

    • The next-generation high-speed cellular technology (4G).

    Mailing List

    • Grouped email addresses for sending mass mailings.

    NFC (Near Field Communication)

    • Wireless data exchange between devices through close contact.

    NIC (Network Interface Controller)

    • Hardware enabling network connection to a wired network.

    PAN (Personal Area Network)

    • A network organized around an individual or a couple of individuals.

    Plug-in (Browser)

    • Third-party apps for specialized content display within a browser (e.g., Flash videos).

    Podcast

    • Audio/video files available for download on the internet.

    Pop-up (Web Browser)

    • Small browser windows that appear on top of a website.

    Real-time Messaging

    • Real-time online communication exchange of messages (including text, images, video, and voice).

    Router

    • Network device enabling device connection and internet access (using wired or wireless connections, e.g., Wi-Fi).

    RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

    • Technology for automatically updating users with new content from multiple sites (blog entries, news headlines).

    Search Engine

    • Software for searching documents on the web using keywords/phrases.

    Secure URL

    • URL starting with "https://" or having a locked symbol in the address bar showing secure access.

    Shaped Connection (Network Tuning)

    • Internet connection prioritizing certain services (email, download, browsing).

    Skype

    • Popular VoIP software for voice/video communication.

    Social Networking Site

    • Websites where users share information (likes, activities, etc.).

    Spam

    • Unwanted email advertisements (electronic junk mail).

    Switch (Network)

    • Device connecting computers in a LAN, but not for internet access.

    Syncing (Files)

    • Keeping files consistent across multiple devices, automatically updating to the latest version.

    Tabbed Browsing

    • Multiple open web pages in separate tabs on a single browser to allow quick page transitions.

    Thin Client

    • Inexpensive computers with minimal processing capabilities relying on a server for resources.

    Throttling (Internet)

    • ISP slowing internet speed due to excessive data usage.

    Twitter

    • Microblogging service letting users send messages (tweets) to followers.

    Unshaped Connection

    • Internet connection giving all services equal priority.

    URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

    • Unique web address for locating resources on the web.

    URL Shortener

    • Service converting long URLs to shorter, easier-to-remember versions.

    UTP Cable (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

    • Common network cable type for computer connections.

    Video Blog (Vlog)

    • A blog that uses videos as the primary format of communication.

    Video Conference

    • Online conference using computer networks to enable audio/video communication.

    Virtual Community

    • Online groups sharing ideas and interests.

    Virus Signature (Definition)

    • A unique pattern identifying a specific malware type.

    Vlog

    • See Video Blog

    Vodcast

    • See Podcast

    VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

    • Technology enabling phone calls over computer networks (e.g., Skype calls).

    WAN (Wide Area Network)

    • A computer network spanning a large geographic area (cities, countries).

    Web Application/Online Software

    • Software running on servers viewed through a web browser.

    Web Page

    • Document (containing text, images, audio, video) viewed in a web browser.

    Web-Based Email

    • Email service accessed through a web browser.

    Weblog/Blog

    • Regularly updated website offering news, events, and activities in chronological order.

    Wi-Fi

    • Wireless internet connection, enabling access in a specific range ("hotspot").

    Wiki

    • Collaborative website where multiple people contribute content.

    WiMAX

    • Advanced, more secure wireless network technology covering wider areas than Wi-Fi.

    WLAN (Wireless LAN)

    • A LAN with at least part of its connection done wirelessly.

    WWW (World Wide Web)

    • A service on the internet presenting a vast collection of interconnected documents.

    Adware

    • Software displaying many advertisements.

    Augmented Reality

    • Technology enhancing the real world with computer-generated images/objects.

    Big Data

    • Very large datasets analyzed to reveal trends and associations.

    Bitcoin

    • Digital currency not controlled by any bank or country.

    Bot (Robot)

    • A compromised (infected) computer remotely controlled.

    Card Skimmer

    • Device that steals magnetic stripe information from credit cards.

    Click-jacking

    • A malicious attack redirecting clicks to different destinations than intended.

    Computer Virus

    • A program disrupting computer functions without user consent.

    Computer Worm

    • Malware capable of self-replicating and distributing over networks (e.g., via emails).

    Crowdfunding

    • Funding a project/business idea via small amounts from many people.

    Cyber-bullying

    • Using digital communication to spread rumors and harass others.

    Cyber-stalking

    • Harassing someone using the internet.

    Cyberterrorism

    • Attacks targeting a country’s IT infrastructure via the internet.

    Digital Divide

    • Uneven access to technology for populations in developing or poorer areas.

    Digital Migration(Digitization of Media)

    • Moving from analog to digital broadcasting (TV signals).

    DoS Attack (Denial-of-Service)

    • Attack using many infected computers to flood a server with requests, making it unavailable.

    E-mail Spoofing

    • Forged email headers making the sender appear different from the actual sender.

    Green Computing

    • Using computers in an environmentally conscious way.

    Hackers/Crackers

    • Computer criminals (hackers for prestige, crackers for malicious intent).

    Hoax (Internet)

    • Deceptive messages/articles spread through various digital communication channels.

    Identity Theft

    • Criminals stealing an identity to perform fraudulent activities.

    Information Overload

    • Unable to manage the amount of information encountered daily, resulting in feelings of helplessness.

    IoT (Internet of Things)

    • The trend of connecting everyday devices to the internet for remote monitoring and control.

    Keylogger

    • Spyware recording keystrokes for extracting passwords and confidential information.

    Malware

    • Malicious software.

    Mobile Learning

    • Education/training delivered and conducted via the internet using mobile devices.

    Pharming

    • Redirect users to fake websites irrespective of the correct URL, stealing sensitive information.

    Phishing

    • Tricking users into giving up private information (passwords, credit card details) posing as a legitimate entity.

    Quarantine (Virus)

    • Isolating a virus in a designated area to prevent further spread.

    Ransomware

    • Malware encrypting data and demanding payment for release.

    RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)

    • Injuries from repetitive fast actions.

    Smart Home

    • Home using virtual assistant software and internet-enabled devices for remote control.

    SMiShing

    • Phishing attack delivered through SMS messages on smartphones.

    Social Engineering

    • Tricking individuals into revealing confidential information or granting access.

    Software Piracy

    • Illegal copying and distribution of software.

    Spyware

    • Software monitoring computer use and reporting data to third parties.

    Telecommuting

    • Working remotely using electronic communication for interactions with colleagues and clients.

    Trojan

    • Destructive program disguised as a useful application.

    Virtual Reality

    • Computer-generated immersive environments replacing the real world.

    Closed Questions

    • Questions that can be answered with direct facts.

    Information Management

    • Topics related to managing information.

    Open-ended Questions

    • Questions that require exploring or judging information.

    Sample Group

    • Subset of people selected to represent a larger target group.

    Target Audience

    • The group of people the information is aimed at or intended for.

    Target Group

    • The group of people who are being studied or researched.

    Absolute Cell Reference (Excel)

    • Cell reference unaffected by copying formulas or functions.
    • Uses dollar signs to prevent changes.

    Append (Access)

    • Adding records to an existing table in a database.

    Attribute (HTML)

    • Name/value pair defining an element's property.

    Bibliography

    • Citing sources used in a document.

    Bookmark (HTML)

    • Marking a position on a web page with a name.

    Bookmark (Word)

    • Marking document locations for quick navigation.

    Caption (Word)

    • Numbered descriptions for graphics and tables.

    Chart Area (Excel)

    • Includes the Plot Area and chart surrounding elements (e.g., titles).

    Citation (Word)

    • Referencing a source in the body of a document.

    Column Break (Word)

    • Starting text at the top of the next column.

    Combo Box (Access)

    • A list of values for users to select from.

    Combo Chart (Excel)

    • Chart type using different chart types for different data series.

    Constant (Excel)

    • Value with a fixed amount (e.g., 3.5).

    Crop (Word)

    • Removing unwanted parts of a picture.

    Cross-reference (Word)

    • Referring to other parts of the same document (creating hyperlinks).

    CSV File (Comma Separated Values File)

    • Text file using commas to separate data items in each row.

    Data Labels (Excel)

    • Values displayed for data points on a chart.

    Data Series (Excel)

    • Column/row data represented on a chart.

    Data Validation

    • Techniques to prevent invalid data input.

    Date Picker (Access)

    • Selecting a date using a calendar-like onscreen control.

    Default Value (Access)

    • Automatically assigned value to a field in a new record.

    Delimiter

    • Character separating data values (e.g., comma, space, tab).

    Drop Cap

    • Enlarged first letter or word of a paragraph, dropping into line(s) below.

    En Dash (Word)

    • Dash longer than a hyphen, used for number ranges and parentheses.

    Endnote (Word)

    • Similar to footnotes, but placed after a document or section.

    Exporting (Data)

    • Saving data in a different format for compatibility with various applications.

    Field (Access)

    • Single piece of data element in a database.

    Filter (Access)

    • Criterion displaying specific records that meet a certain condition.

    Filter (Excel)

    • Displaying selected rows in a worksheet based on criteria.

    Footnote (Word)

    • Additional information at the bottom of a page, linked to the text above.

    Gap Width (Excel)

    • Distance between bars or columns in charts (as a percentage).

    Gridlines (Excel Chart)

    • Lines making it easier to interpret data points in a chart.

    Gridlines (Excel Worksheet)

    • Lines separating worksheet cells into rows and columns.

    Hard Space (Word)

    • Space preventing word wrapping.

    Header/Footer (Word)

    • Areas in the document margins for page-specific information (e.g., page numbers, logos).

    HTML

    • HyperText Markup Language for creating web pages' structure and content.

    Importing (Data)

    • Opening and importing data from a different format/file type.

    Input Mask (Access)

    • Enforcing data input format in a field (using characters/symbols).

    Label (Access)

    • Field to contain text (e.g., headings, captions) on a form.

    Legend (Excel Chart)

    • Key to identifying chart data series (e.g., bars, lines) visually.

    List Box (Access)

    • A list of values to select from in a form, but cannot add new ones.

    Markers (Excel Chart)

    • Dots/crosses used to represent data values on charts to indicate data point characteristics.

    Non-breaking Hyphen (Word)

    • Hyphen preventing the line break between words.

    OLE Object (Access)

    • Data type to support graphics, audio, video, and other complex files in a database record.

    Page Break (Word)

    • Starting text on a new page without separating the document into sections.

    Plot Area (Excel Chart)

    • Area plotting chart data points (e.g., bars, lines).

    Primary Key (Access)

    • Unique identifier for each record in a table.

    Record (Access)

    • Group of related fields containing details for a given entity.

    Relative Cell Reference (Excel)

    • Cell reference automatically adjusted when copied to a different location.

    Section (Word)

    • Documented part that can be formatted independently.

    Section Break (Word)

    • Separating a document into distinct sections for different formatting.

    Stack and Scale (Excel)

    • Representing chart data series using pictures to show different measured units within a chart.

    Stacked Chart (Excel)

    • Presenting data series side by side in one chart, where data values are stacked together.

    String (Text Data)

    • Combinations of letters, digits, and symbols in text data.

    Style (Word)

    • Predefined set of formatting settings (e.g., font, paragraph).

    Table of Contents (Word)

    • Auto-generated list of document headings and their corresponding pages.

    Template (Document)

    • Pre-designed document format for user input/creation, with suitable layout to achieve a desired look and feel.

    Track Changes (Word)

    • Feature in a document marking user edits and changes (inserting, deleting, or modifying).

    Trendline (Excel)

    • "Best-fit" line on a chart to show data trend over a period (straight or curved for data point trends).

    Valid Data

    • Data values acceptable within specified parameters (correct format, values and restrictions).

    Validation Rule (Access)

    • Condition specifying the type of data acceptable within a database field (numeric, text, dates, etc.).

    Validation Text (Access)

    • Message displayed when data in the field does not comply with the validation rule.

    Watermark (Word)

    • Lightly displayed text or image as a background on the document pages.

    Widow/Orphan (Word)

    • Single isolated line or lines from a paragraph at the top or bottom of a page.

    Word, Excel, Access, HTML

    • Software applications and a markup language used for various tasks.

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