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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a computer?
Which of the following describes a computer system?
What significant development in the late 20th century led to the microcomputer revolution?
In the context of computing, what does 'programming' refer to?
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Which statement correctly reflects the evolution of computers?
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What does Moore's law state about transistor counts?
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What is the primary function of the central processing unit (CPU)?
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In what context was the term 'computer' first used in the 1613 book by Richard Brathwait?
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What was a common social practice regarding hiring human computers during the mid-20th century?
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What type of memory is typically associated with modern computers?
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Study Notes
Definition and Functionality
- A computer is a programmable machine designed for performing arithmetic and logical operations automatically.
- Computers execute programs, allowing them to undertake a variety of tasks.
Computer Systems
- A computer system includes hardware, operating systems, software, and peripheral equipment for full operation.
- Systems can consist of multiple linked computers, forming networks or clusters.
Applications and Control Systems
- Computers control a range of products, from household items like microwave ovens to industrial robots.
- They are integral to general-purpose devices such as personal computers and smartphones.
Internet Integration
- Computers serve as the backbone of the Internet, connecting billions of devices and users globally.
Historical Development
- Early computers were limited to calculations, with manual tools like the abacus used by ancient civilizations.
- Mechanical devices emerged during the Industrial Revolution to automate repetitive tasks.
- The early 20th century saw the invention of electrical machines for specific calculations.
- World War II marked the development of the first digital electronic calculating machines.
Technological Advancements
- The introduction of semiconductor transistors in the late 1940s catalyzed a shift towards modern computing.
- The subsequent development of MOS transistors and integrated circuit chips led to the microprocessor revolution of the 1970s.
- Moore's Law indicates rapid growth in transistor counts, doubling approximately every two years, contributing to the Digital Revolution.
Modern Computer Components
- A typical computer contains at least one processing element (e.g., CPU) and memory (semiconductor memory chips).
- Processing elements perform arithmetic and logical operations, influenced by a sequencing and control unit.
- Peripheral devices enhance functionality: input devices (keyboards, mice), output devices (monitors, printers), and input/output devices (touchscreens).
Etymology and Historical Meaning
- The term "computer" originated in the 17th century, initially referring to a human who performed calculations.
- By the mid-20th century, the modern definition evolved, distinguishing it as a machine.
- Women predominantly filled the role of "computers" during early computing due to lower wages.
- The term has historical roots in the word "compute," which means to calculate.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of computer systems, their applications, and historical development. This quiz covers essential terms and functionalities of computers, including their role in controlling devices and their integration into the Internet. Test your knowledge on various aspects of computer science!
