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Questions and Answers

What is one advantage of using cloud computing for personal computers?

  • Increased complexity of software updates
  • Improved performance from fewer programs in memory (correct)
  • Increased software costs due to licensing fees
  • Dependence on local storage for faster access

    • Which of the following is a challenge associated with cloud storage?

  • Potential hacking risks to user accounts (correct)
  • Cheaper alternatives to traditional software
  • Instant software updates available from providers
  • Unlimited storage capacity provided by vendors

    • How do cloud computing applications typically compare in cost to traditional commercial software?

  • They require ongoing subscription fees
  • They include many hidden costs
  • They are often free or cheaper (correct)
  • They are generally more expensive

    • What is a critical factor that users need to consider when utilizing cloud services?

    <p>The legal jurisdiction of data storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cloud storage is correct?

    <p>Users only pay for the storage they utilize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of NAS improves data accessibility across various devices?

    <p>Centralized Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a SAN differ from NAS in terms of its network setup?

    <p>SAN typically has its own dedicated network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT a primary advantage of a NAS?

    <p>High capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main function of the management software for NAS?

    <p>Collect and filter performance data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of security, what does NAS provide to ensure user access?

    <p>User authentication and authorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of performance is particularly important for NAS administration?

    <p>Number of I/O requests received</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is a key feature of Storage Area Networks (SAN)?

    <p>High scalability and ease of reconfiguration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem does backup/recovery in NAS primarily solve?

    <p>Data loss and accessibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What file system is commonly supported by Microsoft and is known for its security features?

    <p>NTFS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system is noted for only supporting NTFS in a readable mode?

    <p>Mac OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a NAS (Network Attached Storage) device?

    <p>File sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens over time to files stored in a FAT file system as they become fragmented?

    <p>They are scattered across the disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks is NOT typically performed by a NAS device?

    <p>Data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file systems are typically used by clients to access a NAS device?

    <p>CIFS and NFS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the storage-centric design of a NAS device?

    <p>Independence from the server's location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key disadvantage of traditional file systems like FAT compared to NTFS?

    <p>Improved access security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of SSDs over HDDs?

    <p>Lower energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with a hard drive failure?

    <p>All data is lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAID Level 1 is primarily characterized by what method of data management?

    <p>Mirroring data to provide redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RAID level combines both mirroring and striping?

    <p>RAID Level 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant benefit of using blade servers?

    <p>Ability to hot-swap components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do file systems like FAT and NTFS serve in computing?

    <p>Organize the data in the file system format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is typical of a blade server?

    <p>Is designed for minimal physical space usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of using backups for real-time critical data?

    <p>Retrieving real-time data can be difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'POST' stand for in computing?

    <p>Pre-Operating System Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following storage types is typically considered obsolete?

    <p>Tape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much faster is an SSD's access time compared to a typical HDD?

    <p>100 times faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the reliability of SSDs over HDDs?

    <p>SSDs do not have moving parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of cost, how do HDDs compare to SSDs?

    <p>HDDs are much cheaper than SSDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Solid State Disk (SSD)?

    <p>M.2 SSD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes HDDs more prone to failure than SSDs?

    <p>HDDs have moving parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which mechanical hard disk drives store data?

    <p>Magnetic polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)?

    <p>Cloud providers manage the software and infrastructure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is essential to the SaaS model?

    <p>On Demand Self-Service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does SaaS typically reduce costs for startup companies?

    <p>By eliminating the need for software or server purchases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of SaaS?

    <p>High Maintenance Requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services do SaaS applications usually include?

    <p>Complete business services like PayPal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about resource pooling in SaaS is true?

    <p>It allows multiple users to share resources efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'rapid elasticity' mean in the context of SaaS?

    <p>The ability to quickly expand or reduce services based on demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'measured service' in SaaS?

    <p>Resource usage is monitored, controlled, and reported to provide transparency to users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    International & Access Foundation Programmes

    • This programme includes a Computer Science Module.
    • The module covers Semester 1, Part 6, focusing on Networks: PC Internals, Storage, and Network Storage.

    PC Structure

    • A computer system has input, processing, and output components.
    • Input devices include keyboard and mouse.
    • Processing is handled by the processor (chip).
    • Output devices include monitor and printer.
    • Storage devices such as hard drives and flash memory are also crucial parts of the system.

    Inside a PC

    • Components like the CPU, RAM, CPU cooler, motherboard, graphics card, PSU (power supply unit), and hard drive reside inside the computer case.
    • Different bays exist for different components (5.25", 3.5").

    Motherboard

    • The motherboard is a crucial component inside the PC.
    • It features DRAM memory slots, a power connector, CPU heat sinks, CPU socket, Northbridge, and Southbridge.
    • ROM chips, PCI slots, AGP slots, and connectors for peripherals (like audio, ethernet, serial ports, and USB) reside on the motherboard.
    • The northbridge and southbridge control data flow and communication between different components.

    DDR RAM

    • DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory) versions (DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5) have different release dates, bus clocks, voltages, transfer rates, and prefetch (burst) rates.
    • These specifications reflect technological advancements and improved performance.

    RAM

    • Random Access Memory serves as temporary storage for active programs and data.
    • Data lost on power off.
    • DDR RAM types differ in speed and capacity.

    CPU Cache

    • A CPU cache is a small, fast memory area within the CPU itself.
    • It stores frequently accessed data from main memory to speed up data access.
    • Several layers (like L1, L2 cache) exist to make the process increasingly quicker.

    Paging

    • Paging is a method to access more memory than the physical RAM capacity.
    • It moves inactive data to the hard disk (swap file).
    • Recent or active data remains in the RAM to increase the speed.

    Swap File

    • Swap file is a portion of the hard disk used as virtual memory.
    • Data moved from RAM that is not needed immediately gets stored to the hard disk for space and efficiency. It is retrieved back to RAM later if needed.

    Optical Storage

    • Optical drives (like CDs and DVDs) use laser to read and write data.
    • Data recorded in binary pit patterns that the laser reads to retrieve data

    Making Disk Storage Reliable

    • Hard drive failure can lead to total data loss, hence regular backups are essential.
    • RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks) a technique to prevent this data loss from hard drive failures and provide high data availability.

    RAID Levels

    • RAID 0 is data striping across multiple disks for read/write performance improvements. No redundancy-less data availability
    • RAID 1 is a mirroring technique, where data replicated across multiple disks. Good read/write performance, high redundancy
    • RAID 10 combines striping and mirroring techniques to combine benefits.

    Network Attached Storage (NAS)

    • A network storage device for file sharing.
    • NAS devices perform file sharing and other essential tasks, like email management and authentication, but not overall server operations.
    • NAS allows adding hard disks without computer downtime for maintenance.

    Storage Area Network (SAN)

    • Standalone network to manage storage.
    • A SAN is a storage network separate from the primary network; it connects storage devices without affecting primary network usage, hence no network slowdown.
    • Fiber Channel is a typical SAN network architecture.

    Cloud Computing

    • This is a networked computing model running on the internet, hosting computing services and resources.
    • It is a platform that handles hardware and software required for service provision.
    • Resources used and paid for on a pay-as-you-go basis.

    Software as a Service (SaaS)

    • Software delivered over the internet, instead of locally installed.
    • Cloud providers host the software and related services/infrastructures (maintenance and updates).
    • Users access the software through the internet browser of the computer and other devices.

    Cloud Delivery Models

    • SaaS-software as a service, PaaS-platform as a service, IaaS-infrastructure as a service
    • SaaS is the user-software interface, PaaS hides the platform infrastructure, and IaaS delivers the physical infrastructures that form the cloud

    Cloud Storage

    • Cloud computing allows access and usage of storage services on any device connected to the internet.
    • Web providers manage the underlying storage systems remotely, delivering storage services.

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    Network Architecture (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on computer structure and components in this Computer Science Module quiz. Focused on Semester 1, Part 6, it covers essential topics such as PC internals, storage, and network storage. Ideal for students in the International & Access Foundation Programmes.

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