Computer Science: Memory Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the getchar() function in the given program?

  • To take input from the user
  • To initialize variables
  • To display the output
  • To wait for a key press before exiting the program (correct)

    • What is the output of the program when printf("\ndnum = %d = %5d = %05d = %-5d.", dnum, dnum, dnum, dnum) is executed?

  • dnum = 56 = 56 = 56 = 56
  • dnum = 56 = 56 = 00056 = 56 (correct)
  • dnum = 56 = 56 = 056 = 56
  • dnum = 56 = 56 = 56 = 56

    • What is the purpose of the #include preprocessor directive?

  • To define a function
  • To initialize a variable
  • To declare a variable
  • To include a header file (correct)

    • What is the output of the program when printf("\nfnum = %.2f = %.05f = %.12f", fnum, fnum, fnum) is executed?

    <p>fnum = 12.16 = 12.16000 = 12.159999847412</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the data type of the variable dnum in the given program?

    <p>int</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the % character in the printf function?

    <p>To specify the format of the output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the program when printf("\nname = %s = %10s = %-10s.", name, name, name) is executed?

    <p>name = Adham = Adham = Adham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the main function in the given program?

    <p>To execute the program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the program when printf("%.3f\n", 123.456789) is executed?

    <p>123.456</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the %d format specifier in the printf function?

    <p>To specify the format for an integer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Memory Concepts

    • A variable's name corresponds to a location in the computer's memory.
    • Every variable has a name, type, size, and value.
    • Assigning a new value to a variable replaces the previous value.
    • Reading a variable from memory does not change its value.

    Visual Representation

    • A visual representation of variables in memory shows their names, values, and sizes.

    Arithmetic

    • Use * for multiplication and / for division.
    • Integer division truncates the remainder.
    • The modulus operator % returns the remainder.
    • Arithmetic operators follow a specific order of precedence.
    • Use parentheses to clarify expressions when necessary.
    • Example: Calculate the average of three variables a, b, and c using (a + b + c) / 3.

    Arithmetic Operators

    • Arithmetic operators follow rules of operator precedence.

    Decision Making

    • Executable statements perform actions or decisions.
    • The if control statement executes a block of code if a condition is true.
    • In C, 0 is false, and non-zero is true.
    • Control always resumes after the if structure.
    • Keywords are special words reserved for C and cannot be used as identifiers or variable names.

    Formatting Output

    • The printf function can format output using various specifiers.
    • %3d specifier prints a 3-digit decimal number, padding with blank spaces to the left.
    • %03d specifier prints a 3-digit decimal number, padding with zeros to the left.
    • %5s specifier prints a string of five characters, padding with blank spaces to the left.
    • %-5s specifier prints a string of five characters, padding with blank spaces to the right.
    • %.3f specifier prints a floating-point number with three digits after the decimal point, padding with zeros to the right.

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    Description

    Learn about memory concepts in computer science, including variables, their properties, and how they interact with memory.

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