Computer Science Lecture 11-12
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Questions and Answers

What method should be used to add a new item to the end of a list?

  • append (correct)
  • add
  • insert
  • prepend

    • Which function will remove an item at a specified index in a list?

  • remove
  • pop (correct)
  • discard
  • delete

    • If you use the 'insert' method to add items to a list, what happens if you insert more items than you replace?

  • The new items will be inserted and existing items will move accordingly. (correct)
  • An error will occur due to the mismatch in count.
  • The list will not change.
  • The new items replace the old ones completely.

    • What does the 'sort' method do when it is called on a list?

    <p>It sorts the list in ascending order by default.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you check if an item exists within a list?

    <p>in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'reverse' function in the context provided?

    <p>To return items in the specified reverse order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is described as losing its contents when power is turned off?

    <p>Volatile memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bus' refer to in the context of memory?

    <p>A pathway that allows devices to communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

    <p>Volatile memory loses data when powered off, non-volatile memory does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is memory size typically measured?

    <p>In Gigabytes or Terabytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key characteristic of flash memory?

    <p>It is non-volatile and retains data without power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a LAN?

    <p>A network for local communities connecting computers in a small area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology connects computers to a central device called a HUB?

    <p>Star topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the CPU in a computer system?

    <p>To interpret and execute instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router in a network?

    <p>To connect multiple networks and manage data traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component protects the electronics of a device from damage?

    <p>Core case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data structure is a list in Python?

    <p>Ordered and changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about SRAM and DRAM is true?

    <p>DRAM is slower and less expensive than SRAM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you access the third item in a Python list, given that the first item starts at index 0?

    <p>By using index 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Domain Name System (DNS) do?

    <p>It translates IP addresses into human-readable domain names.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a clock speed in computer processors?

    <p>To measure the speed of internal instructions execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a NIC (Network Interface Card)?

    <p>To convert digital signals for the network and manage data flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network covers a city and may include various technologies like Cable TV or WiMAX?

    <p>MAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Python list method would you use to find the number of items in a list?

    <p>len()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the properties of items in a Python list?

    <p>Ordered and changeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of guided media in networking?

    <p>It allows high-speed and secure data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication method does microwave radio utilize?

    <p>Direct communication between satellite and ground stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CPU registers after executing an instruction?

    <p>They must be emptied due to limited capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet switching, what are the small pieces of messages called?

    <p>Packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a multi-core processor from a single-core processor?

    <p>Ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components generate heat and require cooling mechanisms?

    <p>CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of SSD when compared to HDD?

    <p>Increased durability and lower power consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of topology involves nodes connected in a circular format?

    <p>Ring topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the HTTP protocol?

    <p>To transfer web pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT a part of the web server's process after receiving a request?

    <p>Prepare a request on the web browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an algorithm?

    <p>A sequence of step-by-step instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a device driver do?

    <p>Facilitates communication with specific devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as system software?

    <p>Application Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of an operating system?

    <p>Control and coordinate computer hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the booting process, which component initializes first?

    <p>BIOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of user interface requires typed commands from the user?

    <p>Command-Line Interface (CLI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately represents the relationship between the internet and the WWW?

    <p>The WWW is a collection of documents linked by hyperlinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is involved in message routing on the internet?

    <p>Addressing and sending packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 11 - The Core

    • A case protects the device's electronics from damage
    • Components inside the case include: heat sink, fan, memory modules, integrated ports, security, sound card, power supply, fan, battery, and processor
    • Sound translates 0s and 1s into audio
    • The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer, containing integrated circuits that connect transistors
    • The processor interprets and executes basic instructions (control unit)
    • Multi-core processors are single chips with two or more processor cores (fetch, decode, execute, store stages)
    • Clock speed (e.g., 2GHz) measures the processor's cycle speed
    • Processors generate heat, requiring cooling systems like heat sinks and cooling pads
    • The CPU must empty registers after each instruction execution due to their limited number
    • The CPU interprets instructions, performs arithmetic/logical operations, and communicates with other computer parts

    Lecture 12 - Python Lists

    • Lists store multiple items in a single variable.
    • Lists are ordered and changeable, allowing duplicates.
    • List items are indexed starting at 0 (negative indexing is possible)
    • Items are placed at the end of the list by default
    • Lists can be changed, added to and removed from after they are created.
    • len() returns the number of items in a list.
    • List items can be different data types (e.g., strings, integers, booleans).
    • A list constructor (list()) creates a new list.
    • Items can be accessed using their index (e.g., list[2]).
    • len() function is used to get the last item
    • Slicing is used to access ranges of items (e.g., [2:6])
    • in operator checks if an item exists in a list
    • [3] allows you to modify a specific element in the list

    Lecture 13 - Python Lists (Continued)

    • Inserting items into a list doesn't replace existing items; new items are inserted, and existing items shift according to their positions.
    • insert() adds a new item at a specified index without replacing existing items.
    • append() adds an item to the end of a list.
    • remove() removes a specific item from the list.
    • pop() removes and returns the item at the specified index.
    • sort() sorts the list in ascending order by default.
    • sort(reverse=True) sorts the list in descending order.
    • count() returns the number of times a specified value appears in a list
    • The reverse() method reverses the order of the list
    • The extend() method adds items from one list to the end of another.

    Lecture 14 - Memory

    • Memory stores instructions, data, and results of processing.
    • Memory is organized in a hierarchy with different levels (cache, main memory, secondary memory, tertiary memory).
    • Memory size is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB).
    • Each memory location has an address.
    • Volatile memory loses its contents when power is turned off (e.g., RAM).
    • Non-volatile memory retains its contents (e.g., ROM, flash memory, memory stick). SRAM being faster than DRAM.
    • Cache memory speeds up processes by storing frequently used data and instructions
    • ROM holds permanent data, like boot information
    • HDDs (hard disk drives), SSDs (solid-state drives) are secondary storage devices.
    • Flash memory is high-speed, reliable, and non-volatile.

    Lecture 15 - Networks

    • Communication involves two or more devices exchanging data, instructions and information
    • Networks connect computers and devices via communication media (e.g., wired or wireless).
    • Topologies (physical arrangements) include: star, bus, ring, mesh, and tree.
    • Network topologies dictate how computers interact and communicate
    • Network architecture can be Client-Server or Peer-to-peer.

    Lecture 16 - The Internet

    • The internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks, using packet switching.
    • The internet uses protocols like TCP/IP for message transmission.
    • The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
    • The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of multimedia documents linked through hyperlinks, a subset of the internet.
    • Web protocols like HTTP defined how websites transfer data (http://website-path/resource-file.html) and HTML is the language for formatting webpages.

    Lecture 17 - Software

    • Software consists of compilers, application software, system software (operating system, utility programs, device drivers).
    • Software stored in memory gives specific instructions to the computer
    • Software can also solve problems.
    • Programming languages like Python translate instructions into code that the computer can execute.
    • Algorithms (step-by-step instructions) are often expressed in programming languages.
    • Several categories exist for programming languages, including high-level and low-level languages.
    • Operating systems manage hardware devices and run software applications.
    • Boot sequence involves initiating BIOS, HDD/SSD, and finally the operating system itself.
    • GUI is the graphical user interface, where users interact through images, graphics and interactive elements

    Other System Software

    • Utility programs provide additional functions for managing computer performance, such as disk cleanup or file compression.
    • Device drivers help the operating system communicate with specific hardware devices.

    User Interface Types

    • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) enable users to interact with computers through a visual interface rather than command-line interfaces.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of computer architecture and Python lists through this engaging quiz. Understand the various components inside a computer case and how processors function, alongside an introduction to managing data with lists in Python. Test your knowledge on the core concepts that drive computer technology and programming.

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