Computer Science Lecture 11-12
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Questions and Answers

What method should be used to add a new item to the end of a list?

  • append (correct)
  • add
  • insert
  • prepend

Which function will remove an item at a specified index in a list?

  • remove
  • pop (correct)
  • discard
  • delete

If you use the 'insert' method to add items to a list, what happens if you insert more items than you replace?

  • The new items will be inserted and existing items will move accordingly. (correct)
  • An error will occur due to the mismatch in count.
  • The list will not change.
  • The new items replace the old ones completely.

What does the 'sort' method do when it is called on a list?

<p>It sorts the list in ascending order by default. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you check if an item exists within a list?

<p>in (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'reverse' function in the context provided?

<p>To return items in the specified reverse order (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is described as losing its contents when power is turned off?

<p>Volatile memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bus' refer to in the context of memory?

<p>A pathway that allows devices to communicate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

<p>Volatile memory loses data when powered off, non-volatile memory does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is memory size typically measured?

<p>In Gigabytes or Terabytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key characteristic of flash memory?

<p>It is non-volatile and retains data without power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a LAN?

<p>A network for local communities connecting computers in a small area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topology connects computers to a central device called a HUB?

<p>Star topology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the CPU in a computer system?

<p>To interpret and execute instructions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a router in a network?

<p>To connect multiple networks and manage data traffic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component protects the electronics of a device from damage?

<p>Core case (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data structure is a list in Python?

<p>Ordered and changeable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about SRAM and DRAM is true?

<p>DRAM is slower and less expensive than SRAM. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you access the third item in a Python list, given that the first item starts at index 0?

<p>By using index 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Domain Name System (DNS) do?

<p>It translates IP addresses into human-readable domain names. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a clock speed in computer processors?

<p>To measure the speed of internal instructions execution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a NIC (Network Interface Card)?

<p>To convert digital signals for the network and manage data flow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of network covers a city and may include various technologies like Cable TV or WiMAX?

<p>MAN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Python list method would you use to find the number of items in a list?

<p>len() (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of items in a Python list?

<p>Ordered and changeable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of guided media in networking?

<p>It allows high-speed and secure data transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication method does microwave radio utilize?

<p>Direct communication between satellite and ground stations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to CPU registers after executing an instruction?

<p>They must be emptied due to limited capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In packet switching, what are the small pieces of messages called?

<p>Packets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a multi-core processor from a single-core processor?

<p>Ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components generate heat and require cooling mechanisms?

<p>CPU (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of SSD when compared to HDD?

<p>Increased durability and lower power consumption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of topology involves nodes connected in a circular format?

<p>Ring topology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the HTTP protocol?

<p>To transfer web pages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a part of the web server's process after receiving a request?

<p>Prepare a request on the web browser (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an algorithm?

<p>A sequence of step-by-step instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a device driver do?

<p>Facilitates communication with specific devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as system software?

<p>Application Software (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of an operating system?

<p>Control and coordinate computer hardware (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the booting process, which component initializes first?

<p>BIOS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of user interface requires typed commands from the user?

<p>Command-Line Interface (CLI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately represents the relationship between the internet and the WWW?

<p>The WWW is a collection of documents linked by hyperlinks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in message routing on the internet?

<p>Addressing and sending packets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computer Case

Encloses and protects a computer's internal components from damage.

Motherboard

The main circuit board of a computer system.

Multi-core Processor

A single chip with two or more processing cores.

Processor (CPU)

Interprets and executes instructions, handles arithmetic and logical operations, and manages communication with other computer parts.

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CPU Instructions

The steps a processor takes to complete a task.

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CPU Instruction Cycle

The process of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing an instruction.

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Clock Speed

The speed at which a processor performs operations, measured in GHz.

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List (Python)

A data structure in Python that can store multiple items.

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List Items (Python)

Elements stored within a Python list.

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List Indexing (Python)

Accessing list items using their position (index).

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Accessing the last item in a list

Use the index -1 to access the last item of a list.

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List Slicing

Extracting a portion of a list (sublist). Uses a colon (:) to define the start and end index for extracting. Note that the ending index is exclusive.

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Checking if an item exists in a list

Use the in operator to see if an item is present in a list.

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Changing a list item value

Access the index of the item you want to change directly and assign a new value to that index.

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Inserting items into a list

Use the insert() method to add an item at a specified index, shifting other items to the right.

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Memory Hierarchy

A system that arranges different types of memory based on their speed, cost, and capacity. Data moves between levels of the hierarchy based on access frequency and importance.

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Volatile Memory

Memory that loses its contents when power is removed. This type is typically faster and more expensive.

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Non-Volatile Memory

Memory that retains its contents even when power is off. This type is generally slower and less expensive.

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Word Size

The number of bits a processor can process at a given time. Larger word sizes allow faster data processing.

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What are the 3 basic categories of memory?

The three basic categories of memory are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary memory (RAM) holds actively used data and instructions, secondary memory (hard drive) stores data persistently, and tertiary memory (cloud storage) provides long-term storage and backup.

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Internet

A global network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data using packet switching.

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World Wide Web (WWW)

A collection of multimedia documents linked together by hyperlinks. It's a part of the internet.

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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

A protocol used to transfer web pages between web browsers and servers.

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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

A language used to encode and display web documents.

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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

An address that uniquely identifies a web resource on the internet.

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Domain Name System (DNS)

A system that translates domain names (e.g., google.com) to IP addresses (e.g., 172.217.164.142).

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Packet Switching

A method of transmitting data by breaking it into small packets and sending them independently across the network.

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Software

Programs that instruct computers what to do and solve problems.

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System Software

Software that controls and coordinates computer hardware and runs applications.

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Application Software

Software designed for specific tasks, such as word processing, web browsing, or games.

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ROM

Read-Only Memory that permanently stores information, like BIOS settings, and cannot be modified easily.

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RAM

Random Access Memory, fast but temporary storage that holds data and instructions currently being used by your applications.

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Cache Memory

A high-speed buffer that stores frequently used data and instructions, making them immediately accessible to the CPU, speeding up processing.

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Flash Memory

A non-volatile, high-speed memory type found in devices like SD cards and USB flash drives, offering data storage and retrieval for your computer.

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HDD

Hard Disk Drive, a mechanical storage device used for long-term data storage, but slower than flash memory.

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Network Communications

The process of two or more devices exchanging data and information, often using various protocols.

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Network Topology

The physical arrangement of computers and connections in a network, describing how devices are interconnected.

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STAR Topology

A network arrangement where all devices are connected to a central hub, providing centralized control and data management.

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BUS Topology

A network configuration where devices are connected along a single shared cable, with data flowing both ways.

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RING Topology

A network setup where devices are connected in a closed loop, with data traveling in one direction.

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MESH Topology

A network arrangement where devices have multiple connections to other nodes, creating a web of interconnected paths.

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TREE Topology

A network structure where multiple star networks are interconnected, creating a hierarchical arrangement.

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Client-Server Architecture

A network model where clients request services from a central server, which provides access to resources and applications.

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Peer-to-Peer Architecture

A network model where devices can directly communicate with each other without a central server, allowing sharing of resources and files.

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Guided Media

Wired network transmission using physical cables, ensuring high speed and security, typically for shorter distances.

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Unguided Media

Wireless network transmission using radio waves, offering flexibility and coverage over longer distances, but potentially less secure.

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Study Notes

Lecture 11 - The Core

  • A case protects the device's electronics from damage
  • Components inside the case include: heat sink, fan, memory modules, integrated ports, security, sound card, power supply, fan, battery, and processor
  • Sound translates 0s and 1s into audio
  • The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer, containing integrated circuits that connect transistors
  • The processor interprets and executes basic instructions (control unit)
  • Multi-core processors are single chips with two or more processor cores (fetch, decode, execute, store stages)
  • Clock speed (e.g., 2GHz) measures the processor's cycle speed
  • Processors generate heat, requiring cooling systems like heat sinks and cooling pads
  • The CPU must empty registers after each instruction execution due to their limited number
  • The CPU interprets instructions, performs arithmetic/logical operations, and communicates with other computer parts

Lecture 12 - Python Lists

  • Lists store multiple items in a single variable.
  • Lists are ordered and changeable, allowing duplicates.
  • List items are indexed starting at 0 (negative indexing is possible)
  • Items are placed at the end of the list by default
  • Lists can be changed, added to and removed from after they are created.
  • len() returns the number of items in a list.
  • List items can be different data types (e.g., strings, integers, booleans).
  • A list constructor (list()) creates a new list.
  • Items can be accessed using their index (e.g., list[2]).
  • len() function is used to get the last item
  • Slicing is used to access ranges of items (e.g., [2:6])
  • in operator checks if an item exists in a list
  • [3] allows you to modify a specific element in the list

Lecture 13 - Python Lists (Continued)

  • Inserting items into a list doesn't replace existing items; new items are inserted, and existing items shift according to their positions.
  • insert() adds a new item at a specified index without replacing existing items.
  • append() adds an item to the end of a list.
  • remove() removes a specific item from the list.
  • pop() removes and returns the item at the specified index.
  • sort() sorts the list in ascending order by default.
  • sort(reverse=True) sorts the list in descending order.
  • count() returns the number of times a specified value appears in a list
  • The reverse() method reverses the order of the list
  • The extend() method adds items from one list to the end of another.

Lecture 14 - Memory

  • Memory stores instructions, data, and results of processing.
  • Memory is organized in a hierarchy with different levels (cache, main memory, secondary memory, tertiary memory).
  • Memory size is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB).
  • Each memory location has an address.
  • Volatile memory loses its contents when power is turned off (e.g., RAM).
  • Non-volatile memory retains its contents (e.g., ROM, flash memory, memory stick). SRAM being faster than DRAM.
  • Cache memory speeds up processes by storing frequently used data and instructions
  • ROM holds permanent data, like boot information
  • HDDs (hard disk drives), SSDs (solid-state drives) are secondary storage devices.
  • Flash memory is high-speed, reliable, and non-volatile.

Lecture 15 - Networks

  • Communication involves two or more devices exchanging data, instructions and information
  • Networks connect computers and devices via communication media (e.g., wired or wireless).
  • Topologies (physical arrangements) include: star, bus, ring, mesh, and tree.
  • Network topologies dictate how computers interact and communicate
  • Network architecture can be Client-Server or Peer-to-peer.

Lecture 16 - The Internet

  • The internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks, using packet switching.
  • The internet uses protocols like TCP/IP for message transmission.
  • The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
  • The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of multimedia documents linked through hyperlinks, a subset of the internet.
  • Web protocols like HTTP defined how websites transfer data (http://website-path/resource-file.html) and HTML is the language for formatting webpages.

Lecture 17 - Software

  • Software consists of compilers, application software, system software (operating system, utility programs, device drivers).
  • Software stored in memory gives specific instructions to the computer
  • Software can also solve problems.
  • Programming languages like Python translate instructions into code that the computer can execute.
  • Algorithms (step-by-step instructions) are often expressed in programming languages.
  • Several categories exist for programming languages, including high-level and low-level languages.
  • Operating systems manage hardware devices and run software applications.
  • Boot sequence involves initiating BIOS, HDD/SSD, and finally the operating system itself.
  • GUI is the graphical user interface, where users interact through images, graphics and interactive elements

Other System Software

  • Utility programs provide additional functions for managing computer performance, such as disk cleanup or file compression.
  • Device drivers help the operating system communicate with specific hardware devices.

User Interface Types

  • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) enable users to interact with computers through a visual interface rather than command-line interfaces.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of computer architecture and Python lists through this engaging quiz. Understand the various components inside a computer case and how processors function, alongside an introduction to managing data with lists in Python. Test your knowledge on the core concepts that drive computer technology and programming.

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