Computer Science Input Devices
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the technology that integrates digital information with the user's environment in real time?

  • Enhanced reality
  • Augmented reality (correct)
  • Virtual reality
  • Mixed reality

    • Which of the following devices is an example of an embedded computer?

  • Desktop computer
  • Smartphone
  • Laptop
  • Digital watch (correct)

    • What is the main function of a server?

  • To store and process data
  • To provide power to other devices
  • To share resources and data among multiple users (correct)
  • To provide internet access to users

    • What is the term for the physical parts of a computer system?

    <p>Computer hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a processor or central processing unit (CPU)?

    <p>To perform calculations and process data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of memory found on the motherboard of a digital device?

    <p>Random access memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the wireless technology with a short transmission range?

    <p>Near field communication (NFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of computer that is the most powerful?

    <p>Supercomputer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a motherboard in a computer?

    <p>To provide a interface for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard unit of measurement for memory and storage in computers?

    <p>Gigabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protocol used by Wi-Fi enabled devices to connect to a network?

    <p>802.11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of accessing a file on the Internet and then copying it onto your computer?

    <p>Downloading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the volume of data that can be carried on an Internet transmission media in a certain amount of time?

    <p>Bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data?

    <p>Cloud computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device that allows several computers to use your home network with just one Internet connection?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the type of interface that enables communication between digital devices?

    <p>USB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a unit of digital data that consists of one billion bytes?

    <p>Gigabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organization that manages domain names and IP addresses on the Internet?

    <p>ICANN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a session cookie?

    <p>It is lost when the web browser is closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the right of personal privacy concerning the storing, distributing, and displaying information about oneself online?

    <p>Internet privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of commerce involves transactions between businesses?

    <p>B2B - Business to Business</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a deliberate misuse of computers and networks via the Internet?

    <p>Cyberattack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a third-party cookie?

    <p>A cookie created by a website other than the one you are currently visiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a computer that has been taken over by a hacker?

    <p>Zombie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a macro virus?

    <p>A virus written in a specific language and placed within a document or spreadsheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the technical term for electronic or online banking?

    <p>EFT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a firewall software?

    <p>To block a user's access to specific Internet content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a program that appears legitimate but executes an unwanted activity when activated?

    <p>Trojan horse virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a DDoS attack?

    <p>A cybercrime that floods a server with internet traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step in the PDLC after defining the problem?

    <p>Create the plan or algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of complexity of a programming language?

    <p>Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DBMS?

    <p>To maximize the benefits of a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a collection of related data called?

    <p>A database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reliability and accuracy of information in a database?

    <p>Data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

    <p>To create a link between two tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data mining best described as?

    <p>A research and analysis technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of descriptive analytics?

    <p>To answer questions about what happened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DDDM stand for?

    <p>Data Driven Decision Making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data analytics?

    <p>To uncover trends and correlations to answer specific questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms?

    <p>AI bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a surge protector?

    <p>To protect electronics from voltage spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of designing workplaces and products to minimize physical strain?

    <p>Ergonomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the record of a person's activity online?

    <p>Digital footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a VPN?

    <p>To encrypt internet traffic and route it through a remote server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted software or digital media?

    <p>Piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the code of polite behavior when using the internet?

    <p>Netiquette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of artificial intelligence that teaches computers to process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain?

    <p>Neural networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an operating system?

    <p>To provide a platform for running other programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key?

    <p>Ransomware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for software that is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute?

    <p>Open-source software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of identifying and fixing errors in code called?

    <p>Debugging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a machine that uses a digital file to create three-dimensional objects?

    <p>3D Printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the practice of using a mobile device to provide internet access to a computer called?

    <p>Tethering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of technology uses human traits for identification?

    <p>Biometrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical parts of a computer system?

    <p>Hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brain of the computer where most calculations take place?

    <p>Microprocessor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of device accepts input, processes data into information, provides output, and can store data?

    <p>Embedded computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of pixels a screen can display?

    <p>Resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the wireless technology with a short transmission range?

    <p>NFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of computer is the most powerful?

    <p>Supercomputer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of memory found on the motherboard of a digital device?

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of data a computer can process?

    <p>Bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of computer data storage where data is stored in logical pools, and servers are typically owned and managed by a data hosting company?

    <p>Cloud storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protocol used to transfer data and information between hosts on the Internet?

    <p>Packet switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of data that can be carried on an Internet transmission media in a certain amount of time?

    <p>Bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of interface that enables communication between digital devices?

    <p>USB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of wireless communication technology that uses short-wavelength radio waves to transfer data?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the device that allows several computers to use your home network with just one Internet connection?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unit of digital information that consists of one billion bytes?

    <p>Gigabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the organization that manages domain names and IP addresses on the Internet?

    <p>ICANN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of computer storage that uses integrated circuits to store data?

    <p>Solid-state drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a DBMS?

    <p>To maximize the benefits of a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of complexity of a programming language?

    <p>Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

    <p>To link two tables that do not have a field in common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data mining best described as?

    <p>A research and analysis technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data analytics?

    <p>To try to answer questions such as 'what happened' or 'what is occurring'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reliability and accuracy of information in a database?

    <p>Data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DBMS?

    <p>To maximize the benefits a database can provide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a collection of related data called?

    <p>A database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an algorithm in the PDLC?

    <p>To plan the solution to a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DDDM stand for?

    <p>Data Driven Decision Making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the right of personal privacy concerning the storing, distributing, and displaying information about oneself online?

    <p>Internet privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a firewall software?

    <p>To prevent cyber attacks and unauthorized access to a computer or network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for small text files created by websites that a user visits, which are stored on the user's hard disk?

    <p>Web cookies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a deliberate misuse of computers and networks via the Internet?

    <p>Cyberattack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a computer that has been taken over by a hacker, typically by using a rootkit?

    <p>Zombie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the technical term for electronic or online banking?

    <p>EFT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a program that appears legitimate but executes an unwanted activity when activated?

    <p>Trojan horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of cookie that is stored in temporary memory and is lost when the web browser is closed?

    <p>Session cookie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a unit of digital data that consists of one billion bytes?

    <p>Gigabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of malware that records all actions typed on a keyboard?

    <p>Keystroke logger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an operating system?

    <p>To manage computer hardware and provide a platform for running other programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for software that is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute?

    <p>Open-source software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of identifying and fixing errors in code?

    <p>Debugging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a computer program used to organize data in rows and columns?

    <p>Spreadsheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the practice of using a mobile device to provide internet access to a computer?

    <p>Tethering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data analytics?

    <p>To uncover trends and correlations, and answer specifically crafted questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognitive bias?

    <p>Conscious or unconscious errors in cognition that impact an individual's judgments, assumptions, and decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of designing workplaces and products to minimize physical strain?

    <p>Ergonomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a VPN?

    <p>To make online activity private by encrypting internet traffic and routing it through a remote server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the record of a person's activity online?

    <p>Footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a surge protector?

    <p>To protect electronics from voltage spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the code of polite behavior when using the internet?

    <p>Netiquette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted software or digital media?

    <p>Piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of artificial intelligence that teaches computers to process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain?

    <p>AI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms?

    <p>AI bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard unit of measurement for memory and storage in computers?

    <p>Gigabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the volume of data that can be carried on an Internet transmission media in a certain amount of time?

    <p>Bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device that allows several computers to use your home network with just one Internet connection?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data?

    <p>Cloud Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a unit of digital data that consists of one billion bytes?

    <p>Gigabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organization that manages domain names and IP addresses on the Internet?

    <p>ICANN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the right of personal privacy concerning the storing, distributing, and displaying information about oneself online?

    <p>Internet Privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a unique 12-character alphanumeric identifier that identifies a device on a network?

    <p>MAC Address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protocol used by Wi-Fi enabled devices to connect to a network?

    <p>802.11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of accessing a file on the Internet and then copying it onto your computer?

    <p>Downloading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for electronic data interchange that allows businesses to electronically communicate and exchange information?

    <p>EDI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of malware demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key?

    <p>Ransomware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating a unique identity for oneself by showcasing one's skills, personality, and values?

    <p>Personal branding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cookie is stored in temporary memory and is lost when the web browser is closed?

    <p>Session cookie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a UPS device?

    <p>To provide emergency power to a computer system in the event of a power outage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a malicious attack on a computer system or network, using malicious code to modify normal operations?

    <p>Cyberattack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the code of polite behavior when using the internet?

    <p>Netiquette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a program that appears legitimate but executes an unwanted activity when activated?

    <p>Trojan horse virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a surge protector?

    <p>To protect electronics from voltage spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technology that provides firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses?

    <p>NAT (Network Address Translation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of malware that self-replicates and can spread from one computer to another?

    <p>Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for computer experts who attempt to hack into a network to ensure it is protected against intrusions?

    <p>White hat hacker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a record of a person's activity online?

    <p>Footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a social networking platform for professionals?

    <p>LinkedIn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting a task into commands that a computer can use to perform the task?

    <p>Programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted software or digital media?

    <p>Piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for electronic or online banking?

    <p>EFT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cybercrime in which the attacker floods a server with internet traffic to prevent users from accessing connected online services and sites?

    <p>DDoS attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an embedded computer?

    <p>To accept input, process data into information, and provide output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the software that manages computer hardware and provides a platform for running other programs?

    <p>Operating system (OS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a spreadsheet?

    <p>To organize data in rows and columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the practice of using a mobile device to provide internet access to a computer?

    <p>Tethering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the technology that uses a digital file to create three-dimensional objects?

    <p>3D Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the device that holds the computer's main microprocessor?

    <p>Motherboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unit of digital data storage?

    <p>Bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of computer that is shared by multiple users?

    <p>Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the short-distance wireless communication technology?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key?

    <p>Ransomware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most popular programming language of all time?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DBMS?

    <p>To maximize the benefits of a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a collection of related data called?

    <p>A database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reliability and accuracy of information in a database referred to as?

    <p>Data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

    <p>To create links between tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data mining best described as?

    <p>A research and analysis technique to uncover trends and correlations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data analytics?

    <p>To answer questions like &quot;what happened?&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms?

    <p>AI bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DDDM stand for?

    <p>Data Driven Decision Making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is SQL an abbreviation for?

    <p>Structured Query Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a UPS device?

    <p>To provide emergency power to a computer system in the event of a power outage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key?

    <p>Ransomware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of designing workplaces and products to minimize physical strain and optimize human well-being?

    <p>Ergonomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a record of a person's activity online, which can be used to track their movements and interests?

    <p>Footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the code of polite behavior when using the internet?

    <p>Netiquette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted software or digital media?

    <p>Piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cybercrime in which scammers trick victims into revealing personal information?

    <p>Phishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of malware that self-replicates and can spread from one computer to another?

    <p>Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network allows devices to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet?

    <p>Internet of Things (IoT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

    <p>To encrypt internet traffic and make online activity private</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for software that is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute?

    <p>Open-source software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Operating System (OS)?

    <p>To manage computer hardware and provide a platform for running programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of identifying and fixing errors in code?

    <p>Debugging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a computer program used to organize data in rows and columns?

    <p>Spreadsheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the practice of using a mobile device to provide internet access to a computer?

    <p>Tethering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a machine that uses a digital file to create three-dimensional objects?

    <p>3D Printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Input

    • Augmented reality (AR) integrates digital information with the user's environment in real-time.
    • Examples of input devices include:
      • Controllers
      • Point-of-sale devices
      • Biometrics (using human traits for identification, such as fingerprints, facial bone structure, and speech recognition)
      • Barcode scanners
    • Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless technology with a short transmission range, used in devices like smartphones, tablets, and home appliances.

    Computer Output

    • Monitor resolution refers to the number of pixels a screen can display, with higher resolutions indicating better image quality.

    Computer Hardware

    • The physical parts of a computer system are referred to as hardware.
    • The motherboard is the circuit board that holds the computer's main microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit (CPU).
    • Examples of hardware include:
      • Embedded computers (digital devices that accept input, process data, and provide output, such as digital watches)
      • Servers (computer systems that share resources with multiple users, also referred to as host computers)
      • Supercomputers (the most powerful type of computer, used for complex data processing)

    Computer Storage

    • A bit is the basic unit of digital data storage, representing a single binary digit.
    • A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of 8 bits.
    • Units of storage include:
      • Kilobyte (KB): approximately 1,000 bytes
      • Megabyte (MB): approximately 1,000 kilobytes
      • Gigabyte (GB): approximately 1 billion bytes
      • Terabyte (TB): approximately 1 trillion bytes
    • Cloud storage refers to saving files on remote servers accessed over the internet.
    • Solid-state drives (SSDs) are electronic storage devices that use integrated circuits to store data.

    Network, Internet, and Cloud

    • The Internet refers to the global network of interconnected computers and servers.
    • Data is transferred over the Internet in packets, which contain addressing information and data.
    • Internet protocols include:
      • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
      • Packet switching (used to transfer data between hosts)
    • Internet bandwidth refers to the volume of data that can be transmitted over the Internet in a given amount of time.
    • Fiber-optic cable is a high-bandwidth transmission medium that uses light to transmit data.

    Online Services

    • Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the process of transferring funds electronically, using computers and various technologies.
    • Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the electronic communication of business-oriented transactions and information between organizations.
    • E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet.
    • Types of e-commerce include:
      • Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
      • Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
      • Business-to-Business (B2B)

    Cybersecurity

    • Cybersecurity refers to the protection of computer systems and networks from unauthorized access and malicious attacks.
    • Types of cyber threats include:
      • Malware (malicious software designed to harm a computer system)
      • Phishing (cybercrime in which scammers trick victims into revealing personal information)
      • Ransomware (type of malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom payment)
    • Cybersecurity measures include:
      • Firewalls
      • Encryption
      • Antivirus software

    Computer Programming

    • Programming is the process of converting a task into commands that a computer can execute.
    • The programming development life cycle (PDLC) includes:
      • Problem definition
      • Planning (creating a plan or algorithm)
      • Coding (translating the plan into programming language)
      • Testing and debugging
    • Popular programming languages include:
      • Java
      • JavaScript
      • HTML
      • C

    Databases

    • A database is a collection of related data that can be sorted, organized, and searched.
    • A database management system (DBMS) is a software that maximizes the benefits of a database.
    • Types of databases include:
      • Relational databases (use fields to create links between tables)
      • Data mining (research and analysis technique to discover patterns and trends in large datasets)

    Data Analytics

    • Descriptive analytics is the process of investigating raw data to uncover trends and correlations.
    • Data analytics is the process of using data to answer questions and solve problems.
    • Uses of data analytics include:
      • Improved decision-making
      • Improved customer service
      • Improved patient experiences and internal procedures in healthcare

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    • AI is the study and application of processes that combine computer and data science to enable computer-assisted or automated problem-solving.
    • Types of AI include:
      • Neural networks (method of deep learning that teaches computers to process data like the human brain)
      • Machine learning (type of AI that enables computers to learn from data)
    • AI bias refers to the variance in output provided by AI algorithms, which can result from cognitive bias or incomplete data.

    Other Key Concepts

    • Intellectual property refers to the legal rights to creative works, such as copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
    • Ethics in technology refers to the moral principles and values that guide the use of technology.
    • Netiquette refers to the code of polite behavior when using the internet.
    • Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.

    Computer Input

    • Augmented reality (AR) integrates digital information with the user's environment in real-time.
    • Examples of input devices include:
      • Controllers
      • Point-of-sale devices
      • Biometrics (using human traits for identification, such as fingerprints, facial bone structure, and speech recognition)
      • Barcode scanners
    • Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless technology with a short transmission range, used in devices like smartphones, tablets, and home appliances.

    Computer Output

    • Monitor resolution refers to the number of pixels a screen can display, with higher resolutions indicating better image quality.

    Computer Hardware

    • The physical parts of a computer system are referred to as hardware.
    • The motherboard is the circuit board that holds the computer's main microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit (CPU).
    • Examples of hardware include:
      • Embedded computers (digital devices that accept input, process data, and provide output, such as digital watches)
      • Servers (computer systems that share resources with multiple users, also referred to as host computers)
      • Supercomputers (the most powerful type of computer, used for complex data processing)

    Computer Storage

    • A bit is the basic unit of digital data storage, representing a single binary digit.
    • A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of 8 bits.
    • Units of storage include:
      • Kilobyte (KB): approximately 1,000 bytes
      • Megabyte (MB): approximately 1,000 kilobytes
      • Gigabyte (GB): approximately 1 billion bytes
      • Terabyte (TB): approximately 1 trillion bytes
    • Cloud storage refers to saving files on remote servers accessed over the internet.
    • Solid-state drives (SSDs) are electronic storage devices that use integrated circuits to store data.

    Network, Internet, and Cloud

    • The Internet refers to the global network of interconnected computers and servers.
    • Data is transferred over the Internet in packets, which contain addressing information and data.
    • Internet protocols include:
      • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
      • Packet switching (used to transfer data between hosts)
    • Internet bandwidth refers to the volume of data that can be transmitted over the Internet in a given amount of time.
    • Fiber-optic cable is a high-bandwidth transmission medium that uses light to transmit data.

    Online Services

    • Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the process of transferring funds electronically, using computers and various technologies.
    • Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the electronic communication of business-oriented transactions and information between organizations.
    • E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet.
    • Types of e-commerce include:
      • Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
      • Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
      • Business-to-Business (B2B)

    Cybersecurity

    • Cybersecurity refers to the protection of computer systems and networks from unauthorized access and malicious attacks.
    • Types of cyber threats include:
      • Malware (malicious software designed to harm a computer system)
      • Phishing (cybercrime in which scammers trick victims into revealing personal information)
      • Ransomware (type of malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom payment)
    • Cybersecurity measures include:
      • Firewalls
      • Encryption
      • Antivirus software

    Computer Programming

    • Programming is the process of converting a task into commands that a computer can execute.
    • The programming development life cycle (PDLC) includes:
      • Problem definition
      • Planning (creating a plan or algorithm)
      • Coding (translating the plan into programming language)
      • Testing and debugging
    • Popular programming languages include:
      • Java
      • JavaScript
      • HTML
      • C

    Databases

    • A database is a collection of related data that can be sorted, organized, and searched.
    • A database management system (DBMS) is a software that maximizes the benefits of a database.
    • Types of databases include:
      • Relational databases (use fields to create links between tables)
      • Data mining (research and analysis technique to discover patterns and trends in large datasets)

    Data Analytics

    • Descriptive analytics is the process of investigating raw data to uncover trends and correlations.
    • Data analytics is the process of using data to answer questions and solve problems.
    • Uses of data analytics include:
      • Improved decision-making
      • Improved customer service
      • Improved patient experiences and internal procedures in healthcare

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    • AI is the study and application of processes that combine computer and data science to enable computer-assisted or automated problem-solving.
    • Types of AI include:
      • Neural networks (method of deep learning that teaches computers to process data like the human brain)
      • Machine learning (type of AI that enables computers to learn from data)
    • AI bias refers to the variance in output provided by AI algorithms, which can result from cognitive bias or incomplete data.

    Other Key Concepts

    • Intellectual property refers to the legal rights to creative works, such as copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
    • Ethics in technology refers to the moral principles and values that guide the use of technology.
    • Netiquette refers to the code of polite behavior when using the internet.
    • Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.

    Cybersecurity

    • Malware: malicious software designed to harm a computer system
    • Phishing: a cybercrime in which scammers trick victims into revealing personal information
    • Ransomware: a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key
    • Cyberattack: a deliberate misuse of computers and networks via the Internet that uses malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network
    • Cybercrime: a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used to commit a criminal offense

    Computer Hardware

    • UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): a device that provides emergency power to a computer system in the event of a power outage
    • Surge protector: an electrical device that protects electronics from voltage spikes
    • Motherboard: the circuit board that holds the computer's main microprocessor
    • Processor (CPU): the brain of the computer where most calculations take place
    • RAM (Random Access Memory): a type of memory found on the motherboard of a digital device
    • Universal Serial Bus (USB): a type of interface that enables communication between digital devices
    • Bluetooth: a short-distance wireless communication technology that uses short-wavelength radio waves to transfer data

    Internet and Networking

    • Cloud storage: a type of computer data storage where data is stored in logical pools, servers are typically owned and managed by a data hosting company
    • BitTorrent: a protocol that allows users to share large files over the Internet
    • Wi-Fi: uses the 802.11 protocol to ensure that devices enabled with Wi-Fi can connect to any Wi-Fi network
    • HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: data is transferred from one network to another network through hardware called routers
    • Domain names and IP addresses on the Internet are managed by the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
    • Bandwidth: the volume of data that can be carried on an Internet transmission media in an amount of time
    • Broadband: a high-speed Internet connection that is always on

    Data Storage and Management

    • Bit: the basic unit of digital data storage
    • Byte: a unit of digital information that commonly consists of 8 bits
    • Kilobyte (KB): a unit of storage that consists of approximately 1,000 bytes
    • Megabyte (MB): equal to 1,000 kilobytes
    • Gigabyte (GB): a unit of digital information that consists of one billion bytes
    • Terabyte: a unit of digital data that consists of approximately one trillion bytes
    • Cloud computing: the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data

    Computer Programming

    • Programming: converting a task into commands that a computer can use to perform the task
    • PDLC: the process of defining a problem, creating a plan or algorithm, translating the plan into code, and testing and debugging the code
    • Classes and objects: categories of inputs and examples of the input items used in each class
    • Generation of a programming language: the level of complexity of the programming language, or the degree from which it is separated from machine language itself
    • Common programming languages: Java, Python, C++, JavaScript, HTML
    • Database Management System (DBMS): a system that maximizes the benefits a database can provide
    • Database: a collection of related data that can be sorted, logically organized, searched, and stored

    Artificial Intelligence

    • AI: the study and application of processes that combine computer and data science to enable computer-assisted or automated problem-solving
    • Deep learning: a type of machine learning process that uses neural networks
    • Neural networks: a method in artificial intelligence that teaches computers to process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain
    • AI bias: the variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms
    • Cognitive bias: conscious or unconscious errors in cognition that impact an individual's judgments, assumptions, and decision making

    Other Topics

    • Ergonomics: the study of designing workplaces, tools, and products to minimize physical strain and optimize human well-being
    • Ethical issues with social media: concerns about the potential for social media to spread misinformation, privacy violations, and addiction
    • Footprint: a record of a person's activity online, which can be used to track their movements and interests
    • LinkedIn: a social networking platform for professionals
    • Netiquette: the code of polite behavior when using the internet
    • Piracy: the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted software or other digital media
    • Virtual Reality (VR): a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way

    Cybersecurity Threats

    • Malware is designed to harm a computer system
    • Phishing is a cybercrime where scammers trick victims into revealing personal information
    • Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key
    • A virus is a type of malware that self-replicates and spreads from one computer to another

    Computer Hardware and Power

    • UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) provides emergency power to a computer system in the event of a power outage
    • A surge protector is an electrical device that protects electronics from voltage spikes

    Intellectual Property and Licensing

    • Copyright grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its reproduction, distribution, and derivative works
    • Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization that enables creators to grant others permission to use their creative work under certain conditions
    • A software license is a legal agreement that specifies the terms of use for a software program

    Computer Systems and Networking

    • IoT (Internet of Things) is a network of physical devices embedded with software, sensors, and other technologies that allows them to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet
    • VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology encrypts internet traffic and routes it through a remote server, making online activity private
    • Linux is an open-source operating system widely used on servers, desktops, and mobile devices
    • Open-source software is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute

    Computer Software and Programming

    • A compiler is a computer program that translates code written in a programming language into machine code that can be executed by a computer
    • Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in code
    • Common programming languages include Java, Python, C++, JavaScript, etc.

    Productivity Tools and Technology

    • A spreadsheet is a computer program used to organize data in rows and columns
    • 3D Printing is a process of creating three-dimensional objects from a digital file
    • A 3D Printer is a machine that uses a digital file to create three-dimensional objects
    • Tethering is the practice of using a mobile device to provide internet access to a computer

    Professional Online Presence and Etiquette

    • LinkedIn is a social networking platform for professionals that allows users to connect with colleagues, find jobs, and learn about new industries
    • Netiquette is the code of polite behavior when using the internet
    • Social Media Business Email Etiquette is the proper way to communicate with others in a professional setting on social media platforms

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    This quiz tests your understanding of computer input devices and technologies, including augmented reality, biometrics, and near field communication.

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