Computer Science - I Overview

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Questions and Answers

Linux is a _____ software.

Private
Public domain
Paid
Free (correct)

Data items that are divided into sub items are called as ______.

Arrays
Elementary items (correct)
Group items
Notes

In the declaration `float *ptr;`, the data type of `ptr` is _ and the data type of the variable pointed to by `ptr` is __.

float, int
float, float
pointer, float (correct)
int, float

The HTML tag used to write the definition list ______.

<DL> (C)

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What is Memory Management? What are the services provided under it?

<p>Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory. Services provided include allocation, deallocation, protection, and sharing of memory.</p>

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What is a pointer in C++? Give suitable example.

<p>A pointer in C++ is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. For example, <code>int *ptr = &num;</code> declares a pointer variable <code>ptr</code> that stores the memory address of the integer variable <code>num</code>.</p>

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Write advantages and disadvantages of HTML.

<p>Advantages of HTML include ease of understanding, easy installation, and widespread compatibility. Disadvantages include limited functionality, lack of dynamic behavior, and not a programming language by definition.</p>

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What are Pointer Arrays? Explain giving an example.

<p>A pointer array is an array that stores the memory addresses of other variables, which can be of various data types. For example, <code>int *arr[5];</code> declares a pointer array <code>arr</code> of size 5 that can hold addresses of integer variables.</p>

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What is traversing an Array? Give the algorithm for Traversing of Linear Array.

<p>Traversing an array means accessing and processing each element of the array one by one. The algorithm for traversing a linear array involves iterating through each element using a loop.</p>

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What are different attributes of the `body` tag in HTML?

<p>The <code>body</code> tag defines the content of an HTML document, and its attributes include <code>style</code>, <code>onload</code>, and <code>onunload</code>, which are event handlers, as well as <code>bgcolor</code>, <code>background</code>, and <code>text</code>, which define the visual appearance of the content.</p>

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What is a Class in C++? Explain the general form of the Class Declaration.

<p>A class in C++ is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the data members (attributes) and member functions (methods) that an object of that class can have. The general form of a class declaration is:</p> <p><code>class ClassName { // data members // member functions };</code></p>

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What are the different methods by which a virus can infect other programs?

<p>Viruses can infect programs through various methods, including attaching to executable files, using social engineering techniques to trick users into executing malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems or software, and spreading through network connections or removable media.</p>

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Write two features of each of the following data structures: Record, Array, and Linked List.

<p>A <strong>record</strong> is a collection of related data items stored together. Features include flexible structure and ability to store various data types.</p> <p>An <strong>array</strong> is a linear data structure that stores a fixed number of elements of the same data type. Features include constant access time and efficiency for random access.</p> <p>A <strong>linked list</strong> is a linear data structure where elements are dynamically linked through pointers. Features include dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion and deletion.</p>

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Write a short note on inline function.

<p>An inline function is a function whose code is substituted directly at the point of call instead of creating a separate function call. This optimization can improve performance by reducing overhead related to function calls.</p>

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What are `COLSPAN` and `ROWSPAN` attributes?

<p>In HTML tables, <code>COLSPAN</code> and <code>ROWSPAN</code> attributes allow cells to span multiple columns and rows, respectively. <code>COLSPAN</code> merges a cell horizontally across multiple columns, while <code>ROWSPAN</code> merges a cell vertically across multiple rows.</p>

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Explain three types of control structures used for flow of control.

<p>Three common types of control structures are sequential, selection, and iteration.</p> <p>Sequential structures execute statements one after another.</p> <p>Selection structures, such as <code>if</code> statements and <code>switch</code> statements, allow for branching based on conditions.</p> <p>Iteration structures, like <code>for</code> loops and <code>while</code> loops, repeat a block of code until a certain condition is met.</p>

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Give the basic structure of an HTML program. State its advantages and disadvantages.

<p>The basic structure of an HTML program is:</p> <pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> </head> <body> </body> </html> </code></pre> <p>Advantages: Easy to learn and use, widely supported, consistent across browsers, and focuses on content presentation. Disadvantages: Limited functionality, cannot handle complex logic or data manipulation, and requires additional technologies for dynamic web development.</p>

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What is a file system? List and explain types of file systems used in OS.

<p>A file system is a logical organization of data on a storage device, allowing for efficient storage, retrieval, and management of files. Common types include FAT, NTFS, ext2, and ext4, each with different features and strengths.</p>

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Write the size in bytes of the following data types: `float`, `double`, `short int`, `unsigned int`, `long double`, and `char`.

<p>The size of data types can vary slightly across compilers and platforms. However, here are the typical sizes in bytes:</p> <p><code>float</code>: 4 bytes</p> <p><code>double</code>: 8 bytes</p> <p><code>short int</code>: 2 bytes</p> <p><code>unsigned int</code>: 4 bytes</p> <p><code>long double</code>: 16 bytes</p> <p><code>char</code>: 1 byte</p>

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What is an object? Describe how members of a class can be accessed using an object of that class.

<p>An object is an instance of a class, representing a real-world entity. Members of a class can be accessed using the dot operator (<code>.</code>) with the object name. For example, <code>objectName.memberName</code> Accesses <code>memberName</code> within the <code>objectName</code>.</p>

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What is process scheduling? Explain scheduling objectives.

<p>Process scheduling manages the execution of multiple processes by allocating CPU time to running processes. Objectives include maximizing CPU utilization, minimizing response time, and ensuring fairness.</p>

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Explain Bubble sort algorithm with suitable example.

<p>Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Example:</p> <ol> <li>Start with the first element and compare it with the next element.</li> <li>If the first element is greater than the second, swap them.</li> <li>Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all adjacent elements in the list.</li> <li>After the first pass, the largest element will be at the end of the list.</li> <li>Repeat steps 1-4 for the remaining elements in the list, reducing the number of elements to be sorted in each iteration.</li> <li>Continue until the entire list is sorted.</li> </ol>

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Write a C++ program to accept a set of 10 numbers and print the numbers using pointers.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int numbers[10]; int *ptr = numbers; cout << "Enter 10 numbers:" << endl; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { cin >> *ptr; ptr++; } cout << "Numbers using pointers:" << endl; ptr = numbers; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { cout << *ptr << " "; ptr++; } return 0; } </code></pre>

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Write a C++ program to accept a string from the user and reverse the string.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { string str; cout << "Enter a string: "; cin >> str; string reversedStr = string(str.rbegin(), str.rend()); cout << "Reversed string: " << reversedStr << endl; return 0; } </code></pre>

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Write HTML code for a webpage displaying the following table:

City High Low Wing

Mumbai 33 24 West

Pune 34 25 South

Latur 32 20 South

City	High	Low	Wing
Mumbai	33	24	West
Pune	34	25	South
Latur	32	20	South

<pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Yesterday's Weather</title> </head> <body> <h1>Yesterday's Weather</h1> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>City</th> <th>High</th> <th>Low</th> <th>Wing</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Mumbai</td> <td>33</td> <td>24</td> <td>West</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pune</td> <td>34</td> <td>25</td> <td>South</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Latur</td> <td>32</td> <td>20</td> <td>South</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html> </code></pre>

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Write a program in C++ to read a line of text and count the number of words in a text.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { string text; cout << "Enter a line of text: "; getline(cin, text); int wordCount = 0; bool inWord = false; for (char ch : text) { if (isspace(ch)) { inWord = false; } else if (!inWord) { wordCount++; inWord = true; } } cout << "Number of words: " << wordCount << endl; return 0; } </code></pre>

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Write a program in C++ to find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { sum += i; } cout << "Sum of the first 100 natural numbers: " << sum << endl; return 0; } </code></pre>

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Write HTML code for the following table:

Ind Eng Yuvraj Sehwag Peterson Bopara IND Win I ODI by

387 238 183* 83 58 49 149

Ind	Eng	Yuvraj	Sehwag	Peterson	Bopara	IND Win I ODI by
387	238	183*	83	58	49	149

<pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Match Summary</title> </head> <body> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Ind</th> <th>Eng</th> <th>Yuvraj</th> <th>Sehwag</th> <th>Peterson</th> <th>Bopara</th> <th>IND Win I ODI by</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>387</td> <td>238</td> <td>183*</td> <td>83</td> <td>58</td> <td>49</td> <td>149</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html> </code></pre>

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Flashcards

String

A sequence of characters that form a unit of text.

Array

Data items organized in a sequence, accessible by their position in the sequence.