Computer Science - I Overview

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<p>Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory. Services provided include allocation, deallocation, protection, and sharing of memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pointer in C++ is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. For example, <code>int *ptr = &amp;num;</code> declares a pointer variable <code>ptr</code> that stores the memory address of the integer variable <code>num</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages of HTML include ease of understanding, easy installation, and widespread compatibility. Disadvantages include limited functionality, lack of dynamic behavior, and not a programming language by definition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pointer array is an array that stores the memory addresses of other variables, which can be of various data types. For example, <code>int *arr[5];</code> declares a pointer array <code>arr</code> of size 5 that can hold addresses of integer variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traversing an array means accessing and processing each element of the array one by one. The algorithm for traversing a linear array involves iterating through each element using a loop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>body</code> tag defines the content of an HTML document, and its attributes include <code>style</code>, <code>onload</code>, and <code>onunload</code>, which are event handlers, as well as <code>bgcolor</code>, <code>background</code>, and <code>text</code>, which define the visual appearance of the content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A class in C++ is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the data members (attributes) and member functions (methods) that an object of that class can have. The general form of a class declaration is:</p> <p><code>class ClassName { // data members // member functions };</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses can infect programs through various methods, including attaching to executable files, using social engineering techniques to trick users into executing malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems or software, and spreading through network connections or removable media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A <strong>record</strong> is a collection of related data items stored together. Features include flexible structure and ability to store various data types.</p> <p>An <strong>array</strong> is a linear data structure that stores a fixed number of elements of the same data type. Features include constant access time and efficiency for random access.</p> <p>A <strong>linked list</strong> is a linear data structure where elements are dynamically linked through pointers. Features include dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion and deletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inline function is a function whose code is substituted directly at the point of call instead of creating a separate function call. This optimization can improve performance by reducing overhead related to function calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In HTML tables, <code>COLSPAN</code> and <code>ROWSPAN</code> attributes allow cells to span multiple columns and rows, respectively. <code>COLSPAN</code> merges a cell horizontally across multiple columns, while <code>ROWSPAN</code> merges a cell vertically across multiple rows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three common types of control structures are sequential, selection, and iteration.</p> <p>Sequential structures execute statements one after another.</p> <p>Selection structures, such as <code>if</code> statements and <code>switch</code> statements, allow for branching based on conditions.</p> <p>Iteration structures, like <code>for</code> loops and <code>while</code> loops, repeat a block of code until a certain condition is met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic structure of an HTML program is:</p> <pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt; </code></pre> <p>Advantages: Easy to learn and use, widely supported, consistent across browsers, and focuses on content presentation. Disadvantages: Limited functionality, cannot handle complex logic or data manipulation, and requires additional technologies for dynamic web development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A file system is a logical organization of data on a storage device, allowing for efficient storage, retrieval, and management of files. Common types include FAT, NTFS, ext2, and ext4, each with different features and strengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of data types can vary slightly across compilers and platforms. However, here are the typical sizes in bytes:</p> <p><code>float</code>: 4 bytes</p> <p><code>double</code>: 8 bytes</p> <p><code>short int</code>: 2 bytes</p> <p><code>unsigned int</code>: 4 bytes</p> <p><code>long double</code>: 16 bytes</p> <p><code>char</code>: 1 byte</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An object is an instance of a class, representing a real-world entity. Members of a class can be accessed using the dot operator (<code>.</code>) with the object name. For example, <code>objectName.memberName</code> Accesses <code>memberName</code> within the <code>objectName</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process scheduling manages the execution of multiple processes by allocating CPU time to running processes. Objectives include maximizing CPU utilization, minimizing response time, and ensuring fairness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Example:</p> <ol> <li>Start with the first element and compare it with the next element.</li> <li>If the first element is greater than the second, swap them.</li> <li>Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all adjacent elements in the list.</li> <li>After the first pass, the largest element will be at the end of the list.</li> <li>Repeat steps 1-4 for the remaining elements in the list, reducing the number of elements to be sorted in each iteration.</li> <li>Continue until the entire list is sorted.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; using namespace std; int main() { int numbers[10]; int *ptr = numbers; cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Enter 10 numbers:&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++) { cin &gt;&gt; *ptr; ptr++; } cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Numbers using pointers:&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; ptr = numbers; for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++) { cout &lt;&lt; *ptr &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot;; ptr++; } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; #include &lt;string&gt; using namespace std; int main() { string str; cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Enter a string: &quot;; cin &gt;&gt; str; string reversedStr = string(str.rbegin(), str.rend()); cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Reversed string: &quot; &lt;&lt; reversedStr &lt;&lt; endl; return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt;Yesterday's Weather&lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body&gt; &lt;h1&gt;Yesterday's Weather&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;table&gt; &lt;thead&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt;City&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;High&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Low&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Wing&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/thead&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Mumbai&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;24&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;West&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Pune&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;South&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Latur&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;32&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;South&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt; </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; #include &lt;string&gt; using namespace std; int main() { string text; cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Enter a line of text: &quot;; getline(cin, text); int wordCount = 0; bool inWord = false; for (char ch : text) { if (isspace(ch)) { inWord = false; } else if (!inWord) { wordCount++; inWord = true; } } cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Number of words: &quot; &lt;&lt; wordCount &lt;&lt; endl; return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; using namespace std; int main() { int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i &lt;= 100; i++) { sum += i; } cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Sum of the first 100 natural numbers: &quot; &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; endl; return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt;Match Summary&lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body&gt; &lt;table&gt; &lt;thead&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt;Ind&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Eng&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Yuvraj&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Sehwag&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Peterson&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Bopara&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;IND Win I ODI by&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/thead&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;387&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;238&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;183*&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;83&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;58&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;49&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;149&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt; </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers