Computer Science - I Overview

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Questions and Answers

Linux is a _____ software.

  • Private
  • Public domain
  • Paid
  • Free (correct)

Data items that are divided into sub items are called as ______.

  • Arrays
  • Elementary items (correct)
  • Group items
  • Notes

In the declaration float *ptr;, the data type of ptr is _____ and the data type of the variable pointed to by ptr is ______.

  • float, int
  • float, float
  • pointer, float (correct)
  • int, float

The HTML tag used to write the definition list ______.

<DL> (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is Memory Management? What are the services provided under it?

<p>Memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory. Services provided include allocation, deallocation, protection, and sharing of memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pointer in C++? Give suitable example.

<p>A pointer in C++ is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. For example, <code>int *ptr = &amp;num;</code> declares a pointer variable <code>ptr</code> that stores the memory address of the integer variable <code>num</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write advantages and disadvantages of HTML.

<p>Advantages of HTML include ease of understanding, easy installation, and widespread compatibility. Disadvantages include limited functionality, lack of dynamic behavior, and not a programming language by definition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Pointer Arrays? Explain giving an example.

<p>A pointer array is an array that stores the memory addresses of other variables, which can be of various data types. For example, <code>int *arr[5];</code> declares a pointer array <code>arr</code> of size 5 that can hold addresses of integer variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is traversing an Array? Give the algorithm for Traversing of Linear Array.

<p>Traversing an array means accessing and processing each element of the array one by one. The algorithm for traversing a linear array involves iterating through each element using a loop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are different attributes of the body tag in HTML?

<p>The <code>body</code> tag defines the content of an HTML document, and its attributes include <code>style</code>, <code>onload</code>, and <code>onunload</code>, which are event handlers, as well as <code>bgcolor</code>, <code>background</code>, and <code>text</code>, which define the visual appearance of the content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Class in C++? Explain the general form of the Class Declaration.

<p>A class in C++ is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the data members (attributes) and member functions (methods) that an object of that class can have. The general form of a class declaration is:</p> <p><code>class ClassName { // data members // member functions };</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different methods by which a virus can infect other programs?

<p>Viruses can infect programs through various methods, including attaching to executable files, using social engineering techniques to trick users into executing malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems or software, and spreading through network connections or removable media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write two features of each of the following data structures: Record, Array, and Linked List.

<p>A <strong>record</strong> is a collection of related data items stored together. Features include flexible structure and ability to store various data types.</p> <p>An <strong>array</strong> is a linear data structure that stores a fixed number of elements of the same data type. Features include constant access time and efficiency for random access.</p> <p>A <strong>linked list</strong> is a linear data structure where elements are dynamically linked through pointers. Features include dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion and deletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a short note on inline function.

<p>An inline function is a function whose code is substituted directly at the point of call instead of creating a separate function call. This optimization can improve performance by reducing overhead related to function calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are COLSPAN and ROWSPAN attributes?

<p>In HTML tables, <code>COLSPAN</code> and <code>ROWSPAN</code> attributes allow cells to span multiple columns and rows, respectively. <code>COLSPAN</code> merges a cell horizontally across multiple columns, while <code>ROWSPAN</code> merges a cell vertically across multiple rows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain three types of control structures used for flow of control.

<p>Three common types of control structures are sequential, selection, and iteration.</p> <p>Sequential structures execute statements one after another.</p> <p>Selection structures, such as <code>if</code> statements and <code>switch</code> statements, allow for branching based on conditions.</p> <p>Iteration structures, like <code>for</code> loops and <code>while</code> loops, repeat a block of code until a certain condition is met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the basic structure of an HTML program. State its advantages and disadvantages.

<p>The basic structure of an HTML program is:</p> <pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt; </code></pre> <p>Advantages: Easy to learn and use, widely supported, consistent across browsers, and focuses on content presentation. Disadvantages: Limited functionality, cannot handle complex logic or data manipulation, and requires additional technologies for dynamic web development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a file system? List and explain types of file systems used in OS.

<p>A file system is a logical organization of data on a storage device, allowing for efficient storage, retrieval, and management of files. Common types include FAT, NTFS, ext2, and ext4, each with different features and strengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the size in bytes of the following data types: float, double, short int, unsigned int, long double, and char.

<p>The size of data types can vary slightly across compilers and platforms. However, here are the typical sizes in bytes:</p> <p><code>float</code>: 4 bytes</p> <p><code>double</code>: 8 bytes</p> <p><code>short int</code>: 2 bytes</p> <p><code>unsigned int</code>: 4 bytes</p> <p><code>long double</code>: 16 bytes</p> <p><code>char</code>: 1 byte</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an object? Describe how members of a class can be accessed using an object of that class.

<p>An object is an instance of a class, representing a real-world entity. Members of a class can be accessed using the dot operator (<code>.</code>) with the object name. For example, <code>objectName.memberName</code> Accesses <code>memberName</code> within the <code>objectName</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is process scheduling? Explain scheduling objectives.

<p>Process scheduling manages the execution of multiple processes by allocating CPU time to running processes. Objectives include maximizing CPU utilization, minimizing response time, and ensuring fairness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Bubble sort algorithm with suitable example.

<p>Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Example:</p> <ol> <li>Start with the first element and compare it with the next element.</li> <li>If the first element is greater than the second, swap them.</li> <li>Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all adjacent elements in the list.</li> <li>After the first pass, the largest element will be at the end of the list.</li> <li>Repeat steps 1-4 for the remaining elements in the list, reducing the number of elements to be sorted in each iteration.</li> <li>Continue until the entire list is sorted.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Write a C++ program to accept a set of 10 numbers and print the numbers using pointers.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; using namespace std; int main() { int numbers[10]; int *ptr = numbers; cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Enter 10 numbers:&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++) { cin &gt;&gt; *ptr; ptr++; } cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Numbers using pointers:&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; ptr = numbers; for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++) { cout &lt;&lt; *ptr &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot;; ptr++; } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a C++ program to accept a string from the user and reverse the string.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; #include &lt;string&gt; using namespace std; int main() { string str; cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Enter a string: &quot;; cin &gt;&gt; str; string reversedStr = string(str.rbegin(), str.rend()); cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Reversed string: &quot; &lt;&lt; reversedStr &lt;&lt; endl; return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write HTML code for a webpage displaying the following table:

City High Low Wing
Mumbai 33 24 West
Pune 34 25 South
Latur 32 20 South

<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt;Yesterday's Weather&lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body&gt; &lt;h1&gt;Yesterday's Weather&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;table&gt; &lt;thead&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt;City&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;High&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Low&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Wing&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/thead&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Mumbai&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;33&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;24&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;West&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Pune&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;34&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;South&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Latur&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;32&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;South&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt; </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a program in C++ to read a line of text and count the number of words in a text.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; #include &lt;string&gt; using namespace std; int main() { string text; cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Enter a line of text: &quot;; getline(cin, text); int wordCount = 0; bool inWord = false; for (char ch : text) { if (isspace(ch)) { inWord = false; } else if (!inWord) { wordCount++; inWord = true; } } cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Number of words: &quot; &lt;&lt; wordCount &lt;&lt; endl; return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a program in C++ to find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers.

<pre><code class="language-cpp">#include &lt;iostream&gt; using namespace std; int main() { int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i &lt;= 100; i++) { sum += i; } cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Sum of the first 100 natural numbers: &quot; &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; endl; return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write HTML code for the following table:

Ind Eng Yuvraj Sehwag Peterson Bopara IND Win I ODI by
387 238 183* 83 58 49 149

<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt;Match Summary&lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body&gt; &lt;table&gt; &lt;thead&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt;Ind&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Eng&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Yuvraj&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Sehwag&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Peterson&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;Bopara&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th&gt;IND Win I ODI by&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/thead&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;387&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;238&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;183*&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;83&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;58&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;49&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;149&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt; </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

String

A sequence of characters that form a unit of text.

Array

Data items organized in a sequence, accessible by their position in the sequence.

Pointer

A variable that holds a memory address, allowing indirect access to data.

Class

A programming construct that defines a set of data and functions for an object.

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Inline Function

A function that is executed at the point where it is called, instead of being invoked separately.

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Memory Management

A system that manages the allocation and deallocation of memory for programs.

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Object

A collection of data and functions that are grouped together to represent a real-world concept.

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Process Scheduling

A process that involves selecting and executing processes from the ready queue to allocate CPU time.

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Bubble Sort Algorithm

A method to sort an array by repeatedly comparing adjacent elements and swapping them if they are in the wrong order.

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File System

A system that organizes and manages files and directories within a computer.

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Record

A data structure that allows you to represent a group of related data items, similar to a row in a table.

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Linear Array

A linked list that allows you to traverse through its elements in a specific order.

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Linked List

A structured data type that allows you to create linked lists, and it's used for dynamic memory allocation.

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Pointer Array

A group of pointers that are arranged together in a sequence.

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Traversing an Array

The process of accessing and examining each element in an array, step by step.

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Reading from a File

A method to read data from a file and use it in a program.

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Writing to a File

A method to write data to a file for storage purposes.

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Reversing a String

A method to reverse the order of characters in a string.

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Body Tag

HTML's main content section, where most of the page's visible elements are placed.

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COLSPAN Attribute

An attribute that allows you to specify the number of columns a cell should span in a table.

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ROWSPAN Attribute

An attribute that allows you to specify the number of rows a cell should span in a table.

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Control Structure

A method for controlling the flow of execution in a program, allowing you to execute different sections of code depending on certain conditions.

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Loop

A type of control structure that repeats a block of code a specified number of times

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Conditional Statement

A type of control structure that allows you to execute one block of code if a condition is true, and a different block of code if the condition is false.

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Sequential Structure

A type of control structure that allows you to execute a block of code only once, usually at the beginning of a program.

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HTML

A language used to create web pages, using tags to define the structure and content of a webpage.

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Operating System

A software that operates between user applications and hardware, managing and providing services to applications.

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Virus

A program that self-replicates and spreads from one program to another via various methods, like file sharing or email attachments.

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Trojan Horse

A program that disguises itself as a legitimate program to gain access to a system.

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File Attachment

A method used by viruses to spread by attaching themselves to other programs.

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Exploiting Vulnerabilities

A method used by viruses to spread by exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems or software applications.

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Email or Instant Messaging

A method used by viruses to spread by sending themselves through emails or instant messages.

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Study Notes

Computer Science - I

  • Linux is a public domain software.
  • Data items divided into sub-items are called elementary items.
  • In float *ptr declaration, the data type of ptr is float and the data type of the variable pointed to by ptr is also float.

Memory Management

  • Memory management involves services provided to manage memory.
  • A pointer in C++ is a variable that holds the memory address of another variable.

Pointer Arrays

  • Pointer arrays are arrays of pointers.

Traversing an Array

  • The process of accessing each element of an array one by one is array traversing. Algorithm exists to traverse arrays.

HTML Body Tag Attributes

  • HTML body tags have attributes.

Classes

  • Classes are used for object-oriented programming(OOP).

Virus Infection Methods

  • Viruses can infect programs in various ways.

Data Structures

  • Records, arrays, and linked lists are data structures.

Inline Functions

  • Inline functions enhance code efficiency.

COLSPAN and ROWSPAN Attributes

  • HTML attributes for controlling column and row spans in tables.

Control Structures

  • Control structures like loops(for, while) and conditional statements(if/else) form the flow of control in most programs

HTML Program Structure

  • The HTML program structure includes elements like , .
  • Advantages and disadvantages of HTML programming are present.

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