Computer Science Fundamentals Quiz

Secondary memory, also known as auxiliary memory, is a type of storage that is not directly accessible by the CPU. It is used to store data and programs for long-term use, acting as a backup for primary memory.

Examples of secondary memory include magnetic disks (hard drives), optical disks (CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray disks), and magnetic tapes.

Computers have become ubiquitous in various aspects of life, acting as tools for accessing information, performing tasks, and providing entertainment.

Computers have had a significant impact on education, enabling educators to prepare lecture materials, develop online training programs, and conduct online examinations.

Computers play a major role in entertainment by providing access to movies, games, and music. They are also used for creating and sharing multimedia content.

Computers are used in sports for watching games, viewing scores, game improvement, and player training. They are also used to create and play sports-related games.

Computers are a powerful advertising medium, allowing businesses to display advertisements on websites, send emails, and post reviews.

Google's business model relies heavily on web advertising, demonstrating the significant role of computers in online marketing.

A type of computer designed for individual use, characterized by its small size, low cost, and standalone operation. Examples include desktop computers, laptops, and smartphones.

A computer system that handles multiple users simultaneously and has a greater processing power and storage capacity compared to microcomputers.

A powerful computer system used for large-scale data processing, managing multiple users, and handling complex tasks like centralized databases.

The most powerful and expensive type of computer, capable of performing trillions of calculations per second. Used for demanding tasks like scientific research and weather forecasting.

The brain of a computer that controls data processing and coordinates other components. Consists of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Registers

It refers to a computer's inner structure and how its components work together, including how data is processed and instructions are executed.

It focuses on how the hardware components are arranged and connected, like the motherboard, CPU, and memory.

It centers on the physical design of the computer, choosing specific components like processors, memory chips, and connecting them properly.

It refers to the processing unit within a computer responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It acts as the brain of the computer.

It is a temporary storage space within the CPU used to hold data and instructions that are currently being processed. It's responsible for quick access during processing.

It is the primary memory in a computer, used to store data and instructions that are actively being used by the CPU. It's known for its high speed and access.

It is a special type of memory that acts as a high-speed buffer between the CPU and the primary memory. It stores frequently accessed data for faster retrieval.

RAM is a type of memory that the CPU directly accesses for data and instructions. It's fast but limited in storage capacity, relying on high cost per bit.

Examples of secondary memory include hard disk drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), and optical drives (CD, DVD, Blu-ray).

A computer instruction is a command telling the processor to perform a specific action. It's like a recipe for the CPU to follow.

An instruction format specifies how each instruction is structured. Common fields include operation code (opcode) and operand code.

Opcode tells the CPU the fundamental operation to perform, like 'add' or 'subtract'.

Operand code specifies the targets or parameters of the action defined by the opcode. It tells the CPU where to find the data or what to operate on.

The stored program concept means that both the program instructions and data are stored in main memory, ready to be accessed and executed by the CPU.

Fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, executing them, and storing the result back in memory. This cycle repeats continuously to process data.

A type of microprocessor that uses complex instructions to perform operations. Each instruction can perform multiple tasks, leading to fewer instructions overall.

A type of microprocessor that uses a smaller set of simpler instructions. Each instruction performs a specific task, requiring more instructions to execute complex operations.

A set of electronic pathways that connect components inside a computer. They transfer data, instructions, and control signals between different parts.

Connects the CPU, memory, and other key components on the motherboard. It's the primary communication pathway for major system elements.

Connects external devices, peripherals, expansion slots, and ports to the rest of the computer. It's the bridge between the computer and external world.

Components on the motherboard that control various functions of the computer. They act as the central hub for managing resources.

A software stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) on the motherboard. It's used to boot up the computer and manage its basic functions.

The width of the data bus determines the amount of data that can be transferred between the CPU and memory in a single operation. A wider data bus allows for faster data transfer, resulting in a faster computer.

The address bus determines the number of memory locations the CPU can directly access. A wider address bus allows the CPU to access a larger amount of memory, which is important for applications that require more storage space.

Control bus, address bus, and data bus are crucial for communication within a computer. The control bus carries signals that control the flow of data and instructions. The address bus specifies memory locations for data access. The data bus carries the actual data being transferred between components.

An expansion slot is a physical connector on the motherboard that allows for the installation of expansion cards, providing additional functionality to the computer system.

The motherboard is a central printed circuit board that houses the key components of a computer system. The form factor refers to the physical size and layout of the motherboard. The chipset is a set of integrated circuits that control the flow of data between the CPU, memory, and other peripherals. The processor socket is the connector that holds the CPU onto the motherboard.

The system clock is a signal generator that provides timing pulses to synchronize operations within the computer. It determines the speed of data transfer and processing, affecting the overall computer performance.

BIOS is a small program stored in a ROM chip on the motherboard. It is responsible for performing initial hardware checks, loading the operating system into memory, and managing the boot process.

POST, which stands for Power-On Self-Test, is a series of diagnostic checks performed by the BIOS when the computer is powered on. It checks the integrity of the computer's hardware, including memory, hard drives, and input/output devices.