Computer Science Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios would benefit most from the use of multi-core processors?

  • Running a single-threaded text editor.
  • Browsing the web with a single tab open.
  • Executing a legacy application designed for a single CPU.
  • Performing complex video editing and rendering. (correct)

In the context of operating systems, what is the primary benefit of using virtual memory?

  • Reducing the risk of hardware failures.
  • Enabling a process to use more memory than physically available. (correct)
  • Increasing the CPU clock speed.
  • Improving the efficiency of file system operations.

Which of the following best describes the role of a device driver in an operating system?

  • Providing a user interface for applications.
  • Scheduling processes for CPU execution.
  • Facilitating communication between the OS and hardware devices. (correct)
  • Managing the file system.

What is the key difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

<p>A compiler translates code into machine code, while an interpreter executes code line by line. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming paradigm is characterized by organizing code into objects that encapsulate data and behavior?

<p>Object-oriented programming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data structure follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle?

<p>Stack (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the TCP protocol?

<p>Connection-oriented communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which network topology connects each device to multiple other devices, providing redundancy?

<p>Mesh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for routing data packets across networks?

<p>Network Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of secondary memory?

<p>Solid State Drive (SSD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computer Architecture

Deals with the functional behavior of computer systems, focusing on the structure and organization of hardware components such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The brain of the computer that fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and coordinates their execution. It includes the control unit, ALU, and registers.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Volatile memory that stores data and instructions currently being used by the CPU for quick access.

Secondary Memory

Non-volatile memory used for long-term storage of data and instructions such as SSD's and Hard Drives.

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Operating System (OS)

Manages computer hardware and software resources, providing essential services for computer programs, including process, memory, file system, and device management.

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Process

An instance of a program in execution, managed by the OS, which assigns resources like CPU time and memory.

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Programming Language

A formal language used to instruct a computer to perform tasks; can be high-level (human-readable) or low-level (closer to machine code).

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Programming Paradigms

Different styles of programming, such as procedural, object-oriented, functional, and declarative.

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Data Structures

Ways of organizing and storing data in a computer, such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs.

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Networking

Involves connecting computers and devices to share resources and communicate; governed by network protocols.

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Study Notes

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