Computer Science Chapter 5: Arrays
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Questions and Answers

What does the logical size of an array represent?

  • The total number of occupied slots within the array (correct)
  • The total number of elements in the defined array space
  • The maximum size the array can grow to
  • The number of memory slots allocated to the array

    • In the context of arrays, what is the meaning of the expression Abc[i+2]?

  • The sum of the two elements at index i and index 2
  • The 2nd element of the array Abc
  • The ith element plus two positions ahead in the array (correct)
  • The first element of the array Abc

    • What does the statement A[i] = 5; accomplish in C language?

  • It assigns the value 5 to the variable A
  • It assigns the value 5 to the ith position of array A (correct)
  • It allocates memory for the ith element
  • It outputs the value of 5 into the array A

    • If an array has a physical size of 100, what is a possible value for its logical size?

    <p>80 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding array elements?

    <p>An array element can be treated like a single variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using an array instead of multiple variables to store student marks?

    <p>An array allows for easier data management and access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a one-dimensional array defined in an algorithm?

    <p>Array [1..N] of DataType. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about arrays is true?

    <p>An array holds a fixed-size collection of elements of the same type. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C programming, how is a one-dimensional array declared?

    <p>DataType ArrayName[Size]; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical index range for a one-dimensional array declared with 100 elements?

    <p>0 to 99 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a two-dimensional array from a one-dimensional array?

    <p>A two-dimensional array uses two indices to access its elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of arrays?

    <p>They must have a constant size at compile time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a two-dimensional array conceptually similar to a mathematical structure?

    <p>It corresponds to a matrix. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to declare an array of four floats named 'Mark' in C?

    <p>float Mark; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an array is initialized without specifying the size, how does the compiler determine the size?

    <p>It counts the number of elements provided in the initialization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first index of an array in C?

    <p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To access the last element of an array with size N, which index should be used?

    <p>N-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided example, how are elements accessed in the array 'myfirstarray'?

    <p>By placing the index in square brackets after the name. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT correct regarding array initialization in C?

    <p>You must specify the size during initialization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What error will occur if you try to access an index equal to the array size?

    <p>You will receive a segmentation fault or out-of-bounds error. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the variable 'S' in the algorithm 'SumArray'?

    <p>To hold the total sum of the array elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Array Definition

    A linear data structure storing a fixed-size collection of elements of the same data type.

    1D Array

    An array with a single index representing all elements.

    Array Declaration

    Creating an array and specifying its data type and size.

    Algorithm Array Declaration

    Array [1..n] of . This represents an array named 'Array' with 'n' elements of type .

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    Array Size

    The number of elements an array can store.

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    One-dimensional Array in C

    Declaring arrays using syntax like <data_type> array_name[size];

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    Multi-Dimensional Array

    An array with more than one index (e.g., a table with rows and columns).

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    Array Usage (Example)

    Storing and accessing data efficiently when many items of the same type need to be managed.

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    Array Element

    A single value stored in an array at a specific location.

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    Array Index

    A numerical position that specifies the location of an element within an array.

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    Array Index Expression

    An index that can be a calculation involving variables or values.

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    Physical Array Size

    Total allocated memory space for an array, whether or not the space is used.

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    Logical Array Size

    The number of elements actually used in an array.

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    1D Array Example: float Mark

    Declaring an array 'Mark' to hold 4 floating-point values. The size is fixed at 4.

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    Array Initialization

    Assigning initial values to the elements of an array when it is declared.

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    Array Initialization Example: float Mark

    Initializing 'Mark' with values 88.5, 64, 90.25, and 100. The size is determined automatically.

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    Accessing Array Element

    Retrieving the value of a specific array element by its index. Use square brackets with the index after the array name.

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    First & Last Index

    The first element in an array has index 0. The last element has index (length - 1).

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    Summing Array Elements

    A common task: read all elements in an array and calculate their sum.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 5: Arrays

    • Arrays are linear data structures storing elements of the same type.
    • Array size is constant.
    • One-dimensional arrays: have a single index.
    • Two-dimensional arrays (matrices or 2D arrays): require two indices (row and column).
    • Arrays use contiguous memory locations.
    • Arrays size is known at compile time.

    Outcomes

    • Students will be able to define, declare, and fill one-dimensional arrays.
    • Students will be able to define, declare, and fill two-dimensional arrays.
    • Students will know how to read array and matrix elements using algorithms and C programs.

    Why Use Arrays?

    • Storing multiple data items efficiently is more effective than using individual variables (for example, storing 100 student marks).
    • Arrays avoid declaring 100 variables.

    Arrays Definition

    • Arrays are linear data structures holding elements of the same type (homogeneous).
    • Array size must be fixed.
    • One-dimensional arrays are used in this course, in addition to two-dimensional arrays.

    1D Arrays Declaration

    • A one-dimensional array has a single column, each element can be accessed by a single index.
    • The compiler needs the number of elements to reserve memory.
    • Algorithm Example: <ArrayName>: Array [1..<Size>] of <DataType>
    • C Program Example: <DataType> <ArrayName> [ <Size>];
    • int A1 [100];
    • Index values start at 0 in C.

    1D Arrays Representation

    • Algorithm representation: Abc[1], Abc[2], ..., Abc[10].
    • C language representation: Abc[0], Abc[1], ..., Abc[9].
    • Element access: Abc[i], where i is the index/position.
    • Index can be an arithmetic expression (e.g. Abc[i+2], Abc[i*2+j]).

    Arrays Representation (Usage)

    • Array elements can be used in expressions, assignment statements, output operations, and input operations.

    Arrays Physical and Logical Sizes

    • Physical size: The total number of slots reserved in memory.
    • Logical size: The number of slots actually occupied in the array.
    • Logical size must be less than or equal to physical size.

    1D Arrays Declaration - Example 1

    • Declare an array of 4 floats: float Mark[4];
    • First index is 0, Last index is length-1

    1D Arrays Initialization- Remarks

    • Arrays can be initialized during declaration: float Mark[4] = {88.5, 64, 90.25, 100};
    • In initialization, the array size can often be omitted. The compiler determines the size based on the number of initial values.

    1D Arrays Data Access

    • Accessing elements using index: Mark[1], where 1 is the index.
    • First index starts from 0, last element has index (n-1). (n = size of array)

    1D Arrays Data Access – Example 2

    • C Code example for accessing and filling elements.

    1D Arrays - Example 3

    • Algorithm and C program to read, compute the sum, and display N elements of an array.

    1D Arrays - Example 4

    • Algorithm and C program to read elements, count null/zero elements, and display the count

    Exercise 1

    • Given two arrays, calculate their schtroumpf (multiply elements and sum).

    Exercise 2 (To Do)

    • Algorithm to fill an array, find the greatest value and its position.

    Two-Dimensional Arrays (2D)

    • Simplest form of multi-dimensional arrays, often called matrices.
    • Two indices required to access an element; row index and column index.

    2D Arrays in Algorithms

    • Visual representation of 2D array structure using rows and columns.

    2D Arrays in C Programming

    • C representation of 2D arrays in memory. Explanation of indices starting at 0.

    2D Arrays Declaration

    • Algorithm and C syntax for declaring two-dimensional arrays.
    • Specifying row and column sizes.

    2D Arrays Initialization

    • How to initialize 2D arrays in algorithms and C.
    • Ways to specify values during declaration.

    2D Arrays Data Access

    • Explain how to access elements using row and column indices.
    • Example C program for populating and displaying the values in a 2D array.
    • Loops to process rows and columns for accessing data.

    Exercise 3

    • Algorithm to read elements, and find sum of main diagonal elements of a matrix.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of arrays in programming through this quiz. Learn about one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, their structure, and how to manipulate them using algorithms and C programs. Test your understanding of these linear data structures and their applications.

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