Computer Science: Binary and Bus Systems

The number of bits that a memory location can store.

A set of lines that carries the address of a specific memory location.

A set of lines used to transfer data between the processor and memory or peripheral devices.

A set of lines that carry control signals for selecting memory, I/O devices, and managing data transfer.

The unique binary pattern that identifies a specific memory location or I/O port.

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It's a standard that assigns a unique numerical code to each character, including letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and control characters, allowing computers to represent and process text.

Each character in ASCII is assigned a decimal number, ranging from 0 to 127. These decimal numbers can be converted to their corresponding binary representations.

The binary representation of a character consists of a sequence of 7 bits (0s and 1s). These bits are used to represent the unique code assigned to each character.

The 'space' character in ASCII is represented by the binary code 0010 0000.

The ASCII table provides a complete mapping between characters, their decimal values, and their binary representations. It helps you easily look up the code for any character.

A microchip is a tiny, integrated circuit that contains millions or billions of transistors. It is a basic building block of modern electronics.

A circuit board is a flat piece of material with conductive pathways that connect various electronic components.

Conductive lines on a circuit board are used to carry electrical current between components.

The colors on a circuit board and microchip are used for contrast and to highlight different components.

The process of fetching an instruction from memory and loading it into the processor.

Understanding the instruction fetched from memory and determining the appropriate actions to perform.

The actual execution of the instruction, involving operations like addition, subtraction, or data movement.

Accessing data from memory or writing data back to memory, based on the executed instruction.

Writing the results of the executed instruction back to the appropriate destination, such as a register or memory location.

Devices that allow a computer to interact with the outside world, such as keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers.

A collection of wires that connect the CPU, memory, and peripherals, allowing them to communicate and share data.

The brain of a computer, executing instructions by processing data and controlling other components.

The component within the microprocessor that performs arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction) and logical operations (AND, OR, XOR).

A key component of the microprocessor that controls the execution of instructions by fetching instructions from memory and decoding them into a sequence of steps.

A collection of high-speed storage locations within the microprocessor, used to temporarily store data and instructions that the microprocessor is currently working with.

A logical operation that results in 1 if both inputs are 1, else 0.

A set of instructions that the microprocessor follows to perform a specific task. Programs are stored in the memory and executed sequentially.

The process by which the microprocessor reads an instruction from the memory, interprets its meaning, and then carries out the specified action.

A special memory location within the microprocessor that temporarily holds data while it is being processed.

The part of the microprocessor responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations on data. It does the actual computations.

A type of memory that stores information permanently and does not require power to retain data. Think of it as a permanent storage location.

A type of memory that temporarily stores data while the computer is running. It's like a notepad that gets erased when the computer is turned off.

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer system, responsible for executing instructions and controlling the flow of data.

A set of instructions or commands that the microprocessor interprets and executes, telling the computer what to do.

The process of converting raw data into a format that computers can understand, typically represented as sequences of 0s and 1s.

The 8085 microprocessor has six general-purpose registers, one accumulator, one flag register, a stack pointer (SP) and a program counter (PC).

The accumulator is a special register that stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations.

The flag register keeps track of the results of operations, such as zero, carry, and parity. It helps the program make decisions.

The stack pointer (SP) is a 16-bit register that points to the top of the stack, a temporary data storage area.

The program counter (PC) is a 16-bit register that keeps track of the next instruction to be executed.

The number of data bits that a microprocessor can process simultaneously. Think of it as the width of the 'data highway' for moving information.

The number of unique memory addresses a microprocessor can access. Imagine it as the range of 'houses' the processor can visit in memory.

A trend in microprocessor design where the data bus and address bus sizes grow over time, enabling the processor to handle more data and access more memory. Larger buses mean more efficient processing and larger data handling capability.

The capacity of a microprocessor's address bus determines the maximum amount of memory it can directly access. A larger address bus allows the processor to address more memory locations, enabling it to handle larger programs and datasets.

The data bus size generally reflects the microprocessor's ability to process data in parallel. A wider data bus allows for faster data transfer between the processor and memory, contributing to improved overall computing performance.