Computer Science Basics: Software & Data Types

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Questions and Answers

What is the valid starting character for an identifier?

A whitespace

A letter (correct)

A special symbol

A number

Which of the following options is NOT allowed in an identifier?

An underscore

A special character (correct)

A digit

A letter

How many characters of an identifier does the compiler consider?

The first 64 characters

Only the first 15 characters

31 characters (correct)

All of them

What keyword is used to define a constant in C?

const Signup and view all the answers

What is true about constants in C?

They hold a single value throughout program execution. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a set of instructions designed to operate computer hardware effectively?

System Software Signup and view all the answers

What type of constant represents a fixed value in a C program, such as '3.14' for π?

Real Constant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data type in C?

string Signup and view all the answers

Which operator would you use to compute the remainder of a division in C?

% Signup and view all the answers

When mixing different data types in expressions, what is often necessary?

Typecasting Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for translating high-level code into machine code?

Compiler Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to a logical structure that outlines the steps to solve a problem?

Algorithm Signup and view all the answers

What does a variable in C programming represent?

Name for a memory location that can hold data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid variable name?

john Signup and view all the answers

What does the declaration 'int number;' do?

Allocates memory for an integer variable named 'number' Signup and view all the answers

How much memory is allocated for an integer variable in a 64-bit compiler?

4 bytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between float and double types?

Double can contain more decimal places than float Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding user-defined data types?

They allow the programmer to define their own data types Signup and view all the answers

What keyword is used to represent the integer datatype in C?

int Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a modifier for the integer datatype?

double Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of primary datatypes?

They include both integer and floating-point types Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if you try to change the value of a constant variable declared with 'const'?

It will create a compilation error. Signup and view all the answers

What symbol is used to create a constant using the preprocessor directive in C?

#define Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a rule for specifying a variable name in C?

Variable names can include special symbols like @ or #. Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what does 'PI' represent?

A constant value used to calculate area. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about variable declaration is true?

Variables must be declared before they are used. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of constant allows you to define a value that cannot be changed during the program runtime?

Preprocessor constant using '#define' Signup and view all the answers

If a variable name exceeds the maximum number of characters specified by the compiler, what will happen?

The compiler will ignore the extra characters. Signup and view all the answers

What does the escape sequence in C represent?

A combination of characters to perform formatting in output. Signup and view all the answers

What does the #define directive accomplish in a C program?

It defines constants that can be used in the program. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a unary operator in C?

i-- Signup and view all the answers

How many operands does a binary operator require?

Two Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT categorized as an arithmetic operator?

Conditional (?:) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a logical operator?

It requires two or more conditions to evaluate. Signup and view all the answers

What does the increment operator (++) do in a C program?

Increases the value of the variable by one. Signup and view all the answers

Which operator is specifically used for assignment in C?

= Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of conditional operators in C?

To execute a set of statements based on a condition. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Software and Hardware

Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform a task.
A program is a single set of instructions; a software is a collection of programs.
System software operates the computer hardware efficiently.
Application software helps users complete tasks such as word processing and web browsing.

Constants, Variables & Data Types

A constant is a named memory location that holds a single value throughout program execution.
Constants can be created using the "const" keyword or the "#define" preprocessor directive.
Variables are named memory locations that can store different values with the same datatype during program execution.
Variables must be declared to allocate the required memory space before use.
Datatypes specify the range and type of values that can be stored in variables, constants, arrays, pointers, and functions.
Primary datatypes are built-in, pre-defined datatypes like integer, floating-point, character, and void.
Data types are used to determine the size of memory allocated for variables and the type of operations that can be performed on them.

Integer Datatypes

The "int" keyword represents the integer datatype in C.
Integer datatypes can be modified using keywords like "short", "long", "signed", and "unsigned".

Floating-Point Datatypes

Floating-point datatypes represent numbers with decimal values.
"float" and "double" are the two variants of floating-point datatypes.
"float" stores up to 6 decimal places, “double” stores up to 15-19 decimal places.

Creating constants in C

Using 'const' keyword:
- The syntax is const datatype constantName; or const datatype constantName = value;
- Example: const int x = 10;
Using '#define' preprocessor
- The syntax is #define CONSTANTNAME value
- Example: #define PI 3.14

Operators

Operators tell the computer to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations.
Unary operators require a single operand (e.g., + or -)
Binary operators require two operands (e.g., + or -).

Classification of Operators

Arithmetic operators perform numeric calculations (e.g., +, -, *, /, %).
Relational operators compare values (e.g., ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=).
Logical operators combine expressions (e.g., &&, ||, !).
Assignment operators assign values to variables (e.g., =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=).
Increment/Decrement operators increase or decrease the value of a variable by one (e.g., ++, --).
Bitwise operators perform bit-level operations (e.g., &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>).
Conditional operators evaluate expressions based on a condition (e.g., ? :).

Special Operators

Special operators are used for specific purposes, such as obtaining the size of a data type (sizeof) and accessing members of a structure or union (->, .)

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in computer science, focusing on software definitions, types, and the roles of constants, variables, and data types. Test your understanding of how software operates with hardware and the basics of memory allocation in programming.