Unit 07 : Logic, Languages & Testing

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a logic gate?

They are primarily used in embedded systems.

They are written in assembly language.

They produce an output based on the inputs. (correct)

They are made of high-level languages.

What is the primary function of a truth table?

To simplify complex logic expressions.

To determine the speed of a logic circuit.

To create a visual representation of a logic gate's outputs. (correct)

To convert assembly code to machine code.

What is the output of an AND gate when both inputs are 1?

The output is undefined.

Either 0 or 1

1 (correct)

What is the output of a NOT gate when the input is 0?

1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which property is NOT characteristic of machine code?

Each instruction performs a complex task. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using high-level languages compared to low-level languages?

High-level languages are easier to understand and debug. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using high-level languages?

They need to be translated into machine code before execution. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of source code?

To store the instructions that a computer executes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing is carried out during development?

Iterative testing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of an IDE?

File explorer (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test data is deliberately designed to be incorrect?

Erroneous test data (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a compiler?

To translate the entire source code at once and create an executable file (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using interpreters?

Faster execution speed compared to compiled code (A) Signup and view all the answers

A syntax error occurs when:

The program cannot be compiled because it violates the grammatical rules of the programming language (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test data would be used to check the program's behaviour at the very edges of acceptable values?

Boundary test data (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a logical error?

Trying to divide by zero (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of variable tracing within an IDE?

To monitor the values of variables as the program runs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using a run-time environment within an IDE?

It provides a platform to debug and test the code during development (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Logic Gates and Circuits

Logic Gate: A circuit producing an output based on its inputs.
Truth Table: Displays all input permutations and corresponding outputs for a gate or circuit.
Logic Circuit: A combination of logic gates.

Types of Logic Gates

AND Gate: Two inputs; output is 1 only if both inputs are 1. Equation: Q = A AND B
OR Gate: Two inputs; output is 1 if at least one input is 1. Equation: Q = A OR B
NOT Gate: One input; output is the opposite of the input. Equation: Q = NOT A

Low-Level Languages

Machine Code: Written in binary; directly executed by the processor; each instruction performs a simple task. No translator needed.
Assembly Language: Uses mnemonics (words) instead of binary; each instruction corresponds to a machine code instruction; requires translation. Often used for embedded systems and device drivers.

High-Level Languages

Uses English-like keywords; more abstract than low-level languages; addresses program logic, not hardware; must be translated.
Source Code: Code written by programmers in high-level languages.

Translators

Compilers: Translate the entire source code at once, creating an executable file. Errors are reported all at once. Faster execution, but require recompilation for changes.
Interpreters: Translate and execute each line of source code immediately. Debugging is easier, source code is readily available, but slower execution and need for interpreter during execution.

Testing

Testing: Ensures software produces expected results and is bug-free.
Iterative Testing: Testing during development, at a module level.
Final Testing: Testing the entire software product after development.

Types of Test Data

Normal Data: Valid data for accepted functionality.
Boundary Data: Data on the edge of valid.
Invalid Data: Correct type, but not valid inputs.
Erroneous Data: Incorrect input type.

Errors

Syntax Errors: Grammatical errors in the code prevent compilation and execution.
Logical Errors: Faulty program logic produces incorrect results, despite compilation and run-time execution.

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

IDE: Provides tools for writing and testing software.
Editor: Text area for writing and editing source code.
Run-time Environment: Allows code execution within the IDE.
Error Diagnostics: Tools for detecting and reporting syntax errors.
Translator: Contains compiler or interpreter for translation of source code.
Syntax Highlighting: Displays code elements in different colors.
Auto-Indentation: Automatically formats code.
Auto-Complete: Predicts code terms.
Breakpoints: Pauses code execution at specified points.
Stepping: Executes code one line at a time.
Variable Tracing: Allows inspection of variable values during execution.

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Description

Test your knowledge on logic gates, truth tables, and programming languages in this brief quiz. It covers key characteristics and advantages of various coding levels, as well as properties. Perfect for students studying GCSE Computer Science OCR