Unit 07 : Logic, Languages & Testing

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a logic gate?

  • They are primarily used in embedded systems.
  • They are written in assembly language.
  • They produce an output based on the inputs. (correct)
  • They are made of high-level languages.

What is the primary function of a truth table?

  • To simplify complex logic expressions.
  • To determine the speed of a logic circuit.
  • To create a visual representation of a logic gate's outputs. (correct)
  • To convert assembly code to machine code.

What is the output of an AND gate when both inputs are 1?

  • 0
  • The output is undefined.
  • Either 0 or 1
  • 1 (correct)

What is the output of a NOT gate when the input is 0?

<p>1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is NOT characteristic of machine code?

<p>Each instruction performs a complex task. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using high-level languages compared to low-level languages?

<p>High-level languages are easier to understand and debug. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using high-level languages?

<p>They need to be translated into machine code before execution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of source code?

<p>To store the instructions that a computer executes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing is carried out during development?

<p>Iterative testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of an IDE?

<p>File explorer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test data is deliberately designed to be incorrect?

<p>Erroneous test data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a compiler?

<p>To translate the entire source code at once and create an executable file (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using interpreters?

<p>Faster execution speed compared to compiled code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A syntax error occurs when:

<p>The program cannot be compiled because it violates the grammatical rules of the programming language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test data would be used to check the program's behaviour at the very edges of acceptable values?

<p>Boundary test data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a logical error?

<p>Trying to divide by zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of variable tracing within an IDE?

<p>To monitor the values of variables as the program runs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using a run-time environment within an IDE?

<p>It provides a platform to debug and test the code during development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Logic Gate

A circuit producing an output based on inputs.

Truth Table

Displays all possible input combinations and corresponding outputs for a logic gate.

AND Gate

A gate with two inputs; outputs 1 only if both inputs are 1.

OR Gate

A gate with two inputs; outputs 1 if at least one input is 1.

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NOT Gate

A gate with one input; output is the opposite of the input.

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Assembly Language

A low-level language that uses mnemonics to replace binary commands.

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High Level Language

Languages using English keywords, abstracting hardware details.

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Machine Code

A low-level language in binary that the processor executes directly.

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Translator

Converts high-level code into machine code.

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Compiler

Translates all source code at once and creates an executable file.

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Interpreter

Translates each line of code immediately without creating an executable file.

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Iterative Testing

Testing done during software development, checking modules regularly.

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Final Testing

Testing conducted after development is complete before release.

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Syntax Error

Occurs when grammatical rules of a programming language are broken.

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Logical Error

Causes incorrect output due to faulty logic in the algorithm.

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IDE

Integrated Development Environment that provides tools for programming.

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Error Diagnostics

Highlights syntax errors and suggests possible solutions.

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Syntax Highlighting

Displays source code in different colors based on its components.

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Study Notes

Logic Gates and Circuits

  • Logic Gate: A circuit producing an output based on its inputs.
  • Truth Table: Displays all input permutations and corresponding outputs for a gate or circuit.
  • Logic Circuit: A combination of logic gates.

Types of Logic Gates

  • AND Gate: Two inputs; output is 1 only if both inputs are 1. Equation: Q = A AND B
  • OR Gate: Two inputs; output is 1 if at least one input is 1. Equation: Q = A OR B
  • NOT Gate: One input; output is the opposite of the input. Equation: Q = NOT A

Low-Level Languages

  • Machine Code: Written in binary; directly executed by the processor; each instruction performs a simple task. No translator needed.
  • Assembly Language: Uses mnemonics (words) instead of binary; each instruction corresponds to a machine code instruction; requires translation. Often used for embedded systems and device drivers.

High-Level Languages

  • Uses English-like keywords; more abstract than low-level languages; addresses program logic, not hardware; must be translated.
  • Source Code: Code written by programmers in high-level languages.

Translators

  • Compilers: Translate the entire source code at once, creating an executable file. Errors are reported all at once. Faster execution, but require recompilation for changes.
  • Interpreters: Translate and execute each line of source code immediately. Debugging is easier, source code is readily available, but slower execution and need for interpreter during execution.

Testing

  • Testing: Ensures software produces expected results and is bug-free.
  • Iterative Testing: Testing during development, at a module level.
  • Final Testing: Testing the entire software product after development.

Types of Test Data

  • Normal Data: Valid data for accepted functionality.
  • Boundary Data: Data on the edge of valid.
  • Invalid Data: Correct type, but not valid inputs.
  • Erroneous Data: Incorrect input type.

Errors

  • Syntax Errors: Grammatical errors in the code prevent compilation and execution.
  • Logical Errors: Faulty program logic produces incorrect results, despite compilation and run-time execution.

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

  • IDE: Provides tools for writing and testing software.

  • Editor: Text area for writing and editing source code.

  • Run-time Environment: Allows code execution within the IDE.

  • Error Diagnostics: Tools for detecting and reporting syntax errors.

  • Translator: Contains compiler or interpreter for translation of source code.

  • Syntax Highlighting: Displays code elements in different colors.

  • Auto-Indentation: Automatically formats code.

  • Auto-Complete: Predicts code terms.

  • Breakpoints: Pauses code execution at specified points.

  • Stepping: Executes code one line at a time.

  • Variable Tracing: Allows inspection of variable values during execution.

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