Computer Science Basics Quiz

<p>13 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>255 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signals may fade with time and distance (A), Signals may be chopped up or lost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By varying a physical property proportionally to the information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Audio tapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data is sent one line at a time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convert information into bits for transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analog signals always suffer from degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The output voltage is reduced by the voltage dropped across internal resistance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sends data more quickly using multiple lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 kΩ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transforms sound into electrical signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes a voltage drop. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microphone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As digital data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the effect of signal conditioning on the input signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amplifier's input impedance offered to the sensor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce voltage signals linear with the process variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converting one type of electrical variation into another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When signals are representative of a process variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By employing software to process the nonlinear signal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bridges for small fractional resistance changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects how the amplifier interacts with slowly varying signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To emit light when conducting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impurities in the semiconductor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To amplify signals and to act as a switch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N-type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is equivalent to two diodes connected back-to-back (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow control of current flow through the device (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They last much longer than traditional light bulbs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The current decreases as the capacitor fills with charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current begins to flow from emitter to collector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alternating current (A.C.) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The product of resistance and capacitance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent charge from jumping between plates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It discharges rapidly at first, then slower (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small values, generally below 100V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoothing power supplies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One amp of current at one volt for one second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a capacitor to store electrical charge. It's measured in Farads (F).

The process of a capacitor gaining charge from an electrical source, like a battery.

The process of a capacitor releasing its stored charge. The rate depends on the resistance in the circuit.

The time it takes for a capacitor to charge to 63.2% of the supply voltage, or discharge to 36.8% of its initial voltage. It is calculated by multiplying the resistance (R) and capacitance (C) of the circuit.

A type of capacitor that is small and can be used in many different applications. Values range from a few Pico Farads (pF) to 1 Micro Farad (µF). They can be used with either side connected to ground.

A type of capacitor that is larger and has a higher capacitance than ceramic capacitors. Values range from 1 µF to several Farads. They are polarized, meaning one end must be connected to ground.

A type of capacitor that is similar to electrolytic capacitors but has a higher capacitance and operates at higher temperatures. They are also polarized and typically have a longer lifespan than electrolytic capacitors.

A circuit utilizing both resistors and capacitors. The time constant (RC) determines the rate at which the circuit charges and discharges. It is used in timing circuits and filtering electronic signals.

The frequency of a sound wave is measured in Hertz (Hz) and determines the pitch of the sound. Humans can perceive sounds within the range of 20Hz to 20,000Hz.

The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness, measured in decibels (dB). A larger amplitude corresponds to a louder sound.

Sound waves are converted into electrical signals by microphones. These signals can be manipulated and stored for later playback.

Electrical signals representing sound are converted into magnetic patterns on audio tapes. This allows for recording and playback.

The process of converting electrical signals into physical representations on CDs, allowing for long-term storage and playback.

During signal transmission, some quality degradation is inevitable. This is due to various factors like noise and limitations in the transmission medium.

Sound, in its most basic form, is a series of pressure waves in air. These waves are created by vibrating objects, like drums, strings, or vocal cords.

The process of converting stored digital data into analog sound waves through a speaker, allowing us to hear the recorded audio.

A mathematical representation describing how signal conditioning affects the input signal. It shows the relationship between the input and output signals.

Changing the level of a signal, either by amplifying or attenuating it. This is essential for making signals compatible with other parts of a circuit or system.

Adjusting a sensor's output so it varies linearly with the measured variable. This is crucial for precise measurements, as most sensors have nonlinear outputs.

Converting one type of electrical signal to another. For example, converting a changing resistance to a voltage or current signal.

A circuit used to measure an unknown resistance by comparing it to a known resistance. It's often used to convert resistance changes into voltage or current changes.

Amplifiers whose gain varies with the resistance they are measuring. This is useful for converting resistance changes into voltage or current signals.

The ability of a circuit to respond to changing signals. It's crucial for applications where fast signal variations are important, like accelerometers and optical detectors.

The resistance a circuit presents to the input signal. It's important for matching the input signal source to the circuit, preventing signal loss.

A special type of diode that emits light when conducting electricity. They are used in numerous applications due to their small size, low cost, and long lifespan.

A semiconductor device that can act as a switch, turning current on or off, or as an amplifier, increasing the strength of a current.

The thin layer in a transistor that controls the flow of current between the emitter and collector.

The material in a transistor that emits electrons or holes, acting as the source of the current.

The material in a transistor that collects electrons or holes, acting as the destination of the current.

A type of transistor where a thin layer of p-type semiconductor is sandwiched between two layers of n-type semiconductor.

A type of transistor where a thin layer of n-type semiconductor is sandwiched between two layers of p-type semiconductor.

The process of applying a small voltage to the base of a transistor to allow a larger current to flow from the emitter to the collector.

The process of sending information as a continuous wave, often using an electrical voltage, pressure, or light intensity.

The process of sending information using discrete units, like bits, which represent ones and zeros.

Transmission of data one bit at a time, using a single line.

Transmission of multiple bits simultaneously, using multiple lines.

An analog signal can carry different amounts of information based on changes in its strength or frequency. For example, a louder sound is represented by a stronger signal.

A digital signal uses combinations of ones and zeros (bits) to represent information. Each bit is either on or off.

Digital signals are more resistant to degradation than analog signals because they are less prone to noise and interference.

A representation of a number using only the digits 0 and 1. Each position in the number represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost position (2^0 = 1).

Each on/off space in computer memory. It can represent either a 0 or a 1 in binary form.

A group of 8 bits. It can represent any decimal number from 0 to 255 because 8 bits can hold a maximum binary value of 11111111.

A method of converting a decimal number to a binary number by repeatedly dividing by 2 and recording the remainders.