Computer Science Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the binary representation of the decimal number 10?

1001

1010 (correct)

1100

1000

How many bits are there in one byte?

8 bits (correct)

10 bits

6 bits

4 bits

Which of the following represents the decimal number 7 in binary?

1011

0001

0111 (correct)

1110

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?

13 Signup and view all the answers

If a computer memory holds 1 byte, what is the maximum decimal value it can contain?

255 Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential problems encountered in signal transmission?

Signals may fade with time and distance Signup and view all the answers

How does an analog signal transmit information?

By varying a physical property proportionally to the information Signup and view all the answers

Which one is an example of analog technology?

Audio tapes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in serial transmission?

Data is sent one line at a time Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes digital signals in terms of data representation?

They convert information into bits for transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true concerning degradation of signals?

Analog signals always suffer from degradation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the output voltage when a load is connected across a sensor's output?

The output voltage is reduced by the voltage dropped across internal resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of parallel transmission compared to serial transmission?

Sends data more quickly using multiple lines Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digital signals, what does a high voltage typically represent?

One Signup and view all the answers

What is the input resistance of the amplifier in the example provided?

10 kΩ Signup and view all the answers

When sound is transmitted, which characteristic is NOT measured in Hertz?

Amplitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a microphone in sound representation?

Transforms sound into electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

At what frequency range can humans hear sound?

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of loading when connecting an amplifier to a sensor output?

It causes a voltage drop. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage converts sound waves to electrical signals in the process of sound representation?

Microphone Signup and view all the answers

How is sound represented on a CD after being recorded?

As digital data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a transfer function in signal conditioning?

To describe the effect of signal conditioning on the input signal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor to consider when selecting an amplifier for process control applications?

The amplifier's input impedance offered to the sensor Signup and view all the answers

What does linearization in signal conditioning aim to achieve?

To produce voltage signals linear with the process variable Signup and view all the answers

In the context of signal conditioning, what is meant by conversions?

Converting one type of electrical variation into another Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is signal-level change most commonly applied?

When signals are representative of a process variable Signup and view all the answers

How is linearization typically performed with modern sensors?

By employing software to process the nonlinear signal Signup and view all the answers

What type of circuit is commonly used to convert resistance change into a voltage or current signal?

Bridges for small fractional resistance changes Signup and view all the answers

Why is the frequency response of an amplifier important in certain applications?

It affects how the amplifier interacts with slowly varying signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a light emitting diode (LED)?

To emit light when conducting Signup and view all the answers

What determines the color of light emitted by an LED?

The impurities in the semiconductor Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main functions of a transistor?

To amplify signals and to act as a switch Signup and view all the answers

In an n-p-n transistor, which type of semiconductor is dominant?

N-type Signup and view all the answers

What happens when no voltage is connected to the base of an n-p-n transistor?

It is equivalent to two diodes connected back-to-back Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the base in a transistor?

To allow control of current flow through the device Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about light emitting diodes (LEDs) is true?

They last much longer than traditional light bulbs. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the current when a capacitor is charging?

The current decreases as the capacitor fills with charge Signup and view all the answers

When a small voltage is applied to the base of an n-p-n transistor, what occurs?

Current begins to flow from emitter to collector Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following currents can a capacitor allow to flow continuously?

Alternating current (A.C.) Signup and view all the answers

What defines the RC time constant in a circuit with a capacitor?

The product of resistance and capacitance Signup and view all the answers

What type of charge storage capacities do dielectric materials provide within capacitors?

They prevent charge from jumping between plates Signup and view all the answers

What effect does shorting a capacitor have on its discharge rate?

It discharges rapidly at first, then slower Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical voltage rating of a ceramic capacitor?

Small values, generally below 100V Signup and view all the answers

What is one application of capacitors in practical circuits?

Smoothing power supplies Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of one Farad?

One amp of current at one volt for one second Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Electronic Parameters and Components

Voltage: The difference in charge between two points, measured in volts (V).
Current: The flow of electrons through a conductor or semiconductor, measured in amperes (A) or Amps. Current flows from positive to negative.
Power: Determines the work a circuit can do, measured in watts (W). Watts = Volts x Amps.
Ground: A minimum voltage reference level. True ground connects to the earth. Battery-powered circuits may have a floating ground.

Resistance

Resistors: Components that control current flow and voltage drop across circuit components, measured in ohms (Ω).
Resistance Control: Resistors are used to limit current flow, preventing damage or malfunction of components (e.g., LEDs).
Heat Generation: Resistors create heat when current passes through them. The more current, the more heat.
Power Dissipation: Resistors have a power rating (Watts) that dictates the maximum power they can safely handle without overheating.
Tolerance: Resistors' actual values may vary slightly from their specified value by a certain percentage. (e.g. ±10%)

Resistor Color Code

Color Codes: A system of colors used on resistors to indicate their resistance values.
1st and 2nd Bands: Represent the first two significant digits of the resistance value.
3rd Band: Represents the multiplier (the number of zeros to add after the first two digits).
4th Band: Shows the tolerance of the resistor (e.g. ±5%).

Examples of Resistor Color Coding

*(Yellow, Purple, Red, Gold) = 4700 Ω ±5% = 4.7KΩ ±5% *
*(Brown, Black, Yellow, Gold) = 100000 Ω ±5% = 100ΚΩ ±5% *

Potentiometers

Variable Resistors: Components with a sliding contact (wiper) that allows the resistance to be adjusted, enabling control over voltage and current.
Linear Pots: Provide resistance that changes linearly with the knob rotation.
Logarithmic Pots: Provide resistance that changes exponentially with the knob rotation.

Ohms Law

Ohm's Law: The fundamental relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R): V = I x R.

Circuits

Closed Loop: A working circuit must have a closed loop for current to flow through a load.
Open Circuit: A circuit with a break, preventing current flow.
Short Circuit: A circuit with insufficient resistance; current flows excessively, causing potential damage.

Series Circuits

Series Connection: Components arranged end-to-end, sharing the same current throughout the circuit. Total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances.
Voltage Drops: The voltage across each component in a series circuit represents a voltage drop. The sum of these voltage drops within a circuit is equal to the total voltage of the circuit.

Parallel Circuits

Parallel Circuits: Components connected alongside each other, sharing the same voltage across each component. Total resistance is less than any individual resistance.

Switches

Switches: Mechanical devices that can interrupt current flow, usually used to control circuits.

AC Current

Alternating Current (AC): Voltage alternates sinusoidally with time. AC voltages are specified by RMS voltage. RMS voltage = 1/√2 × Peak voltage.

Capacitors

Capacitance: Represents how much a capacitor can store energy (measured in Farads).
Dielectric: Insulating material between capacitor plates.
Types of Capacitors: Electrolytic (usually polarized) and non-electrolytic (often non-polarized).
Role: Capacitors store and release electrical energy, used in timing circuits, filters, and energy storage.

Inductors

Inductance: The property of a component to oppose changes in current flow (measured in Henries).
Applications: Inductors are often used as filters for AC circuits and electromagnets.

Transistors

Semiconductors: Transistors are based on semiconductors, offering both conducting and isolating characteristics.
Types: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Field-Effect Transistors (FETs).
Functions: Switching and amplifying electrical signals; used extensively in electronic circuits.

Diodes

Diode Function: Only allow current to flow in one direction.
Applications: Rectification (converting AC to DC), voltage regulation, and signal detection.

Logic Gates

Logic Gates: Basic building blocks of digital circuits, performing logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR).

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Description

Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts in computer science, including number systems, signal transmission, and data representation. This quiz covers topics such as binary and decimal conversions, types of signals, and transmission methods.