Basic Computer Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How many possible values can be represented with 5 bits?

  • 16
  • 32
  • 128 (correct)
  • 64

What is the term used to describe 4 bits of data?

  • Kilobyte
  • Byte
  • Megabyte
  • Nibble (correct)

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1111?

  • 511
  • 15 (correct)
  • 16
  • 255

Which of the following is a unit of memory often used to represent the storage capacity of computers?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes are in 1024 kilobytes (KB)?

<p>1048576 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a byte and a single character on a keyboard?

<p>A single character is represented internally as a byte, which is a sequence of 8 bits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why computers typically store and manipulate data in groups of 8 bits (bytes)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following storage capacities is the largest?

<p>16 TB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of software in a computer?

<p>To provide instructions for the hardware components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) in the aircraft industry?

<p>To identify and isolate faults in avionics components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically housed within a computer case?

<p>Monitor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the operating system in a computer?

<p>To manage the execution of software and the allocation of resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for periodic software updates in aircraft systems?

<p>To improve performance, address issues, and incorporate updated data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between RAM and ROM?

<p>ROM is permanent storage, while RAM is temporary storage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a graphics card in a computer?

<p>To process and display visual information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a motherboard?

<p>To provide connectivity for all the computer's components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cooling systems in modern computers?

<p>To prevent the computer from overheating and malfunctioning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a microcomputer?

<p>Smartphone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the I/O circuitry in a computer?

<p>To enable communication between the computer and its peripherals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a computer?

<p>Performing calculations and controlling operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary component of a modern microcomputer?

<p>Flight Control Computer (FCC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a Flight Control Computer (FCC) and a personal computer?

<p>FCCs are designed for specific, highly demanding tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of a Flight Control Computer (FCC)?

<p>Simplified architecture for ease of use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the CPU of a simple calculator and that of a modern computer?

<p>Modern CPUs can handle more complex calculations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a computer peripheral?

<p>Keyboard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a computer's CPU and Main Memory (RAM)?

<p>The CPU accesses and processes data stored temporarily in RAM. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a computer processor?

<p>To interpret instructions and execute tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a floppy disk and a hard disk in terms of their physical composition?

<p>A floppy disk uses a flexible plastic material, while a hard disk uses a rigid metal material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to data stored on a magnetic disc when new data is written to the same area?

<p>The new data replaces the existing data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between data density and track size on a magnetic disc?

<p>Data density is highest on tracks closest to the center of the disc. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes semiconductor memory from magnetic disc storage?

<p>Semiconductor memory is significantly faster than magnetic disc storage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of using semiconductor memory for data storage?

<p>Semiconductor memory is volatile, meaning data is lost when power is removed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT typically found on a computer's motherboard?

<p>Hard Disk Drive (HDD) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transistors in a computer?

<p>Acting as switches to represent binary data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bits, bytes, and a computer's memory?

<p>A byte is made up of 8 bits, and memory capacity is measured in bytes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of computer-related software?

<p>Network Interface Card (NIC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes how a computer processes data?

<p>Computers convert digital input to digital output. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the binary numbering system in computer science?

<p>It allows for efficient data storage by using only two digits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bits

The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary state, either 0 or 1.

Bytes

A group of 8 bits, used to encode a single character of data.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the primary component that executes instructions in a computer.

RAM

Random Access Memory; temporary storage for data that is actively being used by the CPU.

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ROM

Read-Only Memory; permanent storage that contains firmware or system software.

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Transistors

Small electronic switches that control the flow of electricity in a circuit, switching between ON and OFF states.

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Binary System

A numbering system that uses only two states, 0 and 1, to represent data in computers.

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1 bit

The smallest unit of data, representing two values: 0 and 1.

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4 bits (Nibble)

A Nibble consists of 4 bits, representing 16 combinations.

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8 bits (Byte)

A Byte consists of 8 bits, representing 256 combinations.

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ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, uses 8 bits to represent characters.

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Kilobyte (KB)

A unit of digital information equal to 1024 bytes.

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Megabyte (MB)

A unit of digital information equal to 1024 KB.

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Gigabyte (GB)

A unit of digital information equal to 1024 MB.

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Terabyte (TB)

A unit of digital information equal to 1024 GB.

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Software

Instructions that translate human commands to a computer.

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Hardware

Physical components of a computer that enable it to run software.

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Operating System

Software that processes instructions and manages computer memory and processes.

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Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)

Tools used to fault-isolate avionics components in aircraft.

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Motherboard

The main circuit board connecting all components in a computer.

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Microprocessor

The CPU within a microcomputer that processes instructions.

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Cooling Systems

Technologies to maintain temperature in computers, like fans and liquid cooling.

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Memory (RAM and ROM)

Temporary (RAM) and permanent (ROM) storage for data within a computer.

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Input Devices

Devices that allow users to give instructions to a computer.

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Software Updates

Modifications made periodically to enhance performance or fix issues.

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Magnetic Disk Storage

A storage method using magnetic bits on a disc surface to save data.

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Volatile Memory

Memory that loses all data when power is removed; e.g., semiconductor memory.

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Bit Cell

The basic unit in semiconductor memory, representing a 0 or 1 based on current flow.

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Data Density

The amount of data stored in a given area on a storage device; higher near the center of discs.

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Primary Storage

Main memory used in computing to store information for immediate access.

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Main Memory (RAM)

Stores programs and data that the CPU is currently using.

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I/O Circuitry

The system that allows input and output devices to communicate with the computer.

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Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

A specialized processor designed for handling graphics and image processing.

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Flight Control Computer (FCC)

A computer system used for controlling aircraft operations, follows strict requirements.

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Computer Processor

A collection of circuits designed to perform specific calculations.

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Calculator

A basic processor that performs mathematical calculations.

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The main part of a computer that performs calculations and logical operations.

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Resource Management

The process of allocating and tracking computer resources for various applications.

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Program Execution

The process of running programs and tasks on the computer.

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Study Notes

Basic Computer Structure (5.6.1)

  • Learning Objectives include describing computer terminology (bits, bytes, software, hardware, CPU, IC, RAM, ROM, PROM) and applications in aircraft systems.

Computer Terminology

  • Computers manipulate binary data (1s and 0s).
  • Input devices translate data into output.
  • Complex hardware/software is a combination of components.
  • The motherboard is a core component, with CPU and RAM slots, alongside other integrated circuits for peripherals.
  • Computer outputs are diverse and depend on running software.

Binary Digits

  • Transistors switch between ON and OFF states with voltage applied to the base.
  • Computers use binary numbering (0 and 1).
  • HIGH (ON/1) is typically 5V DC and LOW (OFF/0) is typically 0V DC.

Bits

  • A bit is a binary digit (1 or 0) used in computer circuits, representing information.
  • Bits combine to form logic circuits within the computer.

AND Gate

  • The light circuit works as an AND gate. This means the light only turns on when both input "A" and "B" are high (1).
  • The circuit's logic demonstrates how computers process information.

Bits, Nibbles, and Bytes

  • A bit is the smallest unit of computer information, with only two possible values (0 and 1).
  • Increasing the number of bits increases the number of states they can represent exponentially.
  • A nibble is 4 bits.
  • A byte is 8 bits.
  • A byte is often used to represent a single character in a computer system internally.

8 Bits = 1 Byte of Data

  • Computer storage is often measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
  • 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Integrated Circuits (ICs)

  • ICs (microchips) are assemblies of electronic components on a single unit.
  • Integrated circuits allow for more complex logic actions and miniaturization of components in computers.
  • ICs reduce the size and weight of computers, improve reliability, lower costs, and increase performance.
  • Disadvantages of ICs include problems with repair (replacement often the solution).

Computer Hardware

  • Computer hardware includes the physical components: case, motherboard, CPU, memory (RAM, ROM), graphics card, sound card, input devices (mouse, keyboard), output devices (monitor, speakers), and related circuit components like resistors, transistors, capacitors.

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