Computer Science Basics

<p>Von Neumann architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetch instructions from memory, decode them, and execute them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clock speed of the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase performance by allowing parallel execution of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing reliance on slower RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Computers integrated into other devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store programs and data long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lossy compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To translate URLs into IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store essential details about the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wireless access point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable device communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multitasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local Area Network and Wide Area Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operating systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary addition follows specific rules, including carrying digits and rounding down in case of overflow errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Character sets, such as ASCII and Unicode, allocate binary numbers to represent characters, with Unicode having more room for different languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Images are represented by pixels, and the resolution is the number of pixels, while color depth refers to the number of bits per pixel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metadata is stored with images, providing essential details about the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound is converted from analog to digital through sampling and has a sample rate and bit depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression reduces file size, with lossy compression deleting parts of the file and lossless compression rearranging the file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LANs are local area networks, while WANs are wide area networks that cover larger areas and have infrastructure owned by multiple entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In client-server networks, devices either act as clients or servers, with servers controlling what is given and who receives it. In peer-to-peer networks, devices can act as both clients and servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Network topologies include star and mesh, with star relying on a central device and mesh having direct connections to every other device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different hardware, such as wireless access points and routers, play specific roles in networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components of the CPU include the ALU (arithmetic logic unit), which performs mathematical and logical operations; the control unit, which coordinates the activities of the CPU; cache, which holds frequently accessed data; and registers, which store data and instructions within the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetch execute cycle is the process by which the CPU fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes them. The steps involved in the fetch execute cycle are: 1. Fetch - The CPU fetches the next instruction from memory. 2. Decode - The CPU decodes the instruction to determine what operation needs to be performed. 3. Execute - The CPU carries out the instruction, performing the specified operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clock speed of the CPU determines how often the fetch execute cycle is repeated per second. A higher clock speed allows for more instructions to be executed in a given time, resulting in faster performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple cores in a CPU allow for parallel execution of instructions. This means that multiple tasks can be performed simultaneously, increasing performance and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cache is a small, fast type of memory that holds frequently accessed items. By storing frequently used data closer to the CPU, cache reduces the time it takes to retrieve data from slower memory (such as RAM), improving overall performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary storage consists of RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory), which are used for temporary storage and storing permanent instructions respectively. Secondary storage, on the other hand, is where programs and data are stored long-term. Magnetic storage (hard disk drives), optical storage (DVDs), and solid-state storage (SSDs) are common examples of secondary storage options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary units, such as bits, nibbles, and bytes, are used to represent and store data in computers. They are composed of 0s and 1s, where each digit represents a binary value. By combining multiple binary units, different types of data can be represented and stored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Von Neumann architecture is the structure of a CPU. It consists of components such as the ALU (arithmetic logic unit), control unit, and registers. The ALU performs mathematical and logical operations, the control unit coordinates the activities of the CPU, and registers store data and instructions within the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded systems are computers integrated into other devices, such as household appliances and cars. They perform specific functions and are dedicated to the device they are embedded in. Examples of devices that integrate embedded systems include smart TVs, washing machines, and car navigation systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion between binary, hexadecimal, and decimal allows for representing and interpreting data in different formats. Place value tables provide a systematic approach to convert between these number systems by assigning values to each digit based on its position, making it easier to perform calculations and understand the representation of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers