Computer Science and Engineering Overview

The study of computation and information, including algorithms, computational problems, and the design of computer systems, hardware, software, and applications.

The field that combines electronic engineering and computer science to design and develop computer systems and other technological devices.

The automated process of acquiring, representing, transforming, storing, and transmitting information using computers.

The physical components of a computer, such as the motherboard, memory modules, keyboard, and screen.

The software programs that control the hardware and allow users to perform specific tasks, such as text processing, image editing, or playing games.

High speed, large computational power, huge storage capacity, networking capabilities, and human-machine interaction.

A device capable of receiving input data, processing it according to a set of instructions (programs), and providing output information.

The ability of a computer to communicate with other computers and users.

The study of information systems and their design, application, and management.

The part of a computer that stores data and instructions temporarily.

A device that uses individual silicon chips to perform all the basic operations of the computer, leading to increased speed and efficiency.

A method of storing instructions or data within the computer's memory, rather than on external media.

A type of computer program that controls and manages a computer's hardware and software resources, providing an interface for users to interact with the system.

A generation of computers that used transistors, resulting in more energy-efficient, smaller, and reliable machines.

A generation of computers that used vacuum tubes, which required significant power and generated a lot of heat.

A generation of computers that used integrated circuits, significantly reducing size, power consumption, and cost while increasing reliability.

A type of memory that utilizes magnetic cores to store data.

A type of programming language that uses a set of instructions that are specific to the computer's architecture.

A type of computer designed for individual users, typically used for personal tasks such as word processing, web browsing, and entertainment.

A type of programmable machine that uses punched cards to store instructions, influencing the development of computers.

A way to represent information using only 0s and 1s, converting all data into a binary format.

The smallest unit of information in a computer, representing either a 0 or a 1.

A group of 8 bits used to represent a character or a single byte.

A number system with base 10, using digits 0-9.

A number system with base 2, using only digits 0 and 1.

The process of converting a number from one base to another.

A standard for representing real numbers in computers, using a specific format for mantissa, exponent, and sign.

A way to represent a set of characters using a table that associates each character with a unique binary code.

A standard encoding scheme that uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters, commonly used for English text.

A standard encoding scheme that uses 16 bits to represent a larger set of characters, including alphabets and symbols from different languages.

A sequence of well-defined instructions that transform input into output in finite time.

A set of instructions written in a programming language that a computer can understand and execute.

A detailed description of an algorithm using words similar to natural language.

A visual representation of the flow of an algorithm, using standard symbols.

A type of instruction in an algorithm or program that executes a set of actions only if a specific condition is true.

A type of instruction in an algorithm or program that repeats a set of actions a certain number of times or until a condition is met.

A specific order issued to a computer as part of a program, telling it what to do.

An expression that can evaluate to either true or false, often used in conditional instructions.

The process of designing algorithms that use the fewest possible instructions to solve a problem efficiently.

Data that is entered into a computer to be processed by an algorithm.