Computer Science 120 Terms

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Questions and Answers

What is 256?

2 to the 8th power

Number of different numbers in a byte

Both A and B (correct)

None of the above

What does AI stand for?

Artificial Intelligence

What does ASCII stand for?

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

What is the concept of abstraction in computer science?

Removing detail to focus on a subset of features Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by an 'address' in computing?

Location in memory or identification for accessing Signup and view all the answers

What is agent-based modeling?

Simulating interactions between individual agents and their environment Signup and view all the answers

What is an agent in computing?

Independent sections of code and data Signup and view all the answers

What is an algorithm?

A set of instructions for accomplishing a task Signup and view all the answers

What does 'analog' refer to?

Measured in continuous values Signup and view all the answers

What is an application in computer science?

A runnable program providing a service Signup and view all the answers

What is 'artificial intelligence'?

Creation of programs to mimic human capabilities Signup and view all the answers

What does 'autonomous' imply in computing?

Controlled by computer programs, not people Signup and view all the answers

What is bandwidth?

Volume of information transmitted or processed per time unit Signup and view all the answers

What is 'big data'?

Processing vast amounts of rapidly changing data Signup and view all the answers

What is the binary number system?

Base 2 number system using 0's and 1's Signup and view all the answers

What is a bit?

The smallest unit of information, either 0 or 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a boot program?

The program run when the computer powers up Signup and view all the answers

What does 'boot' mean in computing?

To restart a computer Signup and view all the answers

What does 'broadcast' mean in messaging?

Sending the same message to all recipients Signup and view all the answers

What is a bus in computing?

Main pathway for bits in and out of a CPU Signup and view all the answers

What is a byte?

8 bits Signup and view all the answers

What does CPU intensive mean?

A program that runs mostly on the CPU Signup and view all the answers

What does CPU stand for?

Central Processing Unit Signup and view all the answers

What is cache in computing?

Memory used to speed up data access Signup and view all the answers

What is a card in computing?

A circuit board plugged into a motherboard Signup and view all the answers

What is the Central Processing Unit?

The main processing unit executing instructions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Computer Science Terms and Definitions

256: Represents 2 to the 8th power; the number of distinct numbers storable in a byte, ranging from 0 to 255.
AI (Artificial Intelligence): The branch of computer science focusing on creating programs to perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence.
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a 7-bit character coding scheme where each letter is assigned a binary value.
Abstraction: The process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on the most relevant features, omitting unnecessary details.
Address: Refers to a specific location in memory or an identification allowing access to digital resources like internet addresses.
Agent Based Modeling: Simulation approach modeling real-world interactions through independent agents; NetLogo is frequently used for such simulations.
Agent: Autonomous components of a model or system that interact and function independently.
Algorithm: A precise set of instructions designed to accomplish a specific task, guaranteed to terminate after execution.
Analog: Systems or signals measured with continuous values; examples include audio signals and traditional clocks.
Application: A self-contained software program that performs specific tasks and services for users.
Autonomous: Describes systems that operate independently through computer programming without human intervention.
Bandwidth: The capacity to transmit information, typically measured in bits or bytes per second.
Big Data: Refers to challenges associated with processing large volumes of rapidly refreshing data, such as sensor data from various sources.
Binary: The base-2 numeral system, consisting only of 0's and 1's; a system where k bits can represent 2^k different values.
Bit: The smallest unit of information in computing, represented as either a 0 or a 1; often denoted with a lowercase 'b.'
Boot Program: The initial program executed when computer hardware powers on.
Boot: Action of restarting a computer, regardless of its current operational state.
Broadcast: Transmission of a message to all recipients within a communication network.
Bus: Primary conduits for parallel data transfer within the CPU; encompasses multiple pathways for bit transmission.
Byte: A collection of 8 bits, commonly denoted with a capital 'B' (e.g., MB for megabytes).
CPU intensive: Describes programs predominantly utilizing CPU resources over waiting for memory data.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The core component where computation and instruction execution occur.
Cache: High-speed memory storing frequently accessed data to optimize performance, often located in slower storage mediums.
Card: A circuit board that connects to the computer motherboard, adding functionality or connectivity options.

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