Computer Programming 2 - Chapter 1

Computer Programming 2 - Chapter 1

• Course title: Computer Programming 2
• Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Naghamish
• Academic year: 1445 - 2023
• Resources: "C++ How to Program," 8th edition, Deitel & Deitel
• Chapters: 2 (Introduction to C++ Programming), 4 (Control Statements: Part 1), 5 (Control Statements: Part 2), 6 (Functions and Introduction to Recursion), 7 (Arrays and Vectors), 8 (Pointers)

Outline

• 1. Introduction
• 2. C++ overview
• 3. Simple Program example: Adding Two Integers in C++
• 4. C++ Standard Library overview
• 5. Header Files overview
• 6. Inline Functions
• 7. References and Reference Parameters details
• 8. Default Arguments
• 9. Unary Scope Resolution Operator
• 10. Function Overloading
• 11. Function Templates

C Language: 1.1 Introduction

• Procedural programming
• Top-down program design

C++ Language: 1.1 Introduction

• Object-based programming (classes, objects, encapsulation, operator overloading)
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): inheritance, polymorphism
• Generic programming (class templates, function templates)

1.1 Introduction – First Program: Printing a Line of Text

• Includes iostream to enable input and output to screen
• Uses cout stream object for displaying output: std::cout << "Welcome to C++ Programming." << endl;

1.1 Introduction – Data Types

• Data types and their sizes (in bytes): long double, double, float, unsigned long long int, long long int, etc.

1.1 Introduction – Operator Precedence

• Operator list with their precedence levels and associativity (left-to-right or right-to-left)

1.1 Introduction – Control Structures

• Selection statements (if, if-else, switch), repetition statements (for, while, do...while)

1.1 Introduction – Arrays

• Array declaration, element access, and examples of 1D and 2D arrays

1.1 Introduction – Allocation and Deallocation

• Dynamic memory allocation using new and deallocation using delete
• Example programs Demonstrating allocation and deallocation

1.2 C++

• Improvements over C
• Object-oriented capabilities
• Superset of C

1.3 A Simple Program: Adding Two Integers

• Input/Output in C++: streams of characters (input and output)
• Output streams examples using std::cout
• Input streams examples using std::cin

1.3 A Simple Program (continued)

• Stream manipulators like std::endl (end-line) for newlines or format strings
• Using namespaces (like std) to avoid naming conflicts
• Cascading operations (using several << in a single statement)

1.4 C++ Standard Library

• Building C++ programs using its functions and classes
• How to use the C++ standard library

1.5 Header Files

• Header files organize standard library functions, classes, etc.
• How to use header files in programs

1.6 Inline Functions

• Inlining functions for increased speed (though can increase code size)
• Using inline keyword to suggest inlining

1.7 References and Reference Parameters

• Pass by value vs. pass by reference
• References as aliases that affect originals directly
• Dangling references: references to variables that no longer exist
• Multiple references: like pointers

1.8 Empty Parameter Lists

• void keyword for functions without parameters

1.9 Default Arguments

• Using default values for function parameters

1.10 Unary Scope Resolution Operator (::)

• Accessing global variables if local variables have the same name

1.11 Function Overloading

• Overloaded functions share the same name but have different argument lists (number, types)
• Enables similar actions with different data types
• Compiler manages overload resolution

1.12 Function Templates

• Templates for generic code reusable across different data types
• Syntax, type parameters (typename or class) and usage