Computer Programming 1 Prelims

Programming Language Overview

• Programming language is a standardized method for expressing instructions to a computer.
• Examples include C, C++, Python, and Java.
• Categories:
  • High-Level Languages: More human-readable syntax, easier for users to understand (e.g., Python).
  • Low-Level Languages: Close to machine code, less human-readable (e.g., Assembly Language).

Introduction to C++

• C++ is a general-purpose programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Labs.
• Aimed to allow precise definition of operations for task execution, focusing on number and text manipulation.

Importance of C++

• One of the most popular programming languages used in various applications, including operating systems and embedded systems.
• Object-oriented programming language, enabling structured programming and code reuse to reduce development costs.
• Portable across different platforms, making it versatile for application development.

C++ Language Components

• Header files: Essential for handling input and output operations.
• using namespace std;: Instructs the compiler to utilize the standard namespace, organizing code logically.
• int main(): Defines the entry point of the C++ program where execution begins.
• cout: Stands for character output; used to display information on the screen.
• End of Line: end1 inserts a new line character and flushes the output stream.
• Return Statement: return 0; signifies successful execution of the program.

Basic Concepts and Tools

• Text Editors: Software tools like Notepad and Code Blocks used to write C++ code.
• Compilers: Tools that convert source code into machine code, enabling the computer to understand it.
• Variables: Fundamental in programming; used to store and manipulate values.

Sample C++ Code Understanding

• Basic structure includes header, main function, and output statements.
• Example output: cout << "This is my first C++ program"; displays text to the console.

Advantages of Learning C++

• Fun and easy to learn, providing robust programming foundations.
• Wide applicability in current technologies across various domains.

Definition of ICT

• Information Technology (IT) emerged in the early 1980s, highlighting the integration of computer and communication technologies.
• In the 1990s, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) became the preferred term, stressing the importance of communication.

Types of Technology

• Communication Technology: Encompasses all tools and software that process and transfer information.
• Content Technology: Involves devices and platforms that deliver and market timely and relevant information.
• Computer Technology: Represents the tools and systems used to solve complex problems.

Data vs. Information

• Data: Known as raw facts; fundamental to all operations.
• Information: Processed data that carries meaning for the user.

Importance of ICT

• Globalization: Facilitates international operations and influence for businesses and organizations.
• Knowledge Economy: Growth focused on the quality, quantity, and accessibility of information over traditional production methods.
• Business Transformation: Encourages collaboration and innovation through technology in businesses.
• Digital Transformation: Emphasizes the shift towards going paperless.

ICT Architecture

• Functions as a comprehensive blueprint for acquiring, developing, and integrating ICT that aligns with business strategies.

ICT Infrastructure

• Manages all resources and services linked to ICT within an organization.

ICT Resources

• Computer Hardware: Physical equipment for input, processing, storage, and output.
• Computer Software: Intangible components of computer systems.
• Communication Technology: Physical devices and software connecting different computers.
• Data: Core element utilized within ICT systems.

ICT Services

• Facilitate the use of ICT resources; examples include e-learning, e-commerce, and knowledge management.

ICT Management

• Focuses on the arrangement, operation, maintenance, and management of ICT resources and services.

ICT Strategic Planning

• Begins with understanding the overall goals of the organization and devising a plan to achieve them.

ICT Acquisition

• Involves obtaining ICT infrastructure, complicated by the variety of available technologies and their rapid evolution.

ICT Operational Plan

• Outlines the specific ICT projects that align with the strategic plan of the organization.

Assignment Topics

• Major types of computer system components.
• Types of primary storage.
• Types of secondary storage.
• Various input and output devices.
• Definition and examples of computer hardware.