Computer Programming (1) - Operators Quiz

Computer Programming (1) - Lecture Notes

• Course: Computer Programming (1)
• Lecture No.: 5 - Operators
• Lecturer: Dr. Khaled Mohammed bin Abdl
• Department: Information Technology
• College: Applied Science
• University: Seyion University
• Semester: 1, 2023

Content

• C++ operators
• Assignment operators
• Arithmetic operators
• Increment and decrement operators
• Decision-making operators (logical and relational)
• Conditional operator
• Precedence and associativity of operators
• Common errors

Operators

• Data connectors within expressions or equations
• Concept related:
  • Operand: Data that an operator connects and processes
  • Resultant: Answer when an operation is completed
• Operator types based on their mission:
  • Assignment
  • Arithmetic: addition, subtraction, modulo division, etc.
  • Relational: equal to, less than, greater than, etc.
  • Logical (decision-making): NOT, AND, OR

Operators (cont.)

• Operators types based on number of operands:
  • Unary operators:
    • Have only one operand
    • Can be prefix or postfix
    • Examples: !, ++, --
  • Binary operators:
    • Have two operands
    • Infix notation
    • Examples: +, -, *, /, %, &&, ==
  • Ternary operators:
    • Have three operands
    • Example: ?:

Assignment Operators

• Assignment statement form: varName = expression;
• Binary operators
• Expression evaluated and assigned to the left-side variable
• Shorthand notation:
  • varName = varName operator expression; (e.g., c = c + 3;)
  • varName operator= expression; (e.g., c += 3;)
• Assignment between objects of the same type is supported.

Arithmetic Operators

• All are binary operators
• Operations: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), modulus (%), etc.
• Arithmetic expressions in a straight-line form
• Parentheses () used for maintaining priority of manipulation

Arithmetic Operators Precedence

• Operators in parentheses evaluated first (nested/embedded parentheses evaluated first). Innermost parentheses first, then move outward.
• Operators in innermost pair first
• Multiplication, division, modulus next (applied from left to right)
• Addition, subtraction applied last (applied from left to right)

Arithmetic Operators Precedence (cont.)

• Order of Evaluation (Precedence):
  • Parentheses
  • Multiplication, division, modulus
  • Addition, subtraction

Example

• Algebraic statement: Z = pr % q + w / (x - y)
• Equivalent C++ statement: z = p * r % q + w / (x - y); (Note operator precedence)

Example, count

• Algebraic example: m = (a + b + c + d + e)/5
• Equivalent C++ statement: m = (a + b + c + d + e) / 5;

Increment and Decrement Operators

• Unary operators
• Adding 1 to (or subtracting 1 from) a variable's value
• Increment operator (same as c = c +1 or c+=1)
• Decrement operator (same as c = c -1 or c-=1)

Increment and Decrement Operators (cont.)

• Operator types:
  • Preincrement (e.g., ++a)
  • Postincrement (e.g., a++)
  • Predecrement (e.g., --b)
  • Postdecrement (e.g., b--)

Examples (increment/decrement)

• Illustrative example C++ code and output demonstrating increment/decrement

Common Compilation Errors

• Attempting to use the modulus operator (%) with non-integer operands.
• Spacing errors (eg., missing space between operators).
• Reversing order of operators (=! instead of !=).
• Incorrect use of assignment operator (=) instead of equality operator (==).

Relational and Equality Operators

• Binary operators
• Return true or false

Logical Operators

• Used to combine multiple conditions
• AND (&&): true if both conditions are true
• OR (||): true if either condition is true

Logical Operators (cont.)

• NOT (!): true when condition is false, returns opposite value of condition

Conditional Operator

• Ternary operator that requires three operands
• Syntax: Condition ? true_expression : false_expression

Examples (conditional operator)

• Demonstrative C++ code showing usage of the conditional operator.

Exercise - 1 (output)

• Illustrative example

Exercise - 2 (error)

• Explanation of a compilation error

End, Q&A

Test your knowledge on operators in C++ with this quiz based on the Computer Programming (1) course. Focus on various types of operators, their functionalities, and common errors associated with them. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of programming concepts.