Computer Programming 1 - Loops, Arrays, and Strings
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Questions and Answers

What does the function strcat(str1, str2) do?

  • It copies str2 into str1.
  • It compares two strings.
  • It checks if str1 and str2 are equal.
  • It combines str1 and str2 into a single string. (correct)

    • What is the output when strcmp(str1, str2) is called and both strings are equal?

  • 0 (correct)
  • Undefined value
  • -1
  • 1

    • Which header file is required to use the printf() function?

  • string.h
  • stdlib.h
  • math.h
  • stdio.h (correct)

    • Which function would you use to read user input from the console?

    <p>scanf()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sqrt() function compute?

    <p>The square root of a number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using fgets in string input?

    <p>It reads a string until the buffer is full.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If str1 is 'abc' and str2 is 'abc', what will strcmp(str1, str2) return?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given code snippet, which of the following is an example of array initialization?

    <p>int values[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a standard library function?

    <p>customFunction()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior of strcat() if str1 is 'Hello' and str2 is 'World'?

    <p>'HelloWorld'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if there is a whitespace between two strings while reading?

    <p>Only the first string will be read.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the strncat function do?

    <p>It concatenates a specified number of characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fgets function?

    <p>It can only read integers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is numbers in the code snippet?

    <p>Integer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to initialize an array?

    <p>To ensure the elements have default values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the initialization int values[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; represent?

    <p>A declaration of an array with initialized values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of strlwr()?

    <p>To convert uppercase characters into lowercase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the return type of a function that does not return a value?

    <p>void</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about user-defined functions is true?

    <p>They are designed to perform specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the strupr() function?

    <p>To convert lowercase characters into uppercase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of functions, what is meant by 'scope'?

    <p>The area of memory where variables are accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are parameters passed to functions?

    <p>By explicitly stating them when calling the function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a 'for' loop in C?

    <p>When the exact number of iterations is known beforehand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which programming scenario would a 'while' loop be most appropriate?

    <p>When user input can determine the iterations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of local variables?

    <p>They are only accessible within the function where they are declared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'do-while' loop in C?

    <p>To execute the loop body at least once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required in a function declaration?

    <p>The return type, function name, and parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'break' statement achieve in loop control?

    <p>It exits a loop prematurely based on a condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the output of a 'for' loop if set up to iterate 10 times without any additional code to process?

    <p>No output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a loop uses 'continue', what is the intended effect?

    <p>To skip the current iteration and proceed to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is user input validation commonly associated with loops?

    <p>Loops ensure user inputs can be repeated until valid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C, what is a common mistake when writing 'for' loops?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the function strncat(str1, str2, n) accomplish?

    <p>It concatenates a specific number of characters from str2 to str1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does strcpy(str1, str2) function primarily operate?

    <p>It copies str2 completely into str1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the function strlen(str) return?

    <p>The number of characters in the string excluding the null terminator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between strlen and sizeof?

    <p><code>sizeof</code> includes the null terminator when counting while <code>strlen</code> does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will strncpy(str1, str2, n) do?

    <p>It copies a specific number of characters from str2 to str1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is used to print size_t values in C?

    <p>%zu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does %zu represent in C?

    <p>A format specifier for printing size_t values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of sizeof(str) when str is a character array?

    <p>It includes the null terminator in the character count.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'break' statement in loops?

    <p>To stop the loop's execution and transfer control to the statement after the loop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the 'continue' statement function within a loop?

    <p>It skips the rest of the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration of the loop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a string in C programming?

    <p>A sequence of characters stored in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the null terminator ' ull' indicate in a string?

    <p>The end of the string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of an integer in memory in C?

    <p>4 bytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when scanf encounters a whitespace character while reading strings?

    <p>It stops reading and terminates the string input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines an array in C?

    <p>A fixed-size linear collection of similar type elements stored in contiguous memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to declare a string variable in C?

    <p>char message[] = &quot;Hello&quot;;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Programming 1 - Finals Coverage

    • Lesson V: Loops

      • while loop: Ideal when the exact number of iterations isn't known beforehand

      • do-while loop: Guarantees the loop body executes at least once

      • for loop: Used when the number of iterations is known upfront. Follows the format for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) { ... }

    • Lesson VI: Arrays

      • Arrays are collections of elements of the same data type, stored contiguously in memory.

      • Array indices start at 0

      • Each element can be accessed using its index

      • One integer typically takes 4 bytes of memory

    • Lesson VII: Strings

      • Strings are sequences of characters

      • In C, strings are arrays of characters

      • Strings often end with a null terminator (\0)

      • Functions like scanf are used to read strings from input but stop at whitespace

      • fgets is preferred when reading strings containing spaces.

    • Lesson VIII: Functions

      • Functions are blocks of code designed to perform a specific task.

      • main Function: Execution begins here

      • User-defined functions: Write your functions

      • Standard library functions: Predefined functions (like printf, scanf, strlen, strcpy) requiring inclusion of appropriate headers (like stdio.h, string.h). Example printf() is from stdio.h.

      • Return Types: Functions can return values. Common return types including int, float, char, or double.

      • Void Functions: Functions that don't return a value are declared using the void keyword

    String Operations/Functions

    • String Length:

      • strlen(str): Returns the length of the string, excluding the null terminator

    • String Concatenation:

      • strcat(str1, str2): Appends str2 to str1

      • strncat(str1, str2, n): Appends up to n characters of str2 to str1

    • String Copying:

      • strcpy(str1, str2): Copies str2 to str1

      • strncpy(str1, str2, n): Copies up to n characters of str2 to str1

    • String Comparison:

      • strcmp(str1, str2): Compares str1 and str2; returns 0 if equal, a negative value if str1 is less than str2, and a positive value if str1 is greater than str2.

    • String Lowercase/Uppercase Conversion:

      • strlwr(str) converts a string to lowercase

      • strupr(str) converts a string to uppercase

    • Input: The fgets function is preferred for reading strings that may contain whitespace; scanf stops at whitespace

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts from Computer Programming 1, focusing on loops, arrays, and strings. It includes questions on the usage of while, do-while, and for loops, as well as array handling and string manipulation in C. Test your understanding and prepare thoroughly for your finals!

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