Computer Parts: Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Main Computer Parts

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD): A permanent data storage device that doesn't delete data when the computer shuts down, featuring large capacity and faster performance compared to optical devices.
• CD-ROM Drive: A device used for reading CD media.
• Soundcard: A device used for sound creation and production through computer speakers.
• Graphics Card: A device responsible for image processing and displaying it on a monitor, featuring its own graphics processor and memory, with image quality dependent on the strength of these components.

Connectors or Ports

• Universal Serial Bus (USB): A port used to connect various devices such as mouse, keyboard, and USB memory.
• Parallel Port: A port used for connecting a local printer (LPT1 or LPT2).
• Network Port: A port used for connecting computers to a network.
• Firewire: A port used for connecting computers and audio-video devices (digital cameras, etc.).

Factors Affecting Computer Performance

• Processor Clock Speed: A factor affecting computer performance, measured in hertz (Hz).
• Amount of Installed RAM: A factor affecting computer performance, with more RAM resulting in better performance.
• Graphics Card: A factor affecting computer performance, with its memory and processor affecting image quality.
• Clock Bus: A factor affecting computer performance, with a faster clock bus resulting in better performance.
• Number of Running Applications: A factor affecting computer performance, with more running applications resulting in slower performance.

Measurement Units

• Hertz (Hz): A unit of measurement equal to one cycle per second.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• CPU (Processor): The central part of a computer, responsible for managing all other computer parts, monitoring their mutual communication, and performing arithmetic-logical operations.
• Processor Speed: Measured in hertz (Hz), with common units including megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz).
• Famous Manufacturers: Intel and AMD are two of the most famous manufacturers for personal computer processors.

CPU Components

• Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logic operations.
• Instruction Control Unit (ICU): Coordinates the machine's activities.
• Memory (Registers): Special memory cells in the CPU used as temporary holding places.

Cache

• Cache: A small capacity memory that allows quick access to data, increasing the speed of communication between the processor and RAM by storing data from working memory.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

• ROM: A type of permanent, internal memory used solely for reading, containing BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and start-up programs.
• ROM Features: ROM memory cannot be altered, and is not cleared when the power is turned off.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

• RAM: A working memory that stores analyzed data and programs while the computer runs, allowing reading and writing data, and deleting data when the computer shuts down.