Buses
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Questions and Answers

What happens if two or more devices all want to use the bus at the same time?

  • The bus becomes free for all devices to use simultaneously
  • The devices enter into a deadlock situation
  • The devices compete using a distributed arbitration process (correct)
  • The arbiter issues a grant signal to the highest priority request line only

    • What is Daisy Chained?

  • A method where devices are connected in parallel to the bus grant line
  • A method where devices are connected in series to the bus request line (correct)
  • A method where devices are connected in series to the bus grant line
  • A method where devices are connected in parallel to the bus request line

    • What are disadvantages of Single Bus Arbitration?

  • Fixed priorities and increased arbitration time with more devices (correct)
  • Low cost and independence from a central arbiter
  • Limited number of connected devices and decreased bus lines requirement
  • Increased fault tolerance and complexity in implementation

    • What is PCI bus?

    <p>A peripheral component interconnect bus with each device having its own bus request and grant lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arbitration is used in SCSI bus?

    <p>Distributed arbitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of arbitration is more Fault tolerant?

    <p>Distributed Arbitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of technique may result in process starvation?

    <p>Single Shared Bus Arbitration with Daisy Chaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bus in a computer system?

    <p>To provide a communication pathway between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many parts does a bus consist of?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the address lines in a bus?

    <p>Carries Address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bus arbitration?

    <p>A scheme used to avoid conflicts when multiple devices want to use the bus simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a bus arbiter?

    <p>To decide which device will be allowed to use the bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of Bus Arbitration mentioned in the text?

    <p>Centralized Arbitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if two or more devices want to use the bus at the same time?

    <p>They use bus arbitration to avoid conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a centralized arbitration involve?

    <p>A single shared bus request line (daisy chained)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of a generic computer mentioned in the text?

    <p>CPU, Memory, I/O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized one-level bus arbiter using daisy chaining?

    <p>Advantages: Easy to implement, inexpensive, Devices nearer to the arbiter have higher priorities. Disadvantages: Fixed priorities, bus starvation may happen, arbitration time increases with more devices, not fault-tolerant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized two-level bus arbiter using daisy chaining?

    <p>Advantages: Multiple shared bus request with different priority levels, issues grant signal to highest priority request line, uses daisy chaining for same priority requests. Disadvantages: Fixed priorities, bus starvation may happen, arbitration time increases with more devices, not fault-tolerant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized bus arbitration with independent bus request and grant lines?

    <p>Advantages: Faster arbitration time, better fault-tolerance, can apply several priority policies. Disadvantages: Complex and expensive to implement, control lines proportional to the number of hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of distributed arbitration?

    <p>Advantages: Less cost, higher reliability, fault-tolerant. Disadvantages: Fixed priorities, bus starvation, requires many bus lines, limited number of devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a single shared bus request line in bus arbitration?

    <p>To issue a grant by setting the bus grant line to 1, connected to all devices in series, used in a centralized one-level bus arbiter using daisy chaining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of multiple shared bus request with different priority levels in bus arbitration?

    <p>To issue a grant signal to the highest priority request line only, and to use daisy chaining for same priority requests, used in a centralized two-level bus arbiter using daisy chaining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the configuration used in Peripheral Components Interconnect (PCI) bus?

    <p>Independent bus request lines, where each device has its own bus request and grant lines, and the arbiter can apply several priority policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two or more devices want to use the bus at the same time in distributed arbitration?

    <p>The arbiter issues a grant signal to the highest priority request line only, and if more than one request is made on the same priority level, daisy chaining is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of arbitration is used in SCSI bus?

    <p>Distributed arbitration, where each device has its own bus request line and is connected to all bus request lines of other devices, and priorities are assigned usually from 0 to 15.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of arbitration offers higher reliability and is fault-tolerant?

    <p>Distributed arbitration, where the operation of the bus is not dependent on any single device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a bus arbiter?

    <p>A bus arbiter is a master device used to decide which device will be allowed to use the bus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three bus lines groups?

    <p>A Bus consists of three parts: Data lines, Address Lines, and Control Lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bus arbitration?

    <p>Bus arbitration is a scheme that devices use to avoid stepping over each other when multiple devices want to use the bus at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of a generic computer mentioned in the text?

    <p>The components of a generic computer mentioned in the text are CPU, Memory, Input/Output, Control unit, and Datapath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bus?

    <p>A bus is a communication pathway that connects two or more devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the control lines in a bus?

    <p>The control lines carry commands from the CPU to Memory and I/Os.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a centralized arbitration involve?

    <p>Centralized arbitration involves a central control device (arbiter) and a scheme for devices to avoid conflicts when using the bus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if two or more devices want to use the bus at the same time?

    <p>They use bus arbitration to avoid conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of Bus Arbitration mentioned in the text?

    <p>The types of bus arbitration mentioned in the text are Centralized Arbitration and Distributed Arbitration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if two or more devices want to use the bus at the same time? How is this issue resolved?

    <p>They use bus arbitration, which is a scheme that devices use to avoid conflicts when using the bus at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bus Arbitration

    • When two or more devices want to use the bus at the same time, a bus arbitration technique is used to resolve the conflict.
    • Bus arbitration ensures that only one device can use the bus at a time, preventing data corruption and ensuring data integrity.

    Types of Bus Arbitration

    • Centralized Bus Arbitration: uses a single bus arbiter to manage bus access.
    • Distributed Bus Arbitration: each device has its own arbiter, and devices negotiate among themselves to access the bus.

    Centralized Bus Arbitration

    • Uses a single bus arbiter to manage bus access.
    • Can be implemented using daisy chaining, where devices are connected in a series and the bus arbiter is at the end of the chain.
    • Advantages: simple to implement, low cost.
    • Disadvantages: single point of failure, slower access time.

    Distributed Bus Arbitration

    • Each device has its own arbiter, and devices negotiate among themselves to access the bus.
    • Advantages: faster access time, higher reliability, fault-tolerant.
    • Disadvantages: more complex to implement, higher cost.

    Bus Configuration

    • PCI bus: uses a centralized bus arbitration technique.
    • SCSI bus: uses a distributed bus arbitration technique.

    Bus Components

    • A bus consists of three groups of lines: address lines, data lines, and control lines.
    • Address lines: used to specify the address of the device or memory location.
    • Control lines: used to manage the flow of data and control the bus access.

    Bus Arbitration Techniques

    • Single Bus Arbitration: a single bus arbiter is used to manage bus access.
    • Daisy Chained Bus Arbitration: devices are connected in a series and the bus arbiter is at the end of the chain.
    • Independent Bus Request and Grant Lines: each device has its own request and grant lines.
    • Multiple Shared Bus Request with Different Priority Levels: multiple devices share the same bus request line, but with different priority levels.

    Importance of Bus Arbitration

    • Ensures data integrity and prevents data corruption.
    • Allows multiple devices to share the same bus.
    • Enables efficient use of bus bandwidth.

    Role of Bus Arbiter

    • Manages bus access and ensures that only one device can use the bus at a time.
    • Resolves conflicts between devices that want to use the bus simultaneously.

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    Related Documents

    Computer Organization - Computer Buses PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on computer buses and their role in the organization and architecture of computer memory. Explore topics such as bus arbitration and distributed arbitration.

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