Computer Organization Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which component of a computer is responsible for processing instructions and controlling operations?

  • Output Unit
  • Input Unit
  • Memory Unit
  • Control Unit (correct)

What operations can the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) perform?

  • Arithmetic and logic operations (correct)
  • Controlling data flow
  • Storing data
  • Receiving user input

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic operations performed by a computer?

  • Processes data
  • Accepts data
  • Produces output
  • Manufactures hardware (correct)

What does the Control Unit (CU) NOT decide during operation?

<p>What data should be stored (C)</p>
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Which component is referred to as the 'brain' of a computer system?

<p>Central Processing Unit (D)</p>
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What is the primary function of system software?

<p>To manage computer resources and operations (B)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a type of system software?

<p>Database Management Software (B)</p>
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What role do utility programs play in system software?

<p>They serve specific user needs not met by the OS. (D)</p>
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Which operating system is considered a type of system software?

<p>Windows (D)</p>
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Which of the following is an example of a utility program?

<p>Antivirus Software (B)</p>
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What is the relationship between operating systems and application software?

<p>Operating systems manage application software execution. (B)</p>
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What are the programs executed when the computer is turned on primarily stored in?

<p>ROM (D)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT considered part of an operating system's function?

<p>Running antivirus scans automatically (D)</p>
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What is the primary function of the ALU in a computer?

<p>Performing arithmetic and logical operations (D)</p>
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What is the combined function of the ALU and CU commonly referred to as?

<p>CPU (A)</p>
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Which term describes the act of converting data into meaningful information?

<p>Processing (D)</p>
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Which of the following devices is considered an input device?

<p>Keyboard (A)</p>
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How many keys are typically found on a standard keyboard?

<p>104 (A)</p>
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Which device among the following is NOT classified as an input device?

<p>Monitor (C)</p>
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Which of the following is a function of peripheral devices?

<p>Performing specific external functions (A)</p>
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What is the primary type of input that a microphone processes?

<p>Voice input (B)</p>
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What type of keyboard is most commonly used?

<p>QWERTY (C)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a common type of microphone mentioned?

<p>Wireless Microphone (B)</p>
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What is a key advantage of using a trackball over a traditional mouse?

<p>It requires less space. (D)</p>
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Which output device is described as potentially the most important due to user interaction?

<p>Monitor (C)</p>
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How does the video adapter function in relation to the monitor?

<p>It converts information from CPU to display format. (D)</p>
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Which types of monitors are primarily used with microcomputers?

<p>CRT and LCD (D)</p>
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What type of input device is a trackball categorized as?

<p>Pointing device (B)</p>
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Which of the following is an input device rather than an output device?

<p>Microphone (C)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of a compiler?

<p>To convert high level language programs into machine language (B)</p>
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Which of the following languages is primarily known for solving mathematical and scientific problems?

<p>FORTRAN (B)</p>
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What type of programming language is C++ considered to be?

<p>Object-oriented programming language (B)</p>
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Which statement correctly describes the relationship between source programs and object programs?

<p>Source programs are translated into object programs by compilers. (B)</p>
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What is the main function of an assembler?

<p>To convert assembly language into machine language (C)</p>
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What characterizes BASIC as a programming language?

<p>It was widely used in earlier microcomputers and is easy to learn. (D)</p>
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How does a compiler differ from an interpreter?

<p>A compiler generates an object program, while an interpreter executes code directly. (B)</p>
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Which high level language is typically used in business-oriented applications?

<p>COBOL (C)</p>
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Study Notes

Computer Organization

  • A computer performs five major operations: input data, store data, process data, output results, and control operations.
  • The functional units include Input Unit, Control Unit (CU), Memory Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Output Unit.
  • The Control Unit supervises input, output, processing, and storage, ensuring operations are performed in a structured sequence.

Memory Unit and ALU

  • Memory Unit stores data and instructions required for processing.
  • The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) carries out basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logical operations, and comparisons.
  • The combination of ALU and CU is referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), considered the "brain" of the computer.

Peripheral Devices

  • Peripheral devices are external components connected to a computer.
  • They are categorized as Input Devices, Output Devices, and Other Peripherals.

Input Devices

  • Accept data and instructions from users.
  • Common input devices include:
    • Keyboard: Standard device for text input, typically a QWERTY layout with around 104 keys.
    • Mouse: A common pointing device for user navigation.
    • Touch Screen: Allows direct interaction with display.
    • Microphone: Captures voice input, available as desktop or handheld types.
    • Track Ball: A stationary pointing device that requires less space, operates by rotating a ball.

Output Devices

  • Return processed information to users.
  • Common output devices include:
    • Monitor: Displays visual output; two main types are CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
    • Printers: Produce physical copies of digital documents.
    • Plotters: Used for printing vector graphics.
    • Speakers: Output sound.

System Software

  • Set of programs executed upon booting, activating different computer units.
  • Operating System (OS) manages hardware and software resources and provides an interface for user interaction.
  • Popular operating systems include UNIX, Windows, and Linux.
  • Utility programs enhance the OS by providing additional functionality like file compression, antivirus protection, etc.

Programming Languages

  • High-level languages are user-friendly, while assembly language is machine-dependent.
  • Examples of programming languages include:
    • BASIC: Beginner-friendly and was widely used in early microcomputers.
    • COBOL: Standard language for commercial applications.
    • FORTRAN: Used in scientific and mathematical applications.
    • C: Structured programming language for various applications.
    • C++: Object-oriented language, widely used in general programming.

Compiler and Assembler

  • Compiler: Converts high-level language programs (source program) into machine language (object program).
  • Assembler: Translates assembly language programs into machine language.
  • Both tools are essential for the execution of programs on computers, ensuring human-readable code is transformed into machine-readable code.

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