Computer Networks

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a Peer-To-Peer network?

All computers are connected to a main server.

Each computer manages itself. (correct)

It has a centralized system for data backup.

It requires a dedicated server for security.

What is a disadvantage of a Peer-To-Peer network?

It is easy to set up and maintain.

It requires a dedicated server for performance.

It has a centralized system for data backup.

It has a security issue. (correct)

What is the role of a server in a Client/Server network?

To manage its own resources.

To backup data for other clients.

To manage all the resources such as files, directories, and printer. (correct)

To communicate with other clients directly.

What is an advantage of a Client/Server network?

It has a dedicated server that improves the overall performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of a Client/Server network?

It requires a dedicated server with large memory. Signup and view all the answers

How do clients communicate with each other in a Client/Server network?

Through a centralized server. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of having a centralized system in a Client/Server network?

It improves the overall security of the network. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a Client/Server network?

A centralized system administers the shared resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Data Link layer?

To provide access control and determine which device has control over the link at a given time Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of the Network layer?

To manage device addressing, track the location of devices, and determine the best path to move data Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for routing and forwarding packets?

Network layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of adding source and destination addresses to the header of the frame called?

Addressing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Transport layer?

To ensure that messages are transmitted in the correct order and without duplication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of breaking down data into packets?

Packetizing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of a router?

To provide routing services within an internetwork Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of connecting multiple devices on the same network?

Internetworking Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range of a twisted pair cable?

0 to 3.5 KHz Signup and view all the answers

What determines the degree of reduction in noise interference in a twisted pair?

The number of turns per foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum data rate that Category 5 unshielded twisted pair can support?

200Mbps Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of unshielded twisted pair?

It can only be used for shorter distances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of shielded twisted pair?

It provides a higher data transmission rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of unshielded twisted pair?

It is cheap Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of shielded twisted pair?

It is expensive compared to UTP and coaxial cable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between unshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair?

The presence of mesh surrounding the wire Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range of terrestrial microwave?

4-6 GHz to 21-23 GHz Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using microwave transmission over cables?

It is free from land acquisition Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of microwave transmission?

It is affected by environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the signal when it is transmitted using microwave transmission?

It is moved out of phase by using microwave transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using satellite communication?

It is more reliable nowadays Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a satellite in satellite communication?

It amplifies the signal from the earth station Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of satellite communication?

It is limited by the allocation of bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of microwave transmission?

It is susceptible to eavesdropping Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of multiplexing?

To allow multiple signals to share a common medium Signup and view all the answers

What is the device used for demultiplexing?

Demultiplexer (DEMUX) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind multiplexing?

Many-to-one Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of multiple signals sharing a common medium without multiplexing?

Signal collision Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the telephone carrier multiplexing?

George Owen Squier Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of a multiplexer?

A single output line Signup and view all the answers

In what year did multiplexing originate in telegraphy?

1870s Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of multiplexing on transmission services?

Reduces the cost of transmission services Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Peer-to-Peer Network

In a peer-to-peer network, if one computer stops working, the others will not be affected.
Each computer manages itself, making it easy to set up and maintain.
Disadvantages include:
- No centralized system for data backup.
- Security issues since each device manages itself.

Client/Server Network

A client/server network is designed for end users (clients) to access resources from a central computer (server).
The server manages all resources, including security and network management.
Clients communicate with each other through the server.
Advantages include:
- Centralized system for data backup.
- Improved performance and security.
- Faster resource sharing.
Disadvantages include:
- High cost of the server and its operating system.
- Requires a dedicated server with large memory.

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Manages device addressing and tracking.
Determines the best path for data transmission based on network conditions and priority.
Responsible for routing and forwarding packets.
Routers are layer 3 devices used for routing services.
Protocols used for routing include IP and IPv6.
Functions include:
- Internetworking: connecting different devices.
- Addressing: adding source and destination addresses to packets.
- Routing: determining the best path for data transmission.
- Packetizing: dividing data into packets.

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Ensures that messages are transmitted in the correct order and without duplication.
Responsible for complete data transfer.
Provides error-free transfer of data.

Guided Media

Types:
- Twisted Pair:
  - Made up of two insulated copper wires twisted together.
  - Categories: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, with increasing speeds.
  - Advantages: cheap, easy to install, lightweight.
  - Disadvantages: limited distance due to attenuation.
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):
  - Has a mesh surrounding the wire for higher transmission rates.
  - Advantages: higher capacity, easier to install, shielded.
  - Disadvantages: more expensive than UTP.

Microwave

Frequency range: 4-6 GHz to 21-23 GHz.
Bandwidth: 1-10 Mbps.
Short distance: inexpensive.
Long distance: expensive due to tower requirements.
Attenuation: affected by environmental conditions and antenna size.
Advantages:
- Cheaper than cable transmission.
- No land acquisition required.
- Easy communication in terrains.
- Communication over oceans possible.
Disadvantages:
- Susceptible to eavesdropping.
- Out of phase signal.
- Weather conditions affect signal.
- Limited bandwidth.

Satellite Microwave Communication

A satellite is a physical object that revolves around the earth.
Satellite communication is more reliable and flexible than cable and fiber optic systems.
How it works:
- Signal is transmitted from earth station to satellite.
- Satellite amplifies the signal.
- Multiplexing is used to combine multiple data streams.
- Signal is transmitted back to earth station.
Multiplexing:
- Why: to avoid collision and share bandwidth.
- Concept: combining multiple signals into one.
- History: originated in telegraphy in the 1870s.
- Types: many-to-one, one-to-many.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of computer networks, including the advantages and disadvantages of Peer-To-Peer networks and the basics of Client/Server networks.