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Questions and Answers
What is a primary disadvantage of infrared communication?
What is a primary disadvantage of infrared communication?
Which of the following applications primarily uses radio wave transmission?
Which of the following applications primarily uses radio wave transmission?
What is an advantage of microwave transmission compared to infrared communication?
What is an advantage of microwave transmission compared to infrared communication?
Which statement about radio wave transmission is accurate?
Which statement about radio wave transmission is accurate?
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One of the main disadvantages of using radio wave transmission is that it is:
One of the main disadvantages of using radio wave transmission is that it is:
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What is a common feature of infrared and microwave communications?
What is a common feature of infrared and microwave communications?
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Which of the following describes a limitation of infrared communication?
Which of the following describes a limitation of infrared communication?
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What is a significant advantage of radio wave transmission over infrared communication?
What is a significant advantage of radio wave transmission over infrared communication?
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What is a significant disadvantage of a ring topology?
What is a significant disadvantage of a ring topology?
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Which topology is characterized by each device being connected to every other device?
Which topology is characterized by each device being connected to every other device?
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What is a primary advantage of mesh topology?
What is a primary advantage of mesh topology?
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What is the primary advantage of using VoIP software for phone calls?
What is the primary advantage of using VoIP software for phone calls?
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What is the typical range of a Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN)?
What is the typical range of a Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN)?
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Which method of VoIP service involves an analog-to-digital converter?
Which method of VoIP service involves an analog-to-digital converter?
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Which type of network is primarily characterized by covering a short distance and often being privately owned?
Which type of network is primarily characterized by covering a short distance and often being privately owned?
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What is a defining feature of IP phones?
What is a defining feature of IP phones?
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What is a disadvantage of Personal Area Networks (PANs)?
What is a disadvantage of Personal Area Networks (PANs)?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for computer-to-computer VoIP?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for computer-to-computer VoIP?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of network mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of network mentioned?
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What technology does GSM use to support multiple simultaneous calls?
What technology does GSM use to support multiple simultaneous calls?
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What limitation is commonly associated with the wiring in mesh topology?
What limitation is commonly associated with the wiring in mesh topology?
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What is one of the main characteristics of video conferencing technology?
What is one of the main characteristics of video conferencing technology?
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Which frequency range is used by GSM in the United States?
Which frequency range is used by GSM in the United States?
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What is a key benefit of utilizing video conferencing for meetings?
What is a key benefit of utilizing video conferencing for meetings?
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What is the primary role of TCP in data transmission?
What is the primary role of TCP in data transmission?
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How does IP determine where to forward packets?
How does IP determine where to forward packets?
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What protocol does Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) primarily facilitate?
What protocol does Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) primarily facilitate?
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Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails over the Internet?
Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails over the Internet?
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What is a significant disadvantage of using SMTP?
What is a significant disadvantage of using SMTP?
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What must a client computer have to send email using SMTP?
What must a client computer have to send email using SMTP?
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What does POP3 do when receiving email?
What does POP3 do when receiving email?
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Which protocol allows for enhanced features beyond the original SMTP?
Which protocol allows for enhanced features beyond the original SMTP?
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What is the key difference between message switching and packet switching regarding data size limitations?
What is the key difference between message switching and packet switching regarding data size limitations?
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What advantage does packet switching have over message switching?
What advantage does packet switching have over message switching?
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How are packets stored in packet switching?
How are packets stored in packet switching?
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Which of the following describes the process of message switching?
Which of the following describes the process of message switching?
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What happens to packets in a packet-switching network when it becomes overloaded?
What happens to packets in a packet-switching network when it becomes overloaded?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of circuit switching?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of circuit switching?
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Which type of switching technique makes use of headers in data packets for routing information?
Which type of switching technique makes use of headers in data packets for routing information?
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What characterizes the charging method for message switching?
What characterizes the charging method for message switching?
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What is a key characteristic of message switching compared to packet switching?
What is a key characteristic of message switching compared to packet switching?
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Which of the following defines how messages are formatted and transmitted on the World Wide Web?
Which of the following defines how messages are formatted and transmitted on the World Wide Web?
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What is an advantage of using XML over HTML?
What is an advantage of using XML over HTML?
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How is data accessed in packet switching compared to message switching?
How is data accessed in packet switching compared to message switching?
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What role do domain names play on the internet?
What role do domain names play on the internet?
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What format does a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) represent?
What format does a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) represent?
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Which statement correctly differentiates packet switching from message switching?
Which statement correctly differentiates packet switching from message switching?
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Why is hypertext significant in web documents?
Why is hypertext significant in web documents?
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Study Notes
Computer Networks - Part II: Transmission Media
- Transmission media carries signals from one computer to another.
- Two types:
- Guided media (Wired Technology): Data signals are physically transferred through a wired medium.
- Unguided media (Wireless Technology): Data is transmitted through waves.
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Twisted pair cable (Ethernet Cable): A common transmission medium consisting of two insulated wires twisted in a spiral pattern.
- Used for short and medium-range communication.
- Suitable for cables longer than a few hundred meters.
- Twisting of wires prevents cross-talk.
- Two types:
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Used in older telephone networks and for network and data communications to reduce outside interference.
- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Used for television signals and by corporations in building security systems.
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Advantages of Twisted Pair Cable:
- Simple, lightweight, easy to install and maintain
- Capable of carrying signals over long distances
- Physically flexible
- Inexpensive for low-speed applications
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Disadvantages of Twisted Pair Cable:
- Low bandwidth capabilities, not suitable for broadband applications
- Prone to noise signals
- Easy to break due to its thin structure
Coaxial Cable
- Consists of a central copper wire surrounded by PVC insulation, a copper mesh sleeve, and another layer of PVC
- More expensive than twisted pair cable but performs better.
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Advantages:
- Better data transmission characteristics than twisted pair
- Used for broadband communication (multiple channels simultaneously)
- Offers high bandwidth (up to 400 Mbps)
- Can be used as a basis for a shared cable network
- Better transmission quality than twisted pair
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Disadvantages:
- More expensive than twisted pair
- Difficult to manage and reconfigure
Fiber Optic Cables
- Made of thin strands of glass or glass-like material that transmit light.
- Light sources: laser diodes (LD) or light-emitting diodes (LED)
- Modulation techniques are used for data transmission
- Three parts: core, cladding, and protective coating
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Advantages:
- Immune to electrical and magnetic interference
- Suitable for harsh industrial environments
- Guarantees secure transmission and has a high capacity
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Disadvantages:
- Difficult to install and maintain
- Expensive
Infrared Communication
- Infrared light transmits data through the air.
- Requires a transceiver in both communicating devices.
- Line-of-sight transmission; sensitive to atmospheric conditions (fog)
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Advantages:
- Low power consumption
- Simple and inexpensive circuitry
- Relatively secure due to short range
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Disadvantages:
- Short range
- Obstructions (walls, buildings) prevent transmission
Radio Waves
- Transmission using radio frequencies.
- Used in various applications (radio, television, GPS, wireless networks).
- Transmitters encode messages onto sine waves, and receivers decode them.
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Advantages:
- Offers mobility
- Suitable for long-distance communication
- Can pass through obstacles relatively easily
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Disadvantages :
- Insecure communication channels
- Susceptible to weather changes
-
Advantages:
Microwave Waves
- Electromagnetic waves in the 2 to 40 GHz frequency range
- Line-of-sight transmission; requires repeaters for long distances.
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Advantages:
- Does not require laying cables
- High-capacity
- Suitable for long-distance communications
-
Disadvantages:
- Signals weaken with distance, requiring frequent amplification
- Installations and maintenance are very expensive
- Affected by weather conditions
-
Advantages:
Network Protocols (Protocols)
- Sets of rules for communication between network devices.
- Defines standardized data formats and error correction techniques.
- Includes HTTP, FTP, TCP/IP, SLIP/PPP, SMTP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, and VoIP
- HTTP: Protocol for transferring hypertext over the web
- FTP: Protocol for transferring files over the internet
- TCP/IP: Common internet protocol used for communication.
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
- Protocol to receive emails, storing them on the server until picked up.
Remote Access Protocol (Telnet)
- Protocol for connecting to remote computers
Chat Protocol and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
- Real-time informal communication over the Internet (e.g., chatting).
- VoIP enables voice transfer over the internet, using packet switching instead of public switched telephone networks.
Internet/Computer Protocols (GSM, GPRS, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
- GSM: Digital cellular system; frequently used for mobile communication
- GPRS: Data transfer technology used for mobile devices in many countries
- 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G: Successively improved generations of wireless mobile technology, offering improved data speeds and functionalities.
Mobile Processors
- Central Processing Unit (CPU) chips designed for mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones.
- Consume lower voltages and generate less heat than processors in desktop computers.
Network Devices (Modem, RJ45 connector, Repeater, Hub)
- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog signals (and vice versa), for transmission over telephone lines
- RJ45 connector: Standard 8-pin connector for Ethernet cables (network cables)
- Repeater: Regenerates and retransmits signals to extend network
- Hub: A network device that connects multiple devices on a network.
Network Topologies (Bus, Star, Tree, Mesh)
- Bus: A single cable connects all devices, and data travels across the cable to all connected devices.
- Star: Each device is connected to a central hub, which manages the communication between devices.
- Tree: A combination of star and bus network topologies, incorporating a hierarchical structure.
- Mesh: Each device is connected to multiple other devices, with multiple possible paths for data transmission.
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Description
Explore the different types of transmission media in computer networks, focusing on guided and unguided technologies. Learn about twisted pair cables, including their types, advantages, and applications. This quiz will assess your understanding of these fundamental concepts.
