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Computer Networks Fundamentals
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Computer Networks Fundamentals

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@VibrantSwamp

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

  • To distribute traffic better than a single server and protect from DDoS attacks (correct)
  • To govern international domain registrations
  • To translate human-usable domain names into IP addresses
  • To provide infrastructure for app platforms

    • Registrars register top-level domains (TLDs).

    False

    What does ICANN govern?

    Internationally, ICANN governs Registrars and Registries.

    The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-usable domain names into __________.

    <p>IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organizations with their roles:

    <p>IANA = Provides IP addresses used by Registries and Registrars RIR = Provides IP addresses used by Registries and Registrars CIRA = Administers top-level domains (TLDs) Tucows = Registers domain names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects end users to the Internet?

    <p>Internet Service Providers (ISPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloudflare is a Recursive DNS provider.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of authoritative DNS?

    <p>Official reference of domains, names, and related IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-tier design and client-server model, what is the role of the client?

    <p>User-facing presentation, user data management, and telling the server what to do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a single-tier design, the terminal/thin client interacts with the user as directed by the server.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of FTP?

    <p>To transfer data between clients and servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary category of websites that includes wikipedia.org?

    <p>Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Cloud Computing, remote server systems store, manage, and process data for __________.

    <p>small local servers, PCs, mobile devices, web apps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions:

    <p>DEC VT-100 = Terminal introduced in 1978 IBM 3270 = Terminal introduced in 1971 Thin Client = HTML5 + CSS3 + JS based client FTP Client = Interacts with local Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Google.com is the website with the highest monthly traffic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cloud-based collaboration tools used in Activity 1?

    <p>Microsoft 365</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Cloud Computing?

    <p>Rapidly provisioned and released resources on demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-tier design, the client maintains its own file system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud computing can be categorized into three main types: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and _______________ as a Service (SaaS).

    <p>Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transferred between platforms in FTP?

    <p>Only data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following websites can be considered a Social Media Network?

    <p>instagram.com</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following websites with their respective categories:

    <p>twitter.com = Social Media Networks baidu.com = Search Engines (China) office.com = Microsoft 365 whatsapp.com = Social Media Networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Domain Name System (DNS) is used for content delivery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated total number of visits per month per human?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a network?

    <p>To share resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet is a single network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does WAN stand for?

    <p>Wide Area Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _______ is a network of peer networks.

    <p>Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of computer networks with their descriptions:

    <p>WAN = Public Internet LAN = High-speed network for an Intranet MAN = Network that connects multiple cities Intranet = Network inside a private organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of open standards on the Internet?

    <p>Innovation and cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization founded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1994?

    <p>W3C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Net neutrality means that all packets are prioritized based on their content.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of Net Neutrality?

    <p>Internet providers do not use their position to favour some applications and services over others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    OSTEP and CIAIT are supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of DevOps?

    <p>Integrated Development and Operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The AI/ML Fintech algo trading framework is used for _______________ purposes.

    <p>trading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following technologies with their descriptions:

    <p>Hyperscale ARM™ servers = High-performance servers for data processing Data Lake = Centralized repository for storing and processing large datasets Intelligent Radio Signal Processing = AI-based spectrum analyzer for radio signals AI/ML Content-based Tagging = Categorization of video content using AI and machine learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Data Lake?

    <p>To store and manage large datasets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloudflare is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) provider.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Super-Embedded Systems?

    <p>Embedded systems with high performance and low power consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Networks

    • A network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.
    • Types of computer networks:
      • WAN (Wide Area Network): e.g. public Internet
      • Intranet: inside a private network
      • LAN (Local Area Network): high-speed network for an intranet
      • VPN (Virtual Private Network): remote connection to a private intranet across a public network via IP tunnelling
      • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): e.g. TTC subway station WiFi

    Success of the Internet

    • Open Standards:
      • TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML, WWW browser
      • Sir Tim Berners-Lee (1990)
      • Marc Andreessen (1993)
      • W3C (1994)
    • Open Source:
      • GNU/Linux (1991)
      • Apache Web Server (1995)
    • World-wide networking:
      • Glass fibre and telecom gold rush
      • Affordable bandwidth: speed and capacity grow for the same cost
      • Decentralized, cooperative infrastructure
      • Growth by cooperation
      • Innovation by competition
    • Net Neutrality: all packets are created equal

    Internet Infrastructure

    • Tier 1/2 IXP (Internet Exchange Point)
    • Tier 3 ISP (Internet Service Provider)
    • IXP connected through the oceans
    • Internet brought to you by:
      • Browsers (Firefox, Chrome)
      • Search engines (Startpage, DuckDuckGo, Google, Bing)
      • Content creators
      • App Platforms & Stacks (Facebook, Shopify, Wordpress, Drupal, LAMP, ASP.NET)
      • Hosts (matrix, Amazon Web Services, WHC.ca, Rackspace)
      • Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
      • Transit Providers
      • Reverse Proxy/CDN (Akamai, Cloudflare, AWS)
      • Recursive DNS providers (CIRA, Quad9, OpenDNS)
      • Authoritative & Root DNS (Dyn, Cloudflare)
      • Registrars (e.g. Tucows)
      • ICANN governs internationally
      • Registries (cira.ca, Verisign) administer top-level domains (TLD)

    Client-Server Model

    • Two-Tier design:
      • Server/Host: centralized processing, data storage, and communication
      • Client: user-facing, interacts with Server
    • Thick Client: advanced presentation, user data management, tells Server what to do
    • Thin Client: interacts with Server, receives instructions from Server

    FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

    • Client-Server application
    • Client authenticates and connects to Server
    • Client navigates directories, requests data, and receives/sends data
    • FTP Server: interacts with local Operating System
    • File System: attributes/metadata are not necessarily transferred between platforms

    Cloud Computing

    • Remote server systems store, manage, and process data for small local servers, PCs, mobile devices, and web apps
    • Hosted infrastructure, development stacks, and applications
    • On-demand resources rapidly provisioned and released

    Cloud Organization

    • Virtual Machines and Containers
    • Seneca's Open Source Technology for Emerging Platforms (OSTEP) and Centre for Innovation in AI Technology (CIAIT)
    • Hyperscale ARM servers, DevOps, Data Lake for smart buildings analytics, and more

    Net Neutrality

    • Principle of an open, neutral Internet
    • Internet providers do not use their privileged position to favour some applications and services over others

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    Description

    Learn about the basics of computer networks, including types of networks such as WAN, LAN, Intranet, VPN, and MAN. Understand how they are used to share resources.

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