Computer Networks Chapter 6
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Questions and Answers

When did computer networking begin?

  • 1960s (correct)
  • 1970s
  • 1980s
  • 1990s

    • What was the primary function of computers in the early days?

  • Making calculations, storing data, and automating business processes (correct)
  • Integrating telecommunications functions
  • Connecting to the Internet
  • Facilitating communication between individuals

    • What happened in 1994?

  • The World Wide Web was invented
  • The first computer was developed
  • The first network was created
  • The Internet went commercial (correct)

    • What was the result of integrating telecommunications functions into computers?

    <p>The formation of Information Technology departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept associated with networking technologies?

    <p>Client-server computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the outcomes of the growth of computer networking?

    <p>The significant impact on the growth of computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of combining telecommunications and information systems departments?

    <p>The creation of a separate IT department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be unthinkable today in the context of computing?

    <p>A computer that does not include communications capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data communication?

    <p>To exchange data between computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a modem in data communication?

    <p>To convert the format of the data for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another in a certain period of time?

    <p>Bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a group of two or more computer systems linked together by communications channels to share data and information?

    <p>Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a server in a network?

    <p>To manage network resources or perform special tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using networks in businesses?

    <p>They provide more efficient use of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network lets people at one site exchange data and share the use of hardware and software?

    <p>Local Area Network (LAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a medium that provides a path for signals to be transmitted?

    <p>Copper cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a high amount of data transmitted simultaneously by digital subscriber line, cable, and fibre optic technologies?

    <p>Broadband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a limited amount of data transferred over a specified time period?

    <p>Narrowband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a modem?

    <p>To connect a computer or terminal to a telephone line and transmit data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a LAN and a WAN?

    <p>The geographical area covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the internet essentially?

    <p>A worldwide WAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of ARPANET?

    <p>To connect different computers to a single network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the problem with different networks in the 1970s?

    <p>They could not communicate with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the agency created in response to the launch of Sputnik?

    <p>ARPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the company that won the contract to develop ARPANET?

    <p>Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the internet that allows it to continue functioning even if one network or server stops working?

    <p>Redundant and fault-tolerant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the event that marked the beginning of the internet?

    <p>First transmission over ARPANET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main problem with the early networks?

    <p>They used different protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'killer app' that drove the early popularity of the internet?

    <p>Electronic mail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990?

    <p>The World Wide Web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the internet and the World Wide Web?

    <p>The web is a part of the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the internet in 1991?

    <p>It was opened to commercial ventures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the dot-com bubble characterized by?

    <p>A frenzy of investment in new dot-com companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which companies survived the dot-com bubble?

    <p>Amazon and eBay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was required to create and host a website in the early years of the web?

    <p>A specific set of technical knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the web evolved into since its early years?

    <p>A dynamic platform with multiple phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TCP/IP protocol?

    <p>To allow networks to communicate with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TCP?

    <p>To check for damaged or lost packets and reorder them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of an IPv4 address?

    <p>Four numbers with values ranging from 0 and 255 separated by a period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

    <p>To act as a directory of websites on the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum speed required for an internet connection to be considered high-speed?

    <p>256,000 bps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of an IPv6 address?

    <p>Eight groups of four hexadecimal digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IP?

    <p>To route packets among routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using domain names instead of IP addresses?

    <p>They are easier to remember</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of IPv4 addresses?

    <p>They are limited in number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the web between 2000-2010?

    <p>Social Web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between dial-up and high-speed internet connections?

    <p>High-speed internet is faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of routers in transmitting data over the internet?

    <p>To forward packets from router to router across the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TCP at the destination?

    <p>To put packets in the correct order and ensure they are perfect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Internet2?

    <p>A research network created by a consortium of organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the web after 2010?

    <p>Semantic Web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TCP in transmitting data over the internet?

    <p>To slice webpages into smaller chunks of data called packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the future of the web?

    <p>Intelligent Web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of IP in transmitting data over the internet?

    <p>To forward packets from router to router across the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the internet that allows it to remain functional even if one path out of a router goes down?

    <p>Fault-tolerant network design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of slicing a webpage into smaller chunks of data?

    <p>Packetization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Internet2?

    <p>To support and experiment with demanding applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual method of achieving high-speed internet connection for home users?

    <p>Cable television lines or phone lines using Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development?

    <p>To declare broadband access as a fundamental human right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Wi-Fi?

    <p>To convert internet signals into radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the website that allows users to test their internet speed?

    <p>speedtest.net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 2011 statement by the United Nations?

    <p>It declared internet access as a fundamental human right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between fibre-optic lines and copper-electricity lines?

    <p>Fibre-optic lines are faster and more expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected speed of 5G communication networks?

    <p>Greater than 1 GB/second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of communities having high-speed internet access?

    <p>Increased usage of digital resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 4G network?

    <p>To provide high-speed internet access via mobile networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Bluetooth technology?

    <p>To replace wired connections between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of fibre-optic lines over copper-electricity lines?

    <p>Fibre-optic lines are faster and travel longer distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an intranet and a LAN?

    <p>An intranet uses internet technology, while a LAN does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 3G network?

    <p>It enabled smartphones to access the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of VoIP?

    <p>To enable voice communication over the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an extranet?

    <p>To enable customers to log in and place orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using 5G wireless connections?

    <p>They provide faster speeds than wired connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using intranets in companies?

    <p>They take advantage of the internet's interactive features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a virtual private network (VPN)?

    <p>To provide secure access to the intranet for those outside of the company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Bluetooth technology?

    <p>It consumes very little power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a 5G network and a 4G network?

    <p>The speed of data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the extension at the end of a domain name indicate?

    <p>The type of organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an extranet?

    <p>An intranet that can be partially accessed by authorized outside users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

    <p>To connect to other ISPs and exchange traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique identifying number assigned to every device that communicates on the internet?

    <p>IP Address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of an IPv6 address?

    <p>Eight groups of four hexadecimal digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a local or restricted communications network?

    <p>Intranet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental unit of data transmitted over the internet?

    <p>Packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards their destination?

    <p>Router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TCP/IP protocol?

    <p>To define how electronic devices should be connected over the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the inventor of the World Wide Web?

    <p>Tim Berners-Lee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

    <p>To allow only authorized users to access a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of the internet for businesses?

    <p>For presenting information, selling products, distributing digital products, and acquiring goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using e-purchasing?

    <p>It reduces the cost of purchased products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a company called an internet service provider?

    <p>To connect paying subscribers into the Internet infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

    <p>A subsystem of computers that can be accessed by means of HTTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using a VPN for companies with widespread offices?

    <p>It is a more cost-effective option than creating a network using purchased networking equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a company's website?

    <p>Information should always be current, complete, and accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of electronic data interchange in e-purchasing?

    <p>It is used to process transactions and transmit purchasing documents directly from one IS to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of selling products over the internet?

    <p>It enables a business to enlarge its customer base by reaching buyers outside its geographical area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of distributing digital products over the internet?

    <p>To deliver digital products to customers in a timely manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data communication?

    <p>To transfer encoded information to, from, and between computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Web 3.0?

    <p>It is based on the idea that the Internet understands the pieces of information it stores and can make logical connections between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a client in a network?

    <p>A application that runs on a personal computer or workstation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the World Wide Web?

    <p>Web servers with HTML pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an intranet and an extranet?

    <p>An intranet is used for internal communication, while an extranet is used for external communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a facility that allows devices to connect to the Internet wirelessly within a particular area?

    <p>WiFi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a bridge in a network?

    <p>To connect two networks together and only allow packets through that are needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fourth phase in the evolution of the World Wide Web?

    <p>Web 4.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

    <p>To act as a directory on the internet when a request to access a device with a domain name is given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

    <p>The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet, made up of web servers with HTML pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Web 4.0?

    <p>The Internet of Things and connected devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the internet and the World Wide Web?

    <p>The internet is a global network, while the World Wide Web is a platform for multimedia material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of TCP/IP?

    <p>To enable communication between different networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a high amount of data transmitted simultaneously by digital subscriber line, cable, and fibre optic technologies?

    <p>Broadband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of businesses using the internet?

    <p>To present information, sell products, acquire goods and services, and distribute digital products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the internet that allows it to continue functioning even if one network or server stops working?

    <p>Its decentralized nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 6: Networks

    6.1 Chapter Introduction

    • Learning outcomes:
      • Outline the major components of a data communication system
      • Identify different types of networks
      • Define key concepts associated with networking technologies
      • Explain the makeup of the Internet and World Wide Web
      • Describe organizational networking and business applications
    • Computers have evolved to integrate telecommunications functions
    • Computer networking began in the 1960s with the birth of the Internet

    6.2 Communications Process

    • Data communication is the electronic transmission of encoded information between computers
    • Data communication requires:
      • Devices (modem, computer, terminal)
      • Medium (copper cable, coaxial cable, fiber optics, wireless)
    • Speed is important: bandwidth measures the amount of data transferred in a certain period
    • Types of bandwidth:
      • Broadband (high amount of data, digital subscriber line, cable, fiber optic)
      • Narrowband (limited amount of data, specified time period)

    6.3 Networks

    • A computer network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together to share data and information
    • Networks include:
      • Clients (application running on a personal computer or workstation)
      • Servers (manage network resources, perform special tasks)
    • Networks provide:
      • Efficient use of resources
      • Communication and collaboration across distance and time
      • File sharing and access to shared databases
      • Videoconferencing

    6.3 Networks (continued)

    • Types of networks:
      • Local Area Network (LAN): connects computers at one site
      • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): spans a larger area (city or region)
      • Wide Area Network (WAN): connects computers at different sites via telecommunications media

    6.4 The Internet

    • The Internet is a network of networks
    • Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connect to each other, exchanging traffic
    • The Internet has no center and no one owns it
    • Designed to be redundant and fault-tolerant
    • History of the Internet:
      • ARPANET (1960s): first network to connect computers
      • TCP/IP (1980s): allowed networks to communicate with each other
      • World Wide Web (1990s): easy way to navigate the Internet using hypertext
    • The Internet and the World Wide Web are not the same thing
      • The Internet is the infrastructure
      • The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet, made up of web servers and HTML pages

    6.4 The Internet (continued)

    • Commercialization of the Internet:
      • NSF (National Science Foundation) initially managed the Internet
      • In 1991, NSF transferred its role to three other organizations
      • Led to the dot-com bubble and the commercialization of the Internet
    • Generations of the Web:
      • Web 1.0: read-only
      • Web 2.0: social web, read and write
      • Web 3.0: semantic web, read, write, and execute
      • Web 4.0: intelligent web, Internet of Things and connected devices

    6.5 A Packet's Journey

    • How information is transmitted over the Internet:
      • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) slices data into packets
      • IP (Internet Protocol) forwards packets from router to router
      • Routers use IP addresses to connect to the Internet
      • Packets may take different routes and arrive out of order
      • TCP reassembles packets at the destination
    • IP Addresses and Domain Names:
      • Every device on the Internet has a unique IP address
      • Originally, IPv4 (version 4) standard was used
      • IPv4 has a limit of 4,294,967,296 possible addresses
      • IPv6 (version 6) standard is now used, with a limit of 3.4×10^38 possible addresses### Networking and Communication
    • Data Communication: The electronic transmission of encoded information to, from, and between computers, requiring devices such as modems, cables, and routers.
    • Bandwidth: The capacity of a communication channel to transmit data, measured in bits per second (bps), with high-speed internet connections measured in megabits (Mbps) or gigabits (Gbps) per second.

    Network Types

    • Local Area Network (LAN): A local network that connects computers and devices in a relatively small area, typically a single building or a group of buildings.
    • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that spans a larger area, such as a city or region, connecting multiple LANs.
    • Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that connects computers at different sites via telecommunications media, such as phone lines, satellites, and microwaves.

    Internet and Web

    • Internet: A global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized protocols.
    • World Wide Web (WWW): A system of interlinked hypertext documents, accessed via the internet, using web browsers and hyperlinks.
    • Domain Name System (DNS): A directory that translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling users to access websites using easy-to-remember domain names.

    Domain Names and IP Addresses

    • Domain Name: A descriptive text followed by a top-level domain (e.g., cpp.edu or coke.com).
    • Domain Name Extension: The extension at the end of the domain name, indicating the type of organization (e.g., .com, .org, .net, .edu).
    • IP Address: A unique identifying number assigned to every device that communicates on the internet, formatted as four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods (IPv4) or eight groups of four hexadecimal digits (IPv6).

    Internet Service Providers and Connectivity

    • Internet Service Provider (ISP): A company that provides access to the internet, connecting users to the global network.
    • Modem: A device that converts digital data into a format that can be transmitted over analog communication channels, such as phone lines.
    • Dial-up Access: A method of connecting to the internet using a modem and a phone line, with slower speeds compared to broadband connections.

    Wireless Networking

    • Wi-Fi: A technology that converts an internet signal into radio waves, enabling devices to connect to the internet wirelessly.
    • Bluetooth: A standard for short-range wireless interconnection of devices, such as cellular phones, computers, and headphones.
    • Mobile Network: A cellular network that provides wireless connectivity to devices, using cell towers and base stations to distribute service.

    Organizational Networking

    • Intranet: A private network that uses internet technology to connect computers and devices within an organization, behind a firewall.
    • Extranet: A partially accessible intranet that enables secure communication and information sharing with external partners and customers.
    • Virtual Private Network (VPN): A technology that creates a secure, encrypted connection between a device and a network, enabling remote access to an organization's network.

    Business Applications

    • Presenting Information: Companies use the internet to present information about their products, services, and activities.

    • Selling Products: Businesses use the internet to sell products and services to customers, both locally and globally.

    • Distributing Digital Products: Companies use the internet to sell and deliver digital products, such as software and subscriptions.

    • Acquiring Goods and Services: Businesses use the internet to acquire goods and services from suppliers, reducing costs and improving efficiency.### Network Fundamentals

    • A packet is a formatted unit of data that includes the sender's address, destination address, sequence number, and a piece of the overall message to be sent.

    • Packet switching is the process of passing packets from one router to another across the Internet until it reaches its destination.

    Networking Devices

    • A router is a device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards their destination.
    • A server is a device that manages network resources or performs special tasks, and can be accessed by any user on the network.

    Communication Protocols

    • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a set of communication rules that defines how electronic devices should be connected over the Internet and how data should be transmitted between them.

    Internet and Web

    • Tim Berners-Lee is the inventor of the World Wide Web, who developed an easy way to navigate the Internet through the use of linked text (hypertext).
    • The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet made up of web servers that have HTML pages viewed on devices with web browsers.
    • Web 2.0 is the second stage of development of the World Wide Web, characterized by the change from static web pages to dynamic or user-generated content and the growth of social media.
    • Web 3.0 is the third phase in the evolution of the World Wide Web, based on the idea that the Internet understands the pieces of information it stores and is able to make logical connections between them.
    • Web 4.0 is the fourth phase in the evolution of the World Wide Web, referred to as the intelligent web, and will involve the Internet of Things and connected devices.

    Network Technologies

    • VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a method that employs encryption to provide secure access to a remote computer over the Internet.
    • VoIP (Voice Over IP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
    • WiFi is a facility that allows devices to connect to the Internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network) is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical area.

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    This quiz covers the basics of computer networks, including communication processes, types of networks, the internet, and wireless networking. It also explores the growth of high-speed internet and its business applications.

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