Computer Networks and Digital Transmission Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What defines a computer network?

  • A collection of two or more computers and devices connected to share resources. (correct)
  • A centralized system that controls all network operations.
  • A type of broadcasting system for television content.
  • A group of similar computer programs running simultaneously.

Which of the following best describes digital transmission?

  • Communication through voice frequencies.
  • Transmission characterized by continuously varying signals.
  • Information conveyed using analog signals.
  • Data represented as 1's and 0's. (correct)

What is a significant difference between analog and digital signals?

  • Analog signals use binary code, while digital signals use analog tones.
  • Digital signals represent data in discrete states, while analog signals vary continuously. (correct)
  • Analog signals are restricted to audio transmission only.
  • Both types of signals represent information through waveforms.

How is information conveyed in analog transmission?

<p>By manipulating signal amplitude and frequency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a computer network?

<p>Railroad Network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a conversion of signals necessary for computer networks to use telephone systems?

<p>To enable compatibility between digital systems and analog transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of content does a Television Network primarily distribute?

<p>Television programming for multiple stations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a range of Class B private IP addresses?

<p>172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Domain Name System (DNS) serve on the Internet?

<p>Maps hostnames to IP addresses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

<p>To connect individuals and organizations to the Internet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Tier 1 backbones is correct?

<p>They have extensive networks and do not purchase connectivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT used for establishing connectivity to the Internet?

<p>Satellite connection only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change did the personal computer bring in 1981?

<p>It allowed users independence from mainframes for applications and file storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for needing a computer network?

<p>Enhanced security (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which server type provides shared user files?

<p>File Server (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a workstation in a network?

<p>To access shared network resources provided by a server. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an agreement on communication rules between parties?

<p>Protocol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of server provides email services?

<p>Communication Server (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement for network services?

<p>User Interface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resource sharing in a network typically include?

<p>File sharing, hardware sharing, and program sharing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely benefit of using computer networks?

<p>Centralized administration and management of resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum data rate that WiMax can achieve?

<p>75 Mb/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in choosing a type of cable for networking?

<p>Internet speed cap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Local Area Network (LAN)?

<p>A collection of devices communicating in a small area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically part of a Local Area Network (LAN)?

<p>Modem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of network model allows direct communication between devices without a central server?

<p>Peer-to-peer network (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized Network Operating System (NOS)?

<p>Linux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these network categories connects a broader range than a Local Area Network (LAN)?

<p>WAN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What range of wireless signaling options does WiMax utilize?

<p>2 GHz to 66 GHz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do protocols play in a Local Area Network (LAN)?

<p>Protocols govern how devices exchange information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In network technology classification, which type is responsible for covering a city or large campus area?

<p>MAN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is characterized as non-routable and commonly used with Microsoft and IBM systems?

<p>NetBEUI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of TCP/IP compared to the other protocols listed?

<p>It can be run on multiple software platforms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transmission medium is categorized as 'Wired'?

<p>Coaxial Cable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cable type has a maximum cable length of 100 meters?

<p>Twisted-Pair (UTP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common speed for Coaxial Cable transmission?

<p>10/100 Mbps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which media is the least costly among the listed options?

<p>Twisted-Pair (UTP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Apple Talk as a networking protocol?

<p>It is designed for use with Apple Macintosh computers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transmission medium uses a BNC connector?

<p>Coaxial Cable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cables?

<p>It provides extra protection against electromagnetic interference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wireless medium is commonly used for short-range communications?

<p>Radio Wave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

<p>Radio Network = A group of broadcasting stations transmitting the same program Television Network = Distributed network providing programming for many television stations Telephone Network = A communication network for voice transmission Railroad Network = A network facilitating train transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of fiber-optic cables with their characteristics:

<p>Single mode = One stream of laser-generated light (100 km) Multimode = Multiple streams of LED-generated light (2 km) Speed and throughput = 100+ Mbps Average cost per node = Most expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following signal types with their characteristics:

<p>Digital Signal = Represented as 1's and 0's Analog Signal = Conveys information through amplitude and frequency Digital Transmission = Utilizes on or off states Analog Transmission = Transmits audio tones through wires or wirelessly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following computer components with their functions:

<p>Printer = Produces a hard copy of digital documents Tape Drive = Stores data on magnetic tape Router = Facilitates data traffic management between networks Modem = Converts digital signals to analog for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following wireless media with their characteristics:

<p>Radio Wave = Uplink and downlink capabilities Micro Wave = Long-distance communication Infrared Light = Short-range communication Bluetooth = Short-range connectivity (approximately 10 meters)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following networking terms with their meanings:

<p>Resource Sharing = Allows multiple users to use hardware and software Network Topology = The arrangement of different elements in a network Bandwidth = The maximum data transfer rate of a network Protocol = A set of rules for data communication between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following wireless standards with their descriptions:

<p>802.11 = First WLAN standard created by IEEE Wi-Fi = Collective name for 802.11 standards Bluetooth = Alternative wireless networking technology WiMax = Long-range wireless networking standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following connection types with their primary usages:

<p>Uplink = Transmitting data to a base station Downlink = Receiving data from a base station Bluetooth = Networking for cell phones and PDAs WiFi = Wireless connection to local networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of networks with their specific groupings:

<p>Local Area Network (LAN) = Connects computers within a limited area like a home or office Wide Area Network (WAN) = Spans a broad area and connects multiple LANs Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) = Covers a larger geographic area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN Personal Area Network (PAN) = Connects devices within a very short range, typically personal devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their respective technologies:

<p>Bluetooth = 1-3 Mbps bandwidth 802.11 = Maximum bandwidth of 2 Mbps WiMax = Industry term for long-range networking Infrared Light = Used for short-range communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of networks with their characteristics:

<p>Peer-to-Peer Networks = Share resources without a central server Server-Based Networks = Centralized control of resources Network Interface Card (NIC) = Physically connects computer to transmission media Modems = Convert digital signals to analog signals and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following network devices with their functions:

<p>Hub = Connects multiple network devices in a LAN Router = Directs data packets between different networks Switch = Connects devices and intelligently forwards data Bridge = Connects two or more network segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following operating systems with their suitable network type:

<p>Windows Workstation = Used in Peer-to-Peer Networks Windows Server = Used in Server-Based Networks Linux = Common server operating system Unix = Known for stability in server environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with Peer-to-Peer Networks and Server-Based Networks:

<p>Peer-to-Peer Networks = Less centralized control Server-Based Networks = Requires a server to manage resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to networking with their definitions:

<p>Network Interface Card (NIC) = Amplifies electronic signals and connects to media Modems = Facilitates connection to the Internet via analog signals Hubs = Broadcasts data to all connected devices Bridges = Help to extend a network by connecting segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following LAN topologies with their characteristics:

<p>Bus topology = Less cable required; low cost Star topology = Central hub with point-to-point connections Ring topology = Each device connected in a circular manner Mesh topology = Multiple paths for data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of switches with their functions:

<p>Unmanaged Switch = Plug and play without configuration Managed Switch = Allows monitoring and configuration Layer 2 Switch = Operates at the data link layer Layer 3 Switch = Can perform routing functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following advantages and disadvantages of bus topology:

<p>Advantage = Simple to set up Disadvantage = Troubleshooting is difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following networking devices with their roles:

<p>Router = Connects different networks Switch = Forward traffic within the same network Access Point = Provides wireless connectivity to a network Modem = Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following data transmission technologies with their characteristics:

<p>Ethernet = Common for local area networks Wi-Fi = Wireless networking technology DSL = Digital subscriber line for internet access over telephone lines Fiber Optics = High-speed data transmission using light signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a Computer Network?

A group of connected computing devices that can share data, software, hardware and processing power.

Digital Transmission

A way of transmitting information using binary digits (0s and 1s) where signals are either on or off.

Analog Transmission

A way of transmitting information using different levels of electrical signals, like audio tones - high or low, louder or softer.

Conversion of Digital to Analog Signals

A digital signal is converted into an analog signal for transmission over telephone lines.

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Radio Network

A communication system with broadcasting stations transmitting the same program.

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Television Network

A network for television content where a central operation delivers programming to many stations.

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Railroad Network

A network of connected railroad tracks.

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What is WiMax?

A wireless technology that provides high-speed internet access, especially in areas not served by cable or DSL.

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What is a LAN?

A network that connects devices within a small geographical area, like a home, office, or school.

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What is a Network Operating System (NOS)?

Software that allows computers in a network to share data and resources, like printers and files.

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What is a Peer-to-Peer network?

A type of network where all devices have equal status and can share files directly with each other.

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What is a Server-Based network?

A type of network with a central server that manages resources and provides services to other devices.

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What is a MAN?

A network that covers a larger geographical area, like a city or region.

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Impact of Personal Computers on Networks

The introduction of personal computers (PCs) in 1981 significantly boosted the growth of computer networks.

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What is a WAN?

A network that connects devices over a very large distance, like across countries or continents.

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What are network cables?

A type of cable used for data transmission in networks. Different types of cable have different characteristics, affecting cost, distance, speed, and environmental factors.

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File Sharing in Networks

File sharing allows multiple users to access and modify files stored on a central location.

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Communication in Networks

Communication networks enable users to connect and exchange information, voice, or video data.

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What is a Server in a Network?

A server provides resources like files, applications, or communication services to numerous users on a network.

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File Server's Purpose

A file server stores data and makes it available to users on a network.

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Communication Server's Purpose

A communication server handles email and other communication services within a network.

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Application Server's Role

An application server provides access to database systems or other applications.

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Print Server's Function

A print server manages print queues and other printing services for shared printers.

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What is a Workstation or Client in a Network?

Computers that access shared resources on a network are called workstations or clients.

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What is AppleTalk?

A type of network protocol primarily used for connecting Macintosh computers within a corporate network.

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Describe NetBEUI.

This protocol offers speed and simplicity, making it suitable for small networks, and it's known for its compatibility with Microsoft and IBM systems.

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What is TCP/IP?

A widely used and versatile protocol that allows communication on various software platforms, including Windows and Unix, over both small and large networks.

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What is IPX/SPX?

This protocol is used with Novell NetWare and is suitable for both small and large networks.

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What is a Wired/ Guided Media?

A transmission medium where data is transmitted through a physical cable.

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What is a Wireless/ Unguided Media?

A transmission medium where data is transmitted without a physical cable, using electromagnetic waves.

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What is Radio Wave?

A type of wired media that transmits data using radio waves.

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What is Fiber Optic Transmission?

A type of wired media that transmits data using light pulses through a fiber optic cable.

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What is Twisted Pair?

A type of wired media that transmits data through a pair of insulated wires twisted together, reducing interference.

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What is Coaxial Cable?

A type of wired media that features a central copper conductor surrounded by an insulator, a braided copper shielding, and an outer jacket, providing excellent signal strength.

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What are Private IP Addresses?

Private IP addresses are used within a private network, like your home or office. They are not visible on the public internet and are assigned by your local network.

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What is the internet?

The internet is a global network of interconnected networks, communicating using TCP/IP protocol. It allows devices to share resources, exchange information and access various services.

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What is DNS?

Domain Name System (DNS) acts like a phonebook for the internet, translating human-readable website names into IP addresses that computers understand.

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What are ISPs?

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) act as gateways to the internet, providing connectivity for individuals and organizations. They connect networks to the internet backbone, enabling communication.

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Computer Network

A collection of interconnected devices, like computers, printers, and servers, that share resources such as data, software, and hardware.

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Digital to Analog Conversion

The process of converting a digital signal into an analog signal, allowing digital devices to communicate over traditional phone lines.

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Network Cables

The use of different types of cables (twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic) to transmit data within a network.

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Peer-to-Peer Network

A type of network where devices share resources directly, acting as both clients and servers. No central authority is needed.

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Server-Based Network

A network with a centralized server that manages resources and provides services to connected devices. This allows for greater control and expandability.

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Server

A specialized computer that manages resources, authenticates users, and provides services to other devices on the network.

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

A physical device that connects computers to the network, allowing data transmission over cables or wireless signals.

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Modem

A device that transmits data over phone lines, converting digital signals to analog and vice versa.

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Fiber-Optic Cable

A type of cable that transmits data using pulses of light through glass fibers, offering high speed and long distances.

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WiMax

A wireless standard that uses radio waves to transmit data over long distances, often used for internet access in areas with limited wired infrastructure.

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Bluetooth

A wireless technology that enables communication over short distances (around 10 meters), primarily used for connecting devices like smartphones, headphones, and computers.

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IEEE 802.11

A set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs), commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, used for connecting devices within a limited area.

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Single-mode Fiber Optic Cable

This type of fiber-optic cable transmits only one stream of light, allowing for faster speeds and covering longer distances (up to 100 km).

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What is a Network Topology?

Network device organization determines how devices communicate within a network. Three common types are bus, star, and ring topology.

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Describe Bus Topology

The bus topology connects devices in a single line with a central cable. Data flows in both directions along this cable.

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Describe Star Topology

The star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Data must pass through the hub to reach other devices.

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Describe Ring Topology

The ring topology connects devices in a closed loop with data flowing in one direction. Each device receives data and passes it along the ring.

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What is a Network Switch?

Switches use bridging technology to forward network traffic. They maintain address tables and filter traffic, providing dedicated bandwidth between connected devices.

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Study Notes

Computer Networks

  • Computer networks are systems that connect multiple computers and other devices to share data, information, software, hardware devices, and processing power.
  • Everyday examples of networks include radio, television, rail road, and telephone networks.
  • A computer network is a collection of two or more computers and related devices, such as printers, tape drives, linked in a way that allows them to share data, information, software, hardware and processing power.
  • Networks are classified based on their size and scope (LAN, MAN, WAN).

Analog and Digital Signals

  • Digital signals use 1's and 0's (on or off).
  • Analog signals are continuous like audio tones.
  • In order for computers to use telephone systems, analog signals need conversion to digital format.

Birth of the Personal Computer

  • The 1981 personal computer launch fueled the networking marketplace.
  • PCs offered users freedom and processing power, independent of mainframes.

Why We Need Computer Networks

  • Resource sharing (files, hardware, programs)
  • Processing power (distributed processing)
  • Communication (voice, video)
  • High reliability (redundancy)
  • Centralized administration
  • Cost savings

Basic Requirements for Computer Networks

  • Services offered (e.g., file, print)
  • Clients accessing resources
  • Protocols (rules for communication)
  • Communication media (cables, wireless)

Servers

  • Servers provide shared resources to network users.
  • Examples include file servers, communication servers (email), application servers (database access), and print servers (managing printers).

Workstations/Clients

  • Workstations are computers that access shared network resources provided by servers.

Protocols

  • Protocols are agreements (rules) between communicating parties about how to exchange information.
  • Commonly used protocols include NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, and AppleTalk. Common usage protocols are further segmented into three categories.

Transmission Media

  • Transmission media refers to the physical path electrical signals travel across a network. It is categorized into two types:
    • Wired/Guided media (examples: coaxial, twisted pair, fiber optic)
    • Wireless/Unguided media (examples: radio waves, microwaves, infrared)

Coaxial Cable

  • Speed and throughput: 10/100 Mbps
  • Relative cost: Higher than UTP, but still relatively low
  • Media and connector size: Medium
  • Maximum cable length: 200/500 meters

Twisted-Pair (UTP and STP)

  • Speed and throughput: 10/100/1000 Mbps/10G
  • Relative cost: Least costly
  • Media and connector size: Small
  • Maximum cable length: 100 meters

Fiber-Optic Cable

  • Single mode: One stream of laser-generated light (100 km)
  • Multimode: Multiple streams of LED-generated light (2 km)
  • Speed and throughput: 100+ Mbps
  • Average cost per node: Most expensive
  • Media and connector size: Small
  • Maximum cable length: Up to 2 km

Wireless Media

  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared

Wireless Standards (IEEE 802.11)

  • IEEE 802.11 created the first Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard, now known as most Wi-Fi technologies.
  • Wireless standards are collectively known as Wi-Fi technologies.
  • Bluetooth and other non-Wi-Fi technologies also exist.
  • 802.11 only supports a maximum network bandwidth of 2 Mbps.

Bluetooth

  • Alternative wireless network technology.
  • Short range (approximately 10 meters).
  • Relatively low bandwidth (1-3 Mbps).
  • Commonly used in PDAs and cell phones with PCs.

WiMax

  • Industry term for a long-range wireless networking standard (IEEE 802.16).
  • Deliver high-speed internet to rural areas.
  • Alternative to satellite internet services.
  • Data rates up to 75 megabits per second (Mb/s).

Choosing Cable

  • Choice depends on: cost, distance, number of computers, speed, and cabling environment.

Network Technologies

  • LAN (Local Area Network) - Small area network
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - Larger than LAN, smaller than WAN
  • WAN (Wide Area Network) - Large geographic area

Local Area Network (LAN)

  • Collection of computers, printers, modems, etc. in a small area, communicating with each other.
  • Components: computers, network operating system (NOS), network interface card (NIC), hubs, switches
  • Protocols control how network components exchange information

Network Operating System (NOS)

  • Software that allows communication and sharing of data and network resources.
  • Examples: Linux, Win2000, WinNT, AppleTalk, NetWare

LAN Network Types

  • Peer-to-peer: computers act as both clients and servers in a simple network. Windows workstations are examples of peer-to-peer networks.
  • Server-based: a special-purpose server computer handles resources and manages user access, providing different access levels. Examples include Linux, Unix, Windows Server.

Network Devices

  • Network Interface Card (NIC)
  • Modems
  • Hubs
  • Bridges
  • Switches
  • Routers

Network Interface Card (NIC)

  • Amplifies signals.
  • Connects computers to transmission media.
  • MAC address embedded in ROM chip.

MAC Address

  • Unique address for each LAN interface.
  • Stored in the ROM chip on the NIC.

Hubs

  • Amplifies signals, propagating them to all connected devices.
  • Does not filter packets based on destinations.
  • Unsophisticated and unintelligent.

Switches

  • Uses bridging technology to forward traffic based on destination addresses.
  • Provides dedicated transmission rate between connected stations.
  • Used in local and wide-area networks.
  • Smarter and more intelligent than hubs.

LAN Topologies

  • Defines network device organization (e.g., bus, star, ring).
  • Topologies are logical architectures (devices do not need to be organized in these precise physical configurations).

Bus Topology

  • Advantages: less cable, flexible wiring, simple configuration, low cost
  • Disadvantages: single point of failure (bus failure causes network breakdown), difficult troubleshooting, distance limitations

Star Topology

  • Advantages: fault tolerance, easy maintenance and changes.
  • Disadvantages: more cable needed higher cost, distance restriction, limitations in port count

Ring Topology

  • Advantages: collision-free communication, simple wiring scheme, good scalability.
  • Disadvantages: More cable needed than Bus topology, distance limitations, difficult fault isolation.

TCP/IP

  • Suite of protocols governing packet transmission across multiple networks.
  • Includes protocols for addressing and error checking.

IP (Internet Protocol)

  • Determines the routing of packets based on destination addresses.
  • Breaks packets into smaller packets, then reassembles them.

IPv4 Addressing

  • 32-bit binary numbers.
  • Divided into four 8-bit octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
  • Decimal range of an octet is 0 to 255.
  • Consists of network ID and host ID.

Network ID and Host ID

  • Network ID: common to all devices within a physical network segment (e.g., an "area code").
  • Host ID: distinguishes each individual device within that network segment (e.g., a "phone number").

IP Addressing (Class A, B, C)

  • Class A: networks 1-126, 16,777,214 available hosts
  • Class B: networks 128.1-191.254, 65,534 available hosts
  • Class C: networks 192.0.1-223.255.254, 254 available hosts
  • Private IP address ranges (Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255, Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255, Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255) are used for internal networks

What is an Internet?

  • Internet is an interconnected collection of individual networks using TCP/IP devices/
  • Provides various services such as HTTP (World Wide Web), SMTP (email), FTP.

How TCP/IP Networks Work

  • Network hierarchy
  • Addressing and routing (IP addresses, routing tables)
  • Domain Name System (DNS) to map hostnames to IP addresses

How DNS Works

  • Hierarchical system of DNS servers (root, top-level domain, authoritative).
  • Domain names translate to IP addresses.

How does internet connectivity work?

  • Organizations obtaining connectivity from Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
  • Exchange routers to route traffic within the network
  • ISPs buying connectivity from larger ISPs
  • Tier 1 backbones don't need to buy connectivity from other providers.

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