Computer Networks and Digital Transmission Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What defines a computer network?

  • A collection of two or more computers and devices connected to share resources. (correct)
  • A centralized system that controls all network operations.
  • A type of broadcasting system for television content.
  • A group of similar computer programs running simultaneously.

    • Which of the following best describes digital transmission?

  • Communication through voice frequencies.
  • Transmission characterized by continuously varying signals.
  • Information conveyed using analog signals.
  • Data represented as 1's and 0's. (correct)

    • What is a significant difference between analog and digital signals?

  • Analog signals use binary code, while digital signals use analog tones.
  • Digital signals represent data in discrete states, while analog signals vary continuously. (correct)
  • Analog signals are restricted to audio transmission only.
  • Both types of signals represent information through waveforms.

    • How is information conveyed in analog transmission?

    <p>By manipulating signal amplitude and frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a computer network?

    <p>Railroad Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a conversion of signals necessary for computer networks to use telephone systems?

    <p>To enable compatibility between digital systems and analog transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of content does a Television Network primarily distribute?

    <p>Television programming for multiple stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a range of Class B private IP addresses?

    <p>172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Domain Name System (DNS) serve on the Internet?

    <p>Maps hostnames to IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

    <p>To connect individuals and organizations to the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Tier 1 backbones is correct?

    <p>They have extensive networks and do not purchase connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT used for establishing connectivity to the Internet?

    <p>Satellite connection only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change did the personal computer bring in 1981?

    <p>It allowed users independence from mainframes for applications and file storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for needing a computer network?

    <p>Enhanced security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which server type provides shared user files?

    <p>File Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a workstation in a network?

    <p>To access shared network resources provided by a server.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an agreement on communication rules between parties?

    <p>Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of server provides email services?

    <p>Communication Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement for network services?

    <p>User Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does resource sharing in a network typically include?

    <p>File sharing, hardware sharing, and program sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely benefit of using computer networks?

    <p>Centralized administration and management of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum data rate that WiMax can achieve?

    <p>75 Mb/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor in choosing a type of cable for networking?

    <p>Internet speed cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a Local Area Network (LAN)?

    <p>A collection of devices communicating in a small area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically part of a Local Area Network (LAN)?

    <p>Modem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network model allows direct communication between devices without a central server?

    <p>Peer-to-peer network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recognized Network Operating System (NOS)?

    <p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these network categories connects a broader range than a Local Area Network (LAN)?

    <p>WAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range of wireless signaling options does WiMax utilize?

    <p>2 GHz to 66 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do protocols play in a Local Area Network (LAN)?

    <p>Protocols govern how devices exchange information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In network technology classification, which type is responsible for covering a city or large campus area?

    <p>MAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is characterized as non-routable and commonly used with Microsoft and IBM systems?

    <p>NetBEUI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of TCP/IP compared to the other protocols listed?

    <p>It can be run on multiple software platforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmission medium is categorized as 'Wired'?

    <p>Coaxial Cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cable type has a maximum cable length of 100 meters?

    <p>Twisted-Pair (UTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common speed for Coaxial Cable transmission?

    <p>10/100 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which media is the least costly among the listed options?

    <p>Twisted-Pair (UTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Apple Talk as a networking protocol?

    <p>It is designed for use with Apple Macintosh computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission medium uses a BNC connector?

    <p>Coaxial Cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cables?

    <p>It provides extra protection against electromagnetic interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless medium is commonly used for short-range communications?

    <p>Radio Wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    <h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

    <p>Radio Network = A group of broadcasting stations transmitting the same program Television Network = Distributed network providing programming for many television stations Telephone Network = A communication network for voice transmission Railroad Network = A network facilitating train transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of fiber-optic cables with their characteristics:

    <p>Single mode = One stream of laser-generated light (100 km) Multimode = Multiple streams of LED-generated light (2 km) Speed and throughput = 100+ Mbps Average cost per node = Most expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following signal types with their characteristics:

    <p>Digital Signal = Represented as 1's and 0's Analog Signal = Conveys information through amplitude and frequency Digital Transmission = Utilizes on or off states Analog Transmission = Transmits audio tones through wires or wirelessly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following computer components with their functions:

    <p>Printer = Produces a hard copy of digital documents Tape Drive = Stores data on magnetic tape Router = Facilitates data traffic management between networks Modem = Converts digital signals to analog for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wireless media with their characteristics:

    <p>Radio Wave = Uplink and downlink capabilities Micro Wave = Long-distance communication Infrared Light = Short-range communication Bluetooth = Short-range connectivity (approximately 10 meters)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following networking terms with their meanings:

    <p>Resource Sharing = Allows multiple users to use hardware and software Network Topology = The arrangement of different elements in a network Bandwidth = The maximum data transfer rate of a network Protocol = A set of rules for data communication between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wireless standards with their descriptions:

    <p>802.11 = First WLAN standard created by IEEE Wi-Fi = Collective name for 802.11 standards Bluetooth = Alternative wireless networking technology WiMax = Long-range wireless networking standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following connection types with their primary usages:

    <p>Uplink = Transmitting data to a base station Downlink = Receiving data from a base station Bluetooth = Networking for cell phones and PDAs WiFi = Wireless connection to local networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their specific groupings:

    <p>Local Area Network (LAN) = Connects computers within a limited area like a home or office Wide Area Network (WAN) = Spans a broad area and connects multiple LANs Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) = Covers a larger geographic area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN Personal Area Network (PAN) = Connects devices within a very short range, typically personal devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their respective technologies:

    <p>Bluetooth = 1-3 Mbps bandwidth 802.11 = Maximum bandwidth of 2 Mbps WiMax = Industry term for long-range networking Infrared Light = Used for short-range communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their characteristics:

    <p>Peer-to-Peer Networks = Share resources without a central server Server-Based Networks = Centralized control of resources Network Interface Card (NIC) = Physically connects computer to transmission media Modems = Convert digital signals to analog signals and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network devices with their functions:

    <p>Hub = Connects multiple network devices in a LAN Router = Directs data packets between different networks Switch = Connects devices and intelligently forwards data Bridge = Connects two or more network segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following operating systems with their suitable network type:

    <p>Windows Workstation = Used in Peer-to-Peer Networks Windows Server = Used in Server-Based Networks Linux = Common server operating system Unix = Known for stability in server environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with Peer-to-Peer Networks and Server-Based Networks:

    <p>Peer-to-Peer Networks = Less centralized control Server-Based Networks = Requires a server to manage resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to networking with their definitions:

    <p>Network Interface Card (NIC) = Amplifies electronic signals and connects to media Modems = Facilitates connection to the Internet via analog signals Hubs = Broadcasts data to all connected devices Bridges = Help to extend a network by connecting segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following LAN topologies with their characteristics:

    <p>Bus topology = Less cable required; low cost Star topology = Central hub with point-to-point connections Ring topology = Each device connected in a circular manner Mesh topology = Multiple paths for data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of switches with their functions:

    <p>Unmanaged Switch = Plug and play without configuration Managed Switch = Allows monitoring and configuration Layer 2 Switch = Operates at the data link layer Layer 3 Switch = Can perform routing functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following advantages and disadvantages of bus topology:

    <p>Advantage = Simple to set up Disadvantage = Troubleshooting is difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following networking devices with their roles:

    <p>Router = Connects different networks Switch = Forward traffic within the same network Access Point = Provides wireless connectivity to a network Modem = Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following data transmission technologies with their characteristics:

    <p>Ethernet = Common for local area networks Wi-Fi = Wireless networking technology DSL = Digital subscriber line for internet access over telephone lines Fiber Optics = High-speed data transmission using light signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Networks

    • Computer networks are systems that connect multiple computers and other devices to share data, information, software, hardware devices, and processing power.
    • Everyday examples of networks include radio, television, rail road, and telephone networks.
    • A computer network is a collection of two or more computers and related devices, such as printers, tape drives, linked in a way that allows them to share data, information, software, hardware and processing power.
    • Networks are classified based on their size and scope (LAN, MAN, WAN).

    Analog and Digital Signals

    • Digital signals use 1's and 0's (on or off).
    • Analog signals are continuous like audio tones.
    • In order for computers to use telephone systems, analog signals need conversion to digital format.

    Birth of the Personal Computer

    • The 1981 personal computer launch fueled the networking marketplace.
    • PCs offered users freedom and processing power, independent of mainframes.

    Why We Need Computer Networks

    • Resource sharing (files, hardware, programs)
    • Processing power (distributed processing)
    • Communication (voice, video)
    • High reliability (redundancy)
    • Centralized administration
    • Cost savings

    Basic Requirements for Computer Networks

    • Services offered (e.g., file, print)
    • Clients accessing resources
    • Protocols (rules for communication)
    • Communication media (cables, wireless)

    Servers

    • Servers provide shared resources to network users.
    • Examples include file servers, communication servers (email), application servers (database access), and print servers (managing printers).

    Workstations/Clients

    • Workstations are computers that access shared network resources provided by servers.

    Protocols

    • Protocols are agreements (rules) between communicating parties about how to exchange information.
    • Commonly used protocols include NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, and AppleTalk. Common usage protocols are further segmented into three categories.

    Transmission Media

    • Transmission media refers to the physical path electrical signals travel across a network. It is categorized into two types:
      • Wired/Guided media (examples: coaxial, twisted pair, fiber optic)
      • Wireless/Unguided media (examples: radio waves, microwaves, infrared)

    Coaxial Cable

    • Speed and throughput: 10/100 Mbps
    • Relative cost: Higher than UTP, but still relatively low
    • Media and connector size: Medium
    • Maximum cable length: 200/500 meters

    Twisted-Pair (UTP and STP)

    • Speed and throughput: 10/100/1000 Mbps/10G
    • Relative cost: Least costly
    • Media and connector size: Small
    • Maximum cable length: 100 meters

    Fiber-Optic Cable

    • Single mode: One stream of laser-generated light (100 km)
    • Multimode: Multiple streams of LED-generated light (2 km)
    • Speed and throughput: 100+ Mbps
    • Average cost per node: Most expensive
    • Media and connector size: Small
    • Maximum cable length: Up to 2 km

    Wireless Media

    • Radio waves
    • Microwaves
    • Infrared

    Wireless Standards (IEEE 802.11)

    • IEEE 802.11 created the first Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard, now known as most Wi-Fi technologies.
    • Wireless standards are collectively known as Wi-Fi technologies.
    • Bluetooth and other non-Wi-Fi technologies also exist.
    • 802.11 only supports a maximum network bandwidth of 2 Mbps.

    Bluetooth

    • Alternative wireless network technology.
    • Short range (approximately 10 meters).
    • Relatively low bandwidth (1-3 Mbps).
    • Commonly used in PDAs and cell phones with PCs.

    WiMax

    • Industry term for a long-range wireless networking standard (IEEE 802.16).
    • Deliver high-speed internet to rural areas.
    • Alternative to satellite internet services.
    • Data rates up to 75 megabits per second (Mb/s).

    Choosing Cable

    • Choice depends on: cost, distance, number of computers, speed, and cabling environment.

    Network Technologies

    • LAN (Local Area Network) - Small area network
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - Larger than LAN, smaller than WAN
    • WAN (Wide Area Network) - Large geographic area

    Local Area Network (LAN)

    • Collection of computers, printers, modems, etc. in a small area, communicating with each other.
    • Components: computers, network operating system (NOS), network interface card (NIC), hubs, switches
    • Protocols control how network components exchange information

    Network Operating System (NOS)

    • Software that allows communication and sharing of data and network resources.
    • Examples: Linux, Win2000, WinNT, AppleTalk, NetWare

    LAN Network Types

    • Peer-to-peer: computers act as both clients and servers in a simple network. Windows workstations are examples of peer-to-peer networks.
    • Server-based: a special-purpose server computer handles resources and manages user access, providing different access levels. Examples include Linux, Unix, Windows Server.

    Network Devices

    • Network Interface Card (NIC)
    • Modems
    • Hubs
    • Bridges
    • Switches
    • Routers

    Network Interface Card (NIC)

    • Amplifies signals.
    • Connects computers to transmission media.
    • MAC address embedded in ROM chip.

    MAC Address

    • Unique address for each LAN interface.
    • Stored in the ROM chip on the NIC.

    Hubs

    • Amplifies signals, propagating them to all connected devices.
    • Does not filter packets based on destinations.
    • Unsophisticated and unintelligent.

    Switches

    • Uses bridging technology to forward traffic based on destination addresses.
    • Provides dedicated transmission rate between connected stations.
    • Used in local and wide-area networks.
    • Smarter and more intelligent than hubs.

    LAN Topologies

    • Defines network device organization (e.g., bus, star, ring).
    • Topologies are logical architectures (devices do not need to be organized in these precise physical configurations).

    Bus Topology

    • Advantages: less cable, flexible wiring, simple configuration, low cost
    • Disadvantages: single point of failure (bus failure causes network breakdown), difficult troubleshooting, distance limitations

    Star Topology

    • Advantages: fault tolerance, easy maintenance and changes.
    • Disadvantages: more cable needed higher cost, distance restriction, limitations in port count

    Ring Topology

    • Advantages: collision-free communication, simple wiring scheme, good scalability.
    • Disadvantages: More cable needed than Bus topology, distance limitations, difficult fault isolation.

    TCP/IP

    • Suite of protocols governing packet transmission across multiple networks.
    • Includes protocols for addressing and error checking.

    IP (Internet Protocol)

    • Determines the routing of packets based on destination addresses.
    • Breaks packets into smaller packets, then reassembles them.

    IPv4 Addressing

    • 32-bit binary numbers.
    • Divided into four 8-bit octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
    • Decimal range of an octet is 0 to 255.
    • Consists of network ID and host ID.

    Network ID and Host ID

    • Network ID: common to all devices within a physical network segment (e.g., an "area code").
    • Host ID: distinguishes each individual device within that network segment (e.g., a "phone number").

    IP Addressing (Class A, B, C)

    • Class A: networks 1-126, 16,777,214 available hosts
    • Class B: networks 128.1-191.254, 65,534 available hosts
    • Class C: networks 192.0.1-223.255.254, 254 available hosts
    • Private IP address ranges (Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255, Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255, Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255) are used for internal networks

    What is an Internet?

    • Internet is an interconnected collection of individual networks using TCP/IP devices/
    • Provides various services such as HTTP (World Wide Web), SMTP (email), FTP.

    How TCP/IP Networks Work

    • Network hierarchy
    • Addressing and routing (IP addresses, routing tables)
    • Domain Name System (DNS) to map hostnames to IP addresses

    How DNS Works

    • Hierarchical system of DNS servers (root, top-level domain, authoritative).
    • Domain names translate to IP addresses.

    How does internet connectivity work?

    • Organizations obtaining connectivity from Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
    • Exchange routers to route traffic within the network
    • ISPs buying connectivity from larger ISPs
    • Tier 1 backbones don't need to buy connectivity from other providers.

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    Test your understanding of computer networks and digital transmission concepts with this quiz. Explore topics such as analog vs. digital signals, the structure of Internet Service Providers, and the role of domain names. Perfect for students in computer science or information technology courses.

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