Questions and Answers
What does the IP (IPv4) packet header consist of?
The IPv4 packet header consists of 14 fields, of which 13 are required. The 14th field is optional and aptly named: options.
What can represent all decimal numbers from 0 to 255?
8 bits of data or a single octet.
Which company owns every single IP that has the number 9 as the first octet?
IBM.
What do IP addresses belong to?
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Many modern networks allow a new device to connect and an IP address will be assigned to it automatically through a technology known as ________________________.
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An IP address assigned via dynamic host configuration protocol is known as what?
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The exact opposite of a dynamic IP address is known as?
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Who are static IP addresses reserved for?
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Who are dynamic IP addresses reserved for?
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What is the specific name of the data packets at the Ethernet layer?
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What is a Flag Field used for?
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What is the Total Length Field used for?
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What is the Service Type Field?
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What is Header Length Field?
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What is an IP datagram?
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What is the difference between an IP datagram and an Ethernet frame header?
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What is similar between an IP datagram and an Ethernet frame header?
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What is the most common version of IP?
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What is an Identification Field?
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What is the maximum size of a single datagram and the largest number you can represent with 16 bits?
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If the total amount of data that needs to be sent is larger than what can fit in a single datagram, what does the IP layer need to do?
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What is the Time to Live (TTL) Field?
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What is the Protocol Field?
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What is the Header Checksum Field?
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Study Notes
IPv4 Packet Header
- Consists of 14 fields, with 13 required and one optional (options).
- The Header Length Field is generally 20 bytes in IPv4.
IP Address Representation
- Decimal numbers from 0 to 255 can be represented by 8 bits of data, also known as a single octet.
Ownership of IP Addresses
- All IP addresses starting with the octet '9' are owned by IBM.
IP Addresses and Networks
- IP addresses are associated with networks rather than individual devices.
Automatic IP Address Assignment
- Modern networks often utilize Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for automatic IP address assignment.
Types of IP Addresses
- Dynamic IP addresses are allocated automatically through DHCP, usually for clients.
- Static IP addresses are manually configured, typically reserved for servers and network devices.
Ethernet Layer Packets
- Data packets at the Ethernet layer are referred to as Ethernet frames.
Datagram Fragmentation
- The Flag Field indicates whether a datagram is allowed to be fragmented or if it has already been fragmented.
- An IP datagram is a structured series of fields defined by strict specifications.
Datagram Size and Limits
- The Total Length Field indicates the size of the IP datagram, with a maximum size of 65,535 bytes due to the 16-bit representation.
- If data exceeds the size limit of a single datagram, the IP layer must fragment it into smaller packets.
Time to Live (TTL) Field
- An 8-bit field that defines the maximum number of hops a datagram can make through routers before being discarded.
Protocol Information
- The Protocol Field indicates the transport layer protocol in use (e.g., TCP and UDP) and is an 8-bit number.
Checksum Verification
- The Header Checksum Field contains a checksum for the entire IP datagram header to verify integrity.
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Test your knowledge on the basics of computer networking with this Week 2 quiz. The flashcards cover essential concepts such as the IPv4 packet header and data representation in binary. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of networking fundamentals.