Computer Memory Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of virtual memory?

  • To increase processing speed
  • To store data permanently
  • To extend RAM capacity (correct)
  • To enhance user interface usability

    • Cloud storage requires an internet connection to access data.

    True

    What are pages in the context of virtual memory?

    Blocks of data that can be transferred between RAM and virtual memory.

    Virtual memory is created by partitioning the _______.

    <p>hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of storage is directly accessible by the CPU?

    <p>Primary Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary storage is used for temporary storage of data while in use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of RAM?

    <p>To store data and instructions currently in use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ROM stands for __________.

    <p>Read Only Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the storage types with their characteristics:

    <p>RAM = Volatile temporary memory ROM = Non-volatile permanent memory HDD = Internal secondary storage USB memory stick = External secondary storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered volatile memory?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All types of secondary storage are slower than primary memory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a secondary storage device.

    <p>USB memory stick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Lossless Compression?

    <p>It can restore the original file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy Compression is reversible and allows the original file to be restored.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method used for Lossless Compression.

    <p>Run-length encoding (RLE) or Data Dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression is often used for _______ files such as images, audio, and video.

    <p>media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically associated with Lossless Compression?

    <p>Audio files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the compression methods with their definitions:

    <p>Run-length Encoding (RLE) = Identifies repeated patterns and encodes them into run counts and values. Data Dictionary = Indexes repeated characters and replaces them with their index. Lossy Compression = Removes redundant details permanently without significant quality loss. Lossless Compression = Ensures no data is lost and files are fully restoreable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy Compression reduces file size more than Lossless Compression.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using lossy compression?

    <p>Requires less storage space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RAM primarily store?

    <p>User-programmed routines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data on magnetic storage devices is read as pits and lands.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a magnetic storage device?

    <p>Hard disk drive (HDD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In magnetic storage, data is stored in the form of __________.

    <p>magnetic dots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage types with their characteristics:

    <p>Magnetic Storage = Stored as magnetic dots Optical Storage = Stored as pits and lands RAM = User-programmed data ROM = Factory settings and routines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT involved in reading data from a magnetic storage device?

    <p>Electromagnetic read/write heads apply a magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data is written on optical storage devices using a laser beam.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electromagnetic read/write heads in magnetic storage?

    <p>To read and write data by accessing magnetic dots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory technology stores data in NAND/NOR chips?

    <p>Solid-state storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solid-state drives have moving parts that make them less durable than magnetic devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does volatile memory mean?

    <p>The content is lost when power is turned off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solid-state drives are considered ______ because they are not affected by magnetic fields.

    <p>non-magnetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of cloud data storage for employees?

    <p>Employees may be pressured to work after hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of solid-state drives?

    <p>Higher cost for the same storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the solid-state storage devices with their descriptions:

    <p>SSD = High-speed storage for computers Portable SSD = External storage for mobility SD Card = Used in cameras and portable devices USB Flash Memory = Removable storage solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression allows for the full restoration of the original file.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using solid-state technology over magnetic technology?

    <p>Faster data access speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of cloud storage for company owners.

    <p>Data can be accessed from any location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression retains all data, ensuring the original file can be _____ restored.

    <p>fully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data in solid-state devices is stored sequentially as ______ inside transistors.

    <p>0s and 1s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of file compression with their descriptions:

    <p>Lossy = Data is permanently lost and cannot be restored Lossless = Original file can be fully restored Streaming = Reduces time taken to transfer media files Storage Space = Decreases the amount of disk space needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason to compress files?

    <p>To increase file size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud storage can lead to increased security issues due to multiple copies of data being stored.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant expense associated with cloud storage for company owners?

    <p>Setup costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Primary Memory

    • Definition: Main memory directly accessible by the CPU.

    Secondary Storage

    • Definition: Non-volatile storage not directly accessed by the CPU.
    • Purpose: Stores permanent data, data not currently needed by the CPU, and data for transfer to other computers.
    • Technologies: Magnetic, optical, and solid-state.

    Primary Memory: RAM and ROM

    • RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile temporary memory.
      • Used to store:
        • Instructions currently in use
        • Data currently in use
        • Parts of applications/software in use
        • Parts of the operating system in use
    • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile permanent memory.
      • Can only be read from, not written to.
      • Stores firmware and start-up instructions.

    Summary of RAM and ROM Differences

    • RAM: Temporary, volatile, can be written to/read from, used for currently active data/programs, size can be increased.
    • ROM: Permanent, non-volatile, read-only, stores essential start-up data, size cannot be changed.

    Magnetic Storage Characteristics

    • Data stored as magnetic dots.
    • Multiple platters with sectors and tracks.
    • Data read/written/erased as magnetic dots move under read/write heads.

    Magnetic Storage Devices

    • Hard disk drive (HDD)
    • Portable hard disk drive
    • Magnetic tape drive

    How Data is Read from Magnetic Devices

    1. Data (magnetic dots) stored on platters in sectors and tracks.
    2. Platters spin at high speed.
    3. Read/write heads move quickly to access tracks/sectors.
    4. Data read as dots move under the read/write heads.

    How Data is Written to Magnetic Devices

    1. Data (magnetic dots) stored on platters in sectors and tracks.
    2. Platters spin at high speed.
    3. Read/write heads move quickly to access tracks/sectors.
    4. Read/write heads apply magnetic field to control the magnetic dots.

    Optical Storage Characteristics

    • Data represented on disks as pits and lands.
    • Optical device shines laser on the disk.
    • An optical arm moves the device across the disk.

    Optical Storage Devices

    • CD (ROM, R-RW)
    • DVD (ROM, R-RW, RAM)
    • Blu-ray disc

    How to Write Data to Optical Storage

    1. Disk spins.
    2. Laser beam shone onto the disk surface.
    3. Arm moves laser across the surface.
    4. Laser burns pits onto the surface.
    5. Pits and lands represent binary data (1s and 0s).

    How to Read Data from Optical Storage

    1. Disk spins.
    2. Laser beam shone onto the disk surface.
    3. Arm moves laser across the surface.
    4. Laser reads the pits and lands on the disk's surface.
    5. Reflected light from laser is captured by a sensor.

    Solid-State Storage Characteristics

    • Uses NAND/NOR chips to store data.
    • Made of transistors in a grid.
    • Transistors as control gates to control electron flow.

    Solid-State Storage Devices

    • Solid-state drive (SSD)
    • Portable SSD
    • SD Card
    • USB Flash Memory

    How Data is Stored on Solid-State Devices

    1. NAND/NOR chips (made of transistors) store data.
    2. Data stored by "flashing" onto chips.
    3. Electron flow controlled by transistors/gates.
    4. Data stored sequentially as 0s and 1s inside transistors.

    Advantages of Solid-State Technology

    • Faster data access speeds
    • More durable (no moving parts)
    • Lower power consumption
    • Cooler operation
    • Smaller size
    • No magnetic field interference

    Disadvantages of Solid-State Technology

    • More expensive than magnetic devices for equivalent storage.
    • Lower read/write longevity compared to magnetic devices.

    Virtual Memory

    • Definition: Memory management system using secondary storage to extend RAM capacity.
    • Used when RAM is full.
    • Created by partitioning the hard disk drive.
    • Data is divided into pages that are transferred to the hard disk when not needed.
    • Pages transferred back to RAM when needed.

    Importance of Virtual Memory

    • Extends RAM capacity.
    • Reduces need for expensive RAM.
    • Allows processing of large data amounts.
    • Prevents program crashes due to full RAM.

    Cloud Storage

    • Definition: Online storage platform storing data remotely on interlinked servers.
    • Advantages: Anytime/anywhere access, more storage, automatic backups, pay-as-you-go.
    • Disadvantages: Reliance on internet connection, potential security concerns, ongoing cost.

    File Compression: Lossy and Lossless

    • Lossy: Permanently removes redundant data, reducing file size. Some quality loss possible. Suitable for images, audio, and video files. (e.g. JPEG, .MP3).
    • Lossless: Preserves all data, maintaining the original file integrity. Suitable in cases where data loss is undesirable (e.g. code, text, databases).

    Lossless Compression Methods

    • Run-length encoding (RLE): Compresses repeated data patterns by encoding run length and data value.
    • Data dictionary: Assigns unique indexes to repeated data and stores them in a dictionary.

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    IGCSE Computer Science - Storage Devices and Compression PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on primary and secondary memory classifications. This quiz covers key concepts including RAM, ROM, and their differences, along with the purpose and technologies behind secondary storage. Perfect for beginners looking to understand computer memory.

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