Computer Lecture 2

Computer Lecture 2

• Software: Programs and instructions that tell hardware what to do; not physical; includes operating systems, applications, and tools.

How to Set Up a Computer System

• Place computer case, monitor, and peripherals (mouse, keyboard) on a desk.
• Connect cables:
  • Power cables to the wall socket.
  • Connect monitor, keyboard, and mouse to the CPU.
• Turn on the system using the power button.
• Install operating system and drivers if necessary.

Replacing Hardware Components

• Turn off and unplug the computer before starting.
• Identify the component to replace (e.g., RAM, hard drive, graphics card).
• Open the computer case with a screwdriver.
• Remove the faulty component and install the new one securely.
• Close the case, reconnect, and test the system.

Types of Software

• System Software: Manages hardware and runs the computer; examples: Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux).
• Application Software: Designed for specific tasks like writing, editing, or browsing; examples: Microsoft Word, Google Chrome.
• Utility Software: Maintains and optimizes the computer; examples: Antivirus, disk cleanup tools.

How to Use Common Operating Systems (e.g., Windows)

• Navigation: Use the Start menu to access apps and settings; File Explorer helps manage files and folders.
• Task Management: Use Task Manager to close unresponsive programs or monitor performance.
• Settings: Access "Control Panel" or "Settings" to adjust system preferences like Wi-Fi or display.

How to Install Software

• Download or insert media (from a trusted website or installation disk).
• Run the installer (double-click the setup file and follow on-screen instructions).
• Choose installation location (usually default).
• Complete installation (finish setup and restart the computer if needed).

How to Update System Settings

• Open "Settings" or "Control Panel."
• Navigate to sections like System, Network, or Updates.
• Adjust preferences (e.g., screen resolution or time settings).
• Update the system:
  • Go to "Windows Update" and check for updates.
  • Download and install updates for better performance and security.

File Management

• File: A collection of data stored on a computer (documents, images, videos).
• Folder: A virtual container used to organize files.

How to Create, Organize, Store, and Retrieve Files Efficiently

• Create: Right-click on the desktop or in a folder, select "New," and choose file or folder type.
• Organize: Use folders and subfolders with clear names (e.g., "Work > Projects > 2024"); sort files by type, date, or size.
• Store: Save files in specific folders or on cloud services like Google Drive; use meaningful file names.
• Retrieve: Use the search bar in File Explorer to find files by name or type; bookmark frequently used folders.

Dealing with Different File Types and Extensions

• Common File Types: Documents (.docx, .pdf, .txt); Videos (.mp4, .avi, .mkv); Images (.jpg, .png, .gif); Software (.exe, .apk).
• File Extensions: Identify file purpose by extension (e.g., .mp3 for audio); use appropriate software to open each type (e.g., Adobe Reader for .pdf).
• Backup and Manage Data: Save important files on external drives or cloud storage; schedule automatic backups to avoid data loss.

Next Lecture

• Troubleshooting and Problem-Solving.