Computer Interfaces and Communication Standards
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Questions and Answers

What is the main distinction between serial devices and parallel devices?

  • Serial devices transmit multiple bits simultaneously.
  • Parallel devices can only interface with USB ports.
  • Parallel devices are older technology than serial devices.
  • Serial devices communicate one bit at a time. (correct)

Which of the following devices is NOT typically connected via a serial port?

  • Scientific instruments
  • Game controllers
  • Webcams (correct)
  • 3D printers

What primary function does USB serve compared to older connection standards like serial and parallel ports?

  • USB connects devices exclusively for data transfer.
  • USB requires proprietary drivers for all devices.
  • USB standardizes connections to exchange data and supply power. (correct)
  • USB only connects high-powered devices.

Which term refers to the physical interface through which data is transmitted in serial communication?

<p>Port (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was USB first introduced?

<p>1995 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of devices commonly utilizes COM ports for communication?

<p>Serial devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of USB contributed to its popularity over serial and parallel ports?

<p>USB can supply power along with data transfer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is historically known for being connected via serial ports?

<p>Mice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of instructions allow a process to execute general-purpose computing tasks?

<p>Non-privileged instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes non-privileged instructions?

<p>Can be executed by any process in user mode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the interface units in a computer system?

<p>To supervise and synchronize input and output transfers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Bluetooth specifications is true?

<p>Functions on a frequency of 2.4 GHz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an I/O interface in a computer system?

<p>To facilitate communication between internal storage and external devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic of privileged instructions?

<p>Provide access to critical system resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of non-privileged arithmetic instructions?

<p>They perform basic calculations like addition and subtraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes user mode from kernel mode in operating systems?

<p>User mode provides limited access to system resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of devices can connect to Bluetooth headphones?

<p>Any Bluetooth device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of infrared technology?

<p>Remote control for a TV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is throughput commonly represented?

<p>In bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which variable affects the throughput of a USB port?

<p>The USB generation of the port (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the throughput of a call center with 50 employees that answered a total of 3000 calls in an 8-hour shift?

<p>7.5 calls per hour per employee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of a Bluetooth watch?

<p>Controlling smart home devices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is throughput related to the number of devices connected to a USB port?

<p>It decreases with more devices connected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated throughput of a soda company producing 1800 cans of soda per minute using 3 machines?

<p>600 cans per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the DMA controller in a computer system?

<p>To facilitate input and output transfers without CPU intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a hardware interrupt?

<p>A program control interruption from an external hardware event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might cause an exception related to peripheral devices?

<p>An invalid data state or user input error. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do interface units play in a computer system?

<p>They supervise and synchronize data transfers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error is specifically classified as a software exception?

<p>User input leading to invalid program execution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue that may arise with wireless peripheral devices?

<p>Connectivity problems due to battery life or driver issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is an incompatibility between a USB port and a device?

<p>The device fails to function properly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes what an exception is in the context of CPU operations?

<p>A condition that arises during program execution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of port is commonly used for connecting printers to a computer?

<p>Parallel Port (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which port is recognized as the most common connection for external monitors?

<p>VGA Port (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a PS/2 port?

<p>Connecting keyboards and mice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ports is primarily used for video and audio transmission?

<p>RCA Port (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which USB connector type is the newest in the series?

<p>USB Type-C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Ethernet port?

<p>Connecting to a local area network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which port is specifically used for high-speed data transfer between devices?

<p>FireWire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connector is commonly used to connect headphones?

<p>3.5mm Audio Jack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the group of companies that developed USB?

<p>To make it easier to connect external devices to PCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which USB version was introduced first and allowed data transfer speeds of 1.5 Mbps?

<p>USB 1.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows USB to support multiple devices and hubs?

<p>Multi-point, bus-based communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which USB version introduced high-speed data transfer capabilities of up to 5 Gbps?

<p>USB 3.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the power delivery capabilities of USB?

<p>USB 3.0 provides power delivery features. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes USB ports from serial ports regarding data transfer?

<p>Serial ports transfer data one bit at a time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was USB 4 introduced, and what is its data transfer speed?

<p>2019, 40 Gbps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of devices are typically connected using USB 3.1?

<p>External SSDs and 4K Video Cameras (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant advantage of USB over traditional serial ports?

<p>Ability to connect multiple devices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)?

A method allowing hardware components to access main memory directly, bypassing the CPU.

What is the primary use of DMA?

DMA involves transferring data from external devices such as hard drives, printers, and network adapters to the CPU, or vice versa.

What is an interface unit in DMA?

A communication link and hardware component used for synchronizing and controlling data transfers between the CPU and peripherals.

What is an Interrupt?

Interrupts are signals generated by external devices or the system itself that cause the CPU to temporarily stop its current task and execute a specific program or routine.

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What is an Exception?

Exceptions are conditions that arise during program execution, causing the CPU to pause and potentially change the program's flow.

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Give an example of a hardware interrupt.

Hardware interrupts are caused by external hardware events, such as timer chips, peripherals, I/O ports, disk drives, and expansion cards.

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Give an example of a software exception.

Software exceptions occur due to abnormal events in the program, such as a divide by zero error or an attempt to access an illegal memory location.

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What is a common peripheral incompatibility issue?

This may occur when connecting peripherals using USB ports, especially for legacy devices or after system updates. It can prevent peripherals from functioning correctly.

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Non-privileged Instructions

Instructions that can be executed by any process and are used for general-purpose computing tasks.

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Privileged Instructions

Instructions that can only be executed by the operating system or other privileged programs, allowing access to system resources and control.

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Privilege Levels

A mechanism that ensures the security and stability of an operating system by separating user programs from privileged system operations.

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I/O Interface

The method used to transfer information between internal storage and external I/O devices.

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Interface Units

Special hardware components that supervise and synchronize all input and output transfers between the CPU and peripherals.

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Bluetooth

A short-range wireless communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other.

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Infrared Communication

A type of wireless communication that uses infrared light to transmit data.

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Networking

A technology that allows devices to communicate over a network.

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What is Bluetooth?

Wireless technology used for connecting devices over short distances, like headphones, keyboards, and speakers.

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What is Throughput?

A measurement of data transfer speed, typically expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps).

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What is Infrared (IR)?

A method of data transfer using electromagnetic radiation without wires, commonly found in devices like TV remotes.

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What is a Bluetooth Car?

A car equipped with Bluetooth technology allows hands-free calling and other wireless features.

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What is a Bluetooth Lock?

A type of door lock that allows remote locking and unlocking using Bluetooth technology.

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What is USB Generation?

The generation of a USB port determines its maximum data transfer rate and throughput capabilities. There are versions like USB 2.0, USB 3.0, and USB 4.

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How does the number of devices impact USB throughput?

The total bandwidth of a USB port is shared among all connected devices. More devices mean less throughput for each device.

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How does the type of device impact USB throughput?

The type of connected device (e.g., hard drive, keyboard) can affect the USB throughput. High-speed devices need more bandwidth.

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Parallel Port

A type of port that allows data to be transferred in or out using multiple communication lines.

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USB Port

A standard for connecting peripherals to a computer using a single cable.

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PS/2 Port

A 6-pin connector used to connect keyboards and mice to a computer.

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VGA Port

A common connection for external monitors, often using a 15-pin connector.

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Modem/RJ11

A physical interface for connecting a PC's modem to a telephone network.

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HDMI

A high-speed interface for connecting audio and video devices.

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Ethernet

Used for connecting a computer to a local area network (LAN).

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DVI Port

A type of connector often used for connecting external monitors, providing a digital signal.

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Serial Communication

A type of communication where data is transferred one bit at a time, in contrast to parallel communication which transmits multiple bits simultaneously.

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Serial Port

A physical interface on a computer that allows serial devices to connect and transmit data one bit at a time.

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USB (Universal Serial Bus)

A standard for connecting devices to computers that has replaced older interfaces such as serial ports and parallel ports. It allows data transfer and power supply to a wide range of devices.

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Serial Device

A device that communicates with a computer or other device one bit at a time. Examples include 3D printers, microcontrollers, sensors, and older printers.

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Parallel Devices

Devices that communicate with a computer or other device by transmitting multiple bits simultaneously.

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Direct Memory Access (DMA)

The process of transferring data between a computer or peripheral device and main memory directly, without involving the CPU.

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Interrupts

Signals that interrupt the CPU's current task to handle a specific event, such as a peripheral requesting attention or a timer expiring.

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Exceptions

Abnormal events during program execution that cause the CPU to pause and potentially change the program's flow, such as a divide-by-zero error or an attempt to access illegal memory.

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USB 2.0

A type of USB with a maximum data transfer speed of 480 Mbps, introduced in 2000. It is widely compatible and supports various external devices like external hard drives and digital cameras.

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USB 3.0

A type of USB with a maximum data transfer speed of 5 Gbps, introduced in 2008. It enables significantly faster data transfer, supporting high-performance devices such as SSDs, high-definition webcams, and external hard drives.

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USB 3.1

A type of USB with a maximum data transfer speed of 10 Gbps, introduced in 2013. It offers even faster data transfer, supporting external SSDs, 4K video cameras, and other high-performance storage devices.

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USB 3.2

A type of USB with a maximum data transfer speed of 20 Gbps, introduced in 2017. It is designed for high-performance storage devices, handling large data transfers efficiently.

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USB 4

The latest version of USB with a maximum data transfer speed of 40 Gbps, introduced in 2019. Supports incredibly fast data transfer for high-performance storage devices, 4K video cameras, and other demanding devices.

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USB Power Delivery

A type of USB that can power external devices. It works with versions 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, and 3.1 Gen 2.

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Flash Drives

Small, portable storage devices that use USB connectors. They are commonly used for storing data, transferring files, and backing up information.

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External Hard Drives

External storage devices that use USB connections for data transfer. They are known for their larger storage capacity compared to flash drives and are used for backing up data, storing files, and running applications.

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Study Notes

Peripheral Devices

  • Peripheral devices are auxiliary components, connecting to the central processing unit (CPU)
  • They handle input/output functions without significant computational demands
  • Categorized into input, output, and communication devices

Input Devices

  • Translate external data into electrical signals understandable by the computer
  • Examples include keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones

Output Devices

  • Provide specific output, sometimes with storage capabilities
  • Examples include printers, speakers, and displays

Communication Devices

  • Facilitate communication between devices or systems
  • Examples include modems, network adapters, and USB drives

Types of Peripheral Device Connections

  • Programmed I/O: The CPU directly controls data transfer, program-driven
  • Interrupt-driven I/O: External devices interrupt the CPU for data transfer
  • Direct Memory Access (DMA): Allows hardware subsystems to access memory independently of the CPU

I/O Sub-system

  • Manages data transfer between the computer and external devices
  • Uses interface units to supervise and synchronize input/output

DMA (Direct Memory Access)

  • Feature of computer systems enabling hardware to access main memory directly bypassing CPU
  • Faster than other methods
  • Used to transfer data between CPU and external I/O devices (e.g., hard drives, printers, network adapters).

Interrupts and Exceptions

  • Interrupts: External devices or the system signal the CPU to temporarily stop its current task and execute a specific program or routine
  • Exceptions: Conditions arising during program execution, possibly stopping, changing the program's course
  • These can be from various sources (hardware problems, OS issues, damaged libraries, user error).

Incompatibility Issues

  • USB port and device incompatibility, potentially due to outdated components, legacy devices or software update issues.
  • Wireless peripherals (keyboard, mouse) might also experience issues with connectivity, battery life, or drivers.
  • Loose connections or physical damage to ports causes peripheral malfunctions.

Privileged and Non-Privileged Instructions

  • Privileged Instructions: Only the operating system kernel or a privileged process, like device drivers can execute these; are for hardware-direct access
  • Non-Privileged Instructions: Can be executed by any process and are general computing tasks like arithmetic, logical operations, and data transfers

Communication Devices

  • Bluetooth: Short-range wireless technology (2.4 GHz) with 32 feet range, 1 Mbps transfer rate and 721 Kbps throughput -Various types of Bluetooth devices for different applications
  • Infrared (IR): Utilizes electromagnetic radiation and is primarily for transferring data without wires; applications in various sectors including industry, medical, financial, and commercial establishments
  • Throughput: Measures total data transferred per unit of time (e.g., bits per second or bytes per second) used for calculations in different domains.

USB Ports

  • The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a widely adopted standard for connecting peripherals to computers
  • Data rates vary by version (e.g., USB 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
  • Protocol overhead: reduces overall data transfer rate
  • System load can affect the data transfer rate
  • Factors impacting USB throughput include: USB version, number of devices, device types, cable quality

Serial vs. Parallel Ports

  • Serial Ports: Transfer data one bit at a time, historically used for modems, mice, and keyboards.
  • Parallel Ports: Transmits multiple bits at once. Used for printers.

Different Types of Ports

  • Various types of ports exist for connecting different devices (e.g., DVI, RCA, HDMI, 3.5mm Audio, Infrared, Game ports).
  • Different types of computer ports are required for accommodating different needs for various hardware and software requirements.

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Peripheral Devices PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the distinctions between serial and parallel devices, as well as the role of USB and other connection standards in modern computing. This quiz will cover key concepts related to data transmission, interface units, and I/O operations. Enhance your understanding of how devices communicate within a computer system.

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