Computer Interface and Signal Matching Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of a public cloud?

Owned and operated by a third-party cloud service provider

Where is a private cloud physically located?

On the company’s on-site datacenter

What is a hybrid cloud?

Combination of public and private clouds

Give an example of a public cloud service provider.

Microsoft Azure Signup and view all the answers

How are services and infrastructure maintained in a private cloud?

On a private network Signup and view all the answers

Who owns and manages the hardware, software, and supporting infrastructure in a public cloud?

Cloud provider Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of cloud services mentioned?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) Signup and view all the answers

What does IaaS allow businesses to rent?

IT infrastructure, such as servers, storage, networks, and operating systems Signup and view all the answers

What does PaaS provide for software application development?

An on-demand environment for developing, testing, and managing software applications without worrying about underlying infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What does SaaS deliver over the Internet?

Software applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control-bus in a computer system?

To manage and control the flow of data within the system Signup and view all the answers

What does the decimal numeral system correspond to?

The number of fingers and has symbols 0-9 Signup and view all the answers

What does a nibble represent in terms of bits?

4 bits, with 16 possibilities Signup and view all the answers

How many combinations does a byte represent?

256 combinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of a word?

Everything larger than 1 byte, used to be 16 bits, and has 65536 combinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a parity bit in error detection?

To detect errors by ensuring either an odd or even number of bits in the data Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of the parity method for error detection?

It cannot correct errors, and can only detect single-bit errors Signup and view all the answers

What does a checksum do for error detection?

Calculates the sum of a set of data and sends it along with the data for comparison Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Hamming code in error detection and correction?

Adds redundant bits to data and allows both error detection and correction in some cases Signup and view all the answers

What type of level shifters are RS232 and RS485 used for?

Serial communication Signup and view all the answers

What is used in RS232 but not in RS485?

Masa(arding) or powering Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of synchronous serial communication?

Setting component serial numbers and data storage Signup and view all the answers

What are the different topologies in asynchronous communication?

Simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex, bus, star, ring, and web Signup and view all the answers

Name some types of operating systems mentioned in the text.

BIOS, Monitor, RTOS (Hard and Soft), DOS, Windows, Linux, macOS, and none Signup and view all the answers

What is started after a CPU reset?

User program Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of UEFI over BIOS?

Booting from large disks, CPU-independent architecture, and flexible pre-OS environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RTOS (Real-Time Operating System)?

Real-time applications Signup and view all the answers

What affects computing performance in terms of electrical signals?

CPU clock speed, current consumption, and power supply voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a cache in computing?

Temporary data storage for frequently used data, providing faster access and reducing average access time Signup and view all the answers

What are the hierarchical levels of cache mentioned in the text?

L1, L2, L3 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) mentioned in the text?

Hard and Soft Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of cache mentioned in the text?

Direct mapping, X-way set associative, and fully associative Signup and view all the answers

What does Hyper Threading allow a processor to do?

Execute two tasks simultaneously on a single core Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Bit Slicing?

To extend the word length of a processor Signup and view all the answers

Who founded Intel Corporation?

Robert Noyce, Moore, and Grove Signup and view all the answers

What was the first single chip microprocessor released by Intel Corporation?

4004 Signup and view all the answers

When did ARM Ltd begin making a profit?

1993 Signup and view all the answers

What are the target applications for CORTEX M processors?

Household devices, gaming, automotive, wireless applications, and subsystems for computers Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of CORTEX R processors?

High performance, fast processing, high clock frequency, real-time processing, dependable and reliable systems, and cost-effective features Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of CORTEX A processors?

Mobile applications Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the Megaprocessor's architecture?

16-bit architecture, seven registers, 256 bytes of RAM, and a questionable amount of PROM Signup and view all the answers

How many transistors are used for the processor in the Megaprocessor?

15,300 Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the Megaprocessor?

Around half a ton Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Hamming Code?

To improve the reliability of digital communication by enabling identification and potential correction of errors, particularly for single bits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CRC in digital communication?

To add a short checksum to data for error detection. Signup and view all the answers

What types of memory are included in Endian magnetic core memory?

ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and FLASH Signup and view all the answers

What are the sensitivities of EEPROM?

Static charges, temperature, and UV light Signup and view all the answers

Name some common interfaces used in digital communication.

I2C, SPI, and One Wire Interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a multiplexed and demultiplexed bus?

A multiplexed bus does not have separate data and address connections, while a demultiplexed bus does. Signup and view all the answers

How does DRAM store data?

Using capacitors and transistors Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of DRAM's data transfer rate?

Relatively slow due to its limited bandwidth from the refresh cycle Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of counters and timers?

To measure time and count events Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest resolution for ADCs and DACs?

1 bit Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the GPU in a computer system?

Responsible for graphical processing and can be used for other parallel tasks Signup and view all the answers

What is the main integration in the Sandybridge chip by Intel?

GPU and CPU into a single package Signup and view all the answers

What are the real-world signals that interfaces convert computer signals to match?

Amplitude, Current, Waveform, and Physical properties Signup and view all the answers

How are interfaces different from peripherals?

Interfaces can be programmed using languages and hardware components, while peripherals are devices like keyboard, display, and mouse. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of low-level programming languages?

Machine language (assembly language) involves addressing codes, labels, and opcodes. Signup and view all the answers

How can assembly language be translated to machine language?

Assembly language can be translated to machine language. Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of high-level programming languages?

Easy to understand, adjust code easily, and compiler protects hardware. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reasons for the decline of machine language?

Requires in-depth hardware knowledge, complex systems, and language and features depend on hardware. Signup and view all the answers

What are interrupts and how do they impact program execution?

Interrupts are signals that pause a program's normal execution to address a specific event. They improve system responsiveness and efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ARM Generic Interrupt Controller?

Manages and prioritizes interrupts, routes them to the correct processor core, and supports various interrupt modes. Signup and view all the answers

What does MMU (Memory Management Unit) do?

Converts virtual memory addresses used by programs into physical addresses on the hardware. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DMA (Direct Memory Access)?

Allows for data transfer between devices and system memory without CPU intervention, increasing efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What does RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) offer?

Stores data on multiple disks, offering redundancy and data recovery in case of a disk failure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between parallel communication and serial communication?

Parallel communication transmits data to multiple devices at the same time, while serial communication sends data one bit at a time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of level shifters in RS232 serial communication?

Level shifters are used to adjust signal levels between devices. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Interfaces convert computer signals to match real-world signals: Amplitude, Current, Waveform, and Physical properties.
Interface is different from peripherals (keyboard, display, mouse). Interfaces can be programmed using languages and hardware components (Arduino shields).
Low-level programming languages: Machine language (assembly language) involves addressing codes, labels, and opcodes.
High-level programming languages: Editors, compilers, IDEs, and opcodes. Assembly language can be translated to machine language.
Advantages of high-level languages: Easy to understand, adjust code easily, and compiler protects hardware.
Reasons for machine language's decline: Requires in-depth hardware knowledge, complex systems, and language and features depend on hardware.
Interrupts are signals that pause a program's normal execution to address a specific event. They improve system responsiveness and efficiency.
Interrupts can be hardware or software triggered, and crucial for multitasking and real-time systems.
ARM Generic Interrupt Controller manages and prioritizes interrupts, routes them to the correct processor core, and supports various interrupt modes.
MMU (Memory Management Unit) converts virtual memory addresses used by programs into physical addresses on the hardware.
DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows for data transfer between devices and system memory without CPU intervention, increasing efficiency.
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) stores data on multiple disks, offering redundancy and data recovery in case of a disk failure.
Parallel communication transmits data to multiple devices at the same time, while serial communication sends data one bit at a time.
Level shifters convert and adapt signal voltage levels to ensure compatibility between devices with different voltage requirements.
In RS232 serial communication, level shifters are used to adjust signal levels between devices.

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Description

Test your knowledge of computer interfaces and their role in adjusting signals to match real-world signals. This quiz covers topics such as amplitude, current, waveform, physical properties, peripherals, programming languages, and knowledge of hardware.