Computer Input and Output Devices

A piece of hardware that allows data to be entered into a computer.

A piece of hardware that displays the processed results from a computer.

These devices capture information from the real world and turn it into digital data, which can then be processed by a computer.

They are machines that can perform tasks automatically, controlled by a computer program.

This type of scanner captures a flat image, like a document or photo, and converts it into a digital file.

This type of scanner captures a 3D object, creating a digital model of its shape and appearance.

These codes store information that can be read by a smartphone camera, providing a quick link to websites or other content.

These cameras use microprocessors to automatically control settings like focus, aperture, and shutter speed, capturing digital images that can be edited and shared.

Bluetooth operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency and requires pairing between devices.

Wi-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses radio waves to connect devices to a network.

Bluetooth typically operates within a shorter range of 5-30 meters, while Wi-Fi can extend up to 95 meters indoors.

Malware is any software designed to harm a computer or network, whereas a virus is a type of malware that can replicate itself.

Antivirus software is designed to detect and remove viruses from a computer. It analyzes files and compares their characteristics to known virus signatures.

Anti-malware software is broader, detecting and removing various types of malicious software, including viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.

Video conferencing enables visual communication, incorporating body language and facial expressions, making it suitable for meetings and presentations.

Audio conferencing involves only audio communication, making it more affordable and effective for communication focused primarily on discussions and information sharing.

A microprocessor is a tiny, integrated circuit that serves as the central processing unit (CPU) for computers and other electronic devices.

Microprocessors enable various functionalities in appliances like increased energy efficiency, multiple cleaning modes in vacuums, and programmed settings in heating systems.

Flyers, brochures, and newsletters are traditional marketing tools that provide in-depth information.

Posters are large, visually engaging advertisements often placed strategically to target specific demographics.

Multimedia presentations leverage various forms of media, such as sound, animation, and video, to create more engaging and informative experiences.

Paper-based presentations offer the advantage of permanence and accessibility, allowing recipients to review the information at their convenience.

Mobile phones utilize cellular networks to connect with other phones and provide access to various services.

A type of microphone used in voiceovers and speech recognition systems. It captures sound directly from the user's voice.

A type of microphone used in voiceovers and speech recognition systems. It captures sound directly from the user's voice.

Touchscreen technology that uses an electric field to detect touch. Durable, responsive, supports multi-touch, but works only with fingers or special styluses.

Touchscreen technology that uses light beams to detect touch. Allows input via fingers, gloves, or styluses, with good durability but higher cost.

Touchscreen technology that uses pressure on a layer to detect touch. Inexpensive, works with various inputs, but less durable and lacks multi-touch capability.

A type of printer that uses heat or pressure to deposit ink onto paper. Ideal for small-scale printing but slower and prone to smudging.

A type of printer that uses laser beams to deposit toner onto paper. Faster, high-volume printing but larger and more expensive than inkjets.

A type of printer that builds 3D objects layer by layer using materials like resin, metal, or ceramic powders. Used in industries, hospitals, and for prototyping.

A type of projector that uses Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology for high-quality images typically used in cinemas and large-scale presentations.

A type of projector that uses Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology for a lower-cost but lower image quality, often used in classrooms and meetings.

A type of monitor that uses a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to display images. Bulky, outdated.

A type of monitor that uses a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to display images. Lightweight, energy-efficient, and widely used.

A type of monitor that uses LED backlighting technology with an LCD panel to display images. More energy-efficient and has better colors than standard LCD monitors.

A type of monitor that uses Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) technology for thin, lightweight, and flexible displays with excellent image quality.

The process of transmitting data between two or more devices connected together.

A communication network that connects devices within a small, limited geographical area.

A communication network that connects devices over a wide geographical area.

A type of network that uses radio waves to connect devices wirelessly. It is a wireless variation of LAN.

A device that connects two or more networks and directs data packets between them.

School management systems (SMS) store comprehensive data about students, including their academic records, personal details, and attendance information. They also manage staff records, financial transactions, and facility details.

Booking systems often share common functionalities, including search, filtering, multi-currency support, date management, offer presentation, availability checks, client information management, and cancellation options.

Banking systems encompass a wide range of financial institutions and technologies used for managing money, providing loans, and enabling financial transactions. Examples include ATMs, internet banking, and mobile banking.

ATMs are self-service machines that allow customers to perform various banking tasks such as cash withdrawals, balance inquiries, and fund transfers. These machines typically require card insertion, PIN verification, and service selection.

Online banking allows customers to manage their bank accounts remotely using the internet. Features include transferring funds, paying bills, viewing account statements, and accessing other banking services.

Expert systems are AI-powered programs designed to mimic the expertise of human experts in a specific field. They use knowledge bases and inference engines to solve problems and provide advice.

Expert systems use a knowledge base to store information relevant to the domain, an inference engine to reason and draw conclusions from the knowledge base, and a user interface to interact with users and provide answers.

3D printing in medicine offers various potential applications, such as creating model simulations for surgeries, producing custom surgical tools, printing tissues and organs, creating implants like crowns, and fabricating personalized medicine.

Expert systems offer various benefits, including a high level of expertise, accuracy, consistent results, vast storage capacity for facts, multi-disciplinary capability, fast response times, and unbiased reporting.

Expert systems also have drawbacks, including the need for user training, setup and maintenance costs, the potential for cold responses, dependence on accurate information, and the possibility of users making dangerous assumptions.

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a condition caused by repetitive movements, leading to pain, aches, and numbness in muscles. It commonly affects people who use computers for prolonged periods.

Common causes of RSI include poor posture, inadequate breaks during work sessions, and overuse of certain muscles. For instance, poor posture while using a keyboard can strain the wrists and forearms, leading to discomfort.

To reduce the effects of RSI, regular breaks are crucial to allow muscles to recover. Maintaining good posture, like sitting upright with back support, helps prevent strain. Minimizing repetitive movements by alternating tasks also reduces stress on specific muscles.

Prolonged computer use can result in back and neck problems due to poor posture. Sitting for extended periods without proper back support can strain the spine, causing pain and discomfort.

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) arises from excessive screen time, leading to headaches, eye dryness, and difficulty focusing. It occurs due to the constant strain placed on the eyes while staring at screens.

Deadlines, technical glitches, and the constant influx of digital information can create stress and anxiety, particularly for individuals who spend considerable time on computers.

Excessive internet or gaming usage can negatively impact personal, family, and academic life, leading to symptoms of addiction. This may involve neglecting responsibilities and spending an excessive amount of time online.

Sitting for long periods, particularly while using a computer, contributes to a sedentary lifestyle, which can increase the risk of weight gain and heart disease. Lack of physical activity can negatively impact overall health.

Exposure to screen light before bedtime disrupts the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, known as the circadian rhythm. This can lead to difficulty falling asleep and poor sleep quality.

Ergonomics involves adjusting workstations to reduce physical strain. This includes using supportive chairs, ensuring the computer screen is at eye level, and adjusting the keyboard and mouse for optimal positioning.

Regular breaks are essential for preventing physical strain and maintaining mental well-being while using computers. These breaks should involve stretching, resting the eyes, and changing posture to avoid prolonged static positions

Using screen filters can help minimize glare and harsh light from devices, reducing eye strain and potentially improving sleep quality.

Techniques like mindfulness or meditation can help manage stress levels associated with computer use, promoting a sense of calm and balance.

Maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity are crucial for overall health and well-being, particularly for individuals who spend significant time using computers.

Computerised systems offer numerous advantages, including faster response times compared to humans. They can also be easily replaced and perform tasks with greater efficiency, revolutionising various industries.

While computerised systems offer advantages, they also come with challenges. High initial setup costs for computers and the potential for job displacement are concerns. Additionally, human error can affect computer systems, and misuse of technology for harmful purposes raises ethical dilemmas.