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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer system?
What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer system?
executes instructions and performs calculations
What type of software manages hardware and provides an interface for user interaction?
What type of software manages hardware and provides an interface for user interaction?
Operating System (OS)
What is the purpose of a graphics card in a computer system?
What is the purpose of a graphics card in a computer system?
controls output display
What type of software is used to create other software?
What type of software is used to create other software?
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What is the primary function of the motherboard in a computer system?
What is the primary function of the motherboard in a computer system?
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What type of software is permanently stored in read-only memory (ROM)?
What type of software is permanently stored in read-only memory (ROM)?
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Independent ______: Standalone clauses with a subject and a predicate
Independent ______: Standalone clauses with a subject and a predicate
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Adverbial ______: Modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Adverbial ______: Modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
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Attributive ______: Precede the noun they modify
Attributive ______: Precede the noun they modify
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Present ______: Actions that happen now
Present ______: Actions that happen now
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Subordinating ______: because, although, unless
Subordinating ______: because, although, unless
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Complex ______: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
Complex ______: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
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Manner ______: Modify verbs
Manner ______: Modify verbs
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Relative ______: Describe a noun or pronoun
Relative ______: Describe a noun or pronoun
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Words that refer to people, places, things, and ideas are called ______ in grammar.
Words that refer to people, places, things, and ideas are called ______ in grammar.
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[Blank] pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence.
[Blank] pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence.
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Verbs that express a state of being are called ______ verbs.
Verbs that express a state of being are called ______ verbs.
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Words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns are called ______.
Words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns are called ______.
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Adverbs that describe manner are called ______ adverbs.
Adverbs that describe manner are called ______ adverbs.
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A sentence with one independent clause is called a ______ sentence.
A sentence with one independent clause is called a ______ sentence.
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[Blank] sentences are used to make statements.
[Blank] sentences are used to make statements.
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Words that express emotion or feeling are called ______.
Words that express emotion or feeling are called ______.
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Study Notes
Hardware
- Physical components of a computer system:
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): executes instructions and performs calculations
- Memory (RAM): temporary storage for data and applications
- Storage: long-term storage for data, programs, and operating system
- Input/Output Devices: keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers, etc.
- Motherboard: main circuit board connecting hardware components
- Power Supply: provides power to components
- Graphics Card: controls output display
- Sound Card: handles audio output
- Network Card: connects to a network
Software
- Programs and operating systems that run on computer hardware:
-
Operating System (OS): manages hardware and provides interface for user interaction
- Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux
-
Applications: programs that perform specific tasks
- Examples: word processors, web browsers, games
-
System Software: manages and supports computer operations
- Examples: device drivers, utilities
-
Programming Languages: used to create software
- Examples: Python, Java, C++
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Firmware: permanent software stored in read-only memory (ROM)
- Examples: BIOS, UEFI
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Operating System (OS): manages hardware and provides interface for user interaction
Hardware
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): executes instructions and performs calculations
- Memory (RAM): temporary storage for data and applications
- Storage: long-term storage for data, programs, and operating system
- Input/Output Devices: keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers, etc.
- Motherboard: main circuit board connecting hardware components
- Power Supply: provides power to components
- Graphics Card: controls output display
- Sound Card: handles audio output
- Network Card: connects to a network
Software
- Operating System (OS): manages hardware and provides interface for user interaction
- Examples of OS: Windows, macOS, Linux
- Applications: programs that perform specific tasks
- Examples of Applications: word processors, web browsers, games
- System Software: manages and supports computer operations
- Examples of System Software: device drivers, utilities
- Programming Languages: used to create software
- Examples of Programming Languages: Python, Java, C++
- Firmware: permanent software stored in read-only memory (ROM)
- Examples of Firmware: BIOS, UEFI
Parts of Speech
-
Nouns: Words that refer to people, places, things, and ideas
- Proper Nouns: Names of specific people, places, and things (e.g. John, London)
- Common Nouns: General terms (e.g. dog, city)
- Collective Nouns: Groups of people, animals, or things (e.g. family, team)
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Pronouns: Words that replace nouns in a sentence
- Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Possessive Pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
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Verbs: Words that express action or a state of being
- Action Verbs: run, jump, read
- Linking Verbs: be, seem, appear
- Helping Verbs: will, would, shall
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Adjectives: Words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns
- Quantitative Adjectives: many, few, much, little
- Qualitative Adjectives: happy, big, blue
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Adverbs: Words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
- Manner Adverbs: quickly, loudly, wisely
- Time Adverbs: yesterday, tomorrow, soon
- Place Adverbs: here, there, everywhere
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Prepositions: Words that show relationships between words or phrases
- Words of Location: in, on, at, by
- Words of Direction: to, from, up, down
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Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses
- Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, so
- Subordinating Conjunctions: because, although, unless
- Interjections: Words that express emotion or feeling
Sentence Structure
-
Simple Sentences: One independent clause
- Declarative Sentences: Statements (e.g. I like coffee)
- Interrogative Sentences: Questions (e.g. Do you like coffee?)
- Imperative Sentences: Commands (e.g. Make me a cup of coffee)
- Exclamatory Sentences: Expressions of emotion (e.g. What a beautiful day!)
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Compound Sentences: Two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction
- Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, so
-
Complex Sentences: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
- Subordinating Conjunctions: because, although, unless
- Compound-Complex Sentences: Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
Clauses
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Independent Clauses: Standalone clauses with a subject and a predicate
- Subject: The noun or pronoun that performs the action
- Predicate: The verb and any additional information
-
Dependent Clauses: Clauses that cannot stand alone, often starting with a subordinating conjunction
- Relative Clauses: Describe a noun or pronoun (e.g. The book, which is on the table, is mine)
- Adverbial Clauses: Modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (e.g. Because I was tired, I went to bed)
Modifiers
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Adjectives: Modify nouns or pronouns
- Attributive Adjectives: Precede the noun they modify (e.g. the big red car)
- Predicate Adjectives: Follow a linking verb (e.g. The car is red)
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Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
- Manner Adverbs: Modify verbs (e.g. She sings beautifully)
- Time Adverbs: Modify verbs (e.g. We will arrive tomorrow)
- Place Adverbs: Modify verbs (e.g. The meeting is at the office)
Verb Tenses
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Present Tense: Actions that happen now
- Simple Present: I go, you go, he/she/it goes, we go, they go
- Present Progressive: I am going, you are going, he/she/it is going, we are going, they are going
- Present Perfect: I have gone, you have gone, he/she/it has gone, we have gone, they have gone
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Past Tense: Actions that happened in the past
- Simple Past: I went, you went, he/she/it went, we went, they went
- Past Progressive: I was going, you were going, he/she/it was going, we were going, they were going
- Past Perfect: I had gone, you had gone, he/she/it had gone, we had gone, they had gone
-
Future Tense: Actions that will happen in the future
- Simple Future: I will go, you will go, he/she/it will go, we will go, they will go
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Description
Learn about the physical components of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, storage, input/output devices, motherboard, power supply, and graphics card. Understand the functions of each hardware component.
