Domain II- Competency 005

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the CPU?

Execution of instructions from software programs and performing arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations (correct)

Rendering images, videos, and animations

Permanent storage of data and programs

Temporary storage of data and instructions

What is the unit of measurement for the speed of a CPU?

GHz (correct)

MHz

What type of memory allows for quick access to data needed by active programs?

Cache memory

Storage devices

RAM (correct)

GPU

What is the primary function of a storage device?

Permanent storage of data and programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a GPU?

Dedicated processing of graphics and animations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main circuit board that houses the CPU, memory, storage devices, and other components?

Motherboard Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the capacity of a storage device?

TB Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of input and output devices?

Allowing users to interact with the computer and receive information from it Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Process Management system in an Operating System?

To allocate system resources (CPU, memory) to processes and manage multitasking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an Imperative Programming Paradigm?

Focuses on describing a sequence of steps or commands that change the program's state Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a File System Management system in an Operating System?

To control how files are stored, organized, and accessed on storage devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Desktop OS?

Examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a User Management system in an Operating System?

To manage user accounts, permissions, and profiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Paradigm?

Organizes code into objects that encapsulate data (attributes) and behavior (methods) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Device Management system in an Operating System?

To control communication between hardware devices and the OS Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Server OS?

Examples include Windows Server, Linux distributions, and macOS Server Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Updates and Maintenance in an Operating System?

To provide updates, patches, and security fixes to ensure the OS remains stable and secure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of abstraction in software design?

To simplify complex problems by focusing on essential aspects Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of modularity in software design?

Breaking down software into smaller, manageable components Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Mobile OS?

Examples include Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile Signup and view all the answers

Which design pattern is used to create a single instance of a class?

Singleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of integration testing?

To test how units work together as a group Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept in object-oriented design that allows objects to be treated as instances of their superclass or subclass?

Polymorphism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of test-driven development?

To write tests before writing code Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using design patterns in software development?

Reusable solutions to common design problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of acceptance testing?

To verify user expectations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of project-based learning in software development education?

Improved understanding of software design principles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of iteration in programming?

To repeat a set of instructions or actions a specified number of times Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of debugging in programming?

To identify and fix errors in a program Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of computational thinking in the design thinking process?

To help frame problems and explore solutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?

To combine various tools and features into a single user interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a code editor in an IDE?

To provide a text editor for writing and editing source code Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using an IDE?

It provides a comprehensive development environment with various tools and features Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of abstraction in data analysis?

To extract relevant information from large datasets Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of debugging tools in an IDE?

To identify and fix errors in code Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of refactoring code?

To improve code readability and maintainability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of build automation tools in an IDE?

To automate repetitive tasks such as compiling, testing, and deploying code Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of project management tools in an IDE?

To facilitate organizing files, dependencies, and project settings Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the declarative programming paradigm?

Focuses on describing the desired result without explicitly detailing how to achieve it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key phase of the software development process?

Implementation Signup and view all the answers

Which programming paradigm focuses on tasks running simultaneously and utilizing multiple processors or cores?

Parallel and concurrent programming paradigm Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of introducing students to different programming paradigms?

Improved problem-solving skills Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the functional programming paradigm?

Treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the requirements gathering phase of the software development process?

Understanding and documenting user needs and system requirements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a language that uses the object-oriented programming paradigm?

Java Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of integrating programming paradigms into computer science and STEM curricula?

Providing a comprehensive understanding of software development methodologies Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the event-driven programming paradigm?

Programs respond to events triggered by user actions or system events. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the deployment phase of the software development process?

Installing the software in the production environment and making it available to users Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following IDEs is designed specifically for Python development?

PyCharm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using an IDE in educational settings?

Enhanced learning and teaching Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of file management in digital literacy?

To organize and manage digital files effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of data manipulation?

To extract useful information or derive insights Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of data input in a computer system?

To enter data into a computer system for processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a file operation?

Creating a new file Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a data structure?

Array Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of data validation in data input?

To ensure input data meets specified criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of data integration?

To combine data from multiple sources or formats for analysis and reporting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following IDEs is known for its high customizability?

Atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of syntax in programming languages?

Defining the structure and rules of a programming language Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of comments in programming code?

To document code and improve readability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using IDEs in software development?

Preparation for industry-standard development practices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of file systems in file management?

To organize and retrieve data on storage devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of semantics in programming languages?

Defining the meaning and interpretation of code Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of data output in a computer system?

To present processed data to users or other systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of control structures in programming?

To determine the flow of execution in a program Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of hands-on projects in data manipulation?

Enhanced problem-solving skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cross-disciplinary learning in data manipulation?

To apply file management and data principles across various subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of educational applications in syntax?

Teaching programming fundamentals and debugging skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

Bundling data and methods into a single unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of modular design in software development?

Improved system scalability Signup and view all the answers

Which sorting algorithm recursively divides the array into two halves and merges them back together?

Merge Sort Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hash tables in searching algorithms?

Enable constant-time average search operations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of project-based learning in software development education?

Enhanced collaboration and teamwork skills Signup and view all the answers

Which design principle promotes separating modules to address specific functionalities or aspects of a system?

Separation of Concerns Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of teaching algorithm analysis in software development education?

Analyze time complexity and space complexity of algorithms Signup and view all the answers

Which searching algorithm assumes the list is sorted and repeatedly divides the search interval in half?

Binary Search Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of code reviews and refactoring in software development education?

Enhanced code readability and maintainability Signup and view all the answers

Which design technique involves dividing a problem into smaller sub-problems, solving each sub-problem recursively, and combining solutions?

Divide and Conquer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of Dynamic Programming?

It breaks down complex problems into simpler sub-problems Signup and view all the answers

Which algorithm is often used in constraint satisfaction problems?

Backtracking Algorithm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Heuristic Algorithms?

To find a practical and efficient solution to complex problems Signup and view all the answers

What type of control structure is used to execute code based on specific conditions?

Conditional Statements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Interactive Learning in education?

It engages students in hands-on activities and coding exercises Signup and view all the answers

Which data representation system is used for representing integers and floating-point numbers?

Binary, hexadecimal, and decimal systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Critical Thinking in education?

To evaluate algorithm efficiency, scalability, and applicability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Problem-Based Learning in education?

It assigns projects that require students to analyze, design, and implement algorithms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of abstraction in software design?

To manage complexity by hiding implementation details Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abstraction represents essential features without including background details?

Data Abstraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of modularization in software design?

Code organization and reusability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exception handling in control structures?

To manage unexpected events or errors Signup and view all the answers

Which data structure is used for organizing and accessing data efficiently?

Arrays, lists, queues, and stacks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary educational application of data representation?

Digital literacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary educational application of abstraction mechanisms?

Conceptual understanding Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using control structures in programming?

Optimized program performance and resource utilization Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Computer Hardware Characteristics and Functions

Central Processing Unit (CPU):
- Executes instructions from software programs
- Performs arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations
- Characteristics: speed (measured in GHz), number of cores, cache memory, and architecture
Memory (RAM):
- Temporary storage for data and instructions
- Allows for quick access to data needed by active programs
- Characteristics: capacity (measured in gigabytes, GB), speed (measured in MHz or GHz), and type (e.g., DDR4, DDR5)
Storage Devices:
- Permanent storage for data and programs
- Examples: hard disk drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), and flash drives
- Characteristics: capacity (measured in terabytes, TB), speed (measured in RPM for HDD or MB/s for SSD), and durability (e.g., lifespan of SSD)
Input and Output Devices:
- Devices that allow users to interact with the computer (input) and receive information from it (output)
- Examples: keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and scanners
- Characteristics: connectivity (e.g., USB, HDMI, wireless), resolution (for monitors and printers), and input methods (e.g., touchscreens)
Motherboard:
- Main circuit board that houses the CPU, memory, storage devices, and other components
- Provides connectivity and communication between all hardware components
- Characteristics: form factor (e.g., ATX, microATX), chipset (e.g., Intel, AMD), slots (e.g., PCIe, RAM slots), and connectors (e.g., SATA, USB)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):
- Dedicated processor for rendering images, videos, and animations
- Essential for graphics-intensive tasks such as gaming, video editing, and 3D modeling
- Characteristics: processing power (measured in CUDA cores or stream processors), memory (e.g., VRAM for graphics cards), and compatibility with software (e.g., DirectX, OpenGL)

Operating Systems

Definition:
- System software that manages computer hardware and software resources
- Provides common services for computer programs
Functions:
- Process Management: allocates system resources (CPU, memory) to processes and manages multitasking
- Memory Management: manages and optimizes system memory (RAM) usage to ensure efficient performance and prevent crashes
- File System Management: controls how files are stored, organized, and accessed on storage devices
- User Interface: provides a graphical or command-line interface (CLI) for users to interact with the computer and its applications
- Security: implements security measures such as user authentication, access control, encryption, and firewall protection
- Device Management: controls communication between hardware devices and the OS to ensure compatibility and functionality

Practical Applications in Education

Hardware Familiarization: introduce students to computer hardware components, their functions, and how they interact
Operating System Exploration: introduce students to different types of operating systems and their features
Troubleshooting and Maintenance: teach basic troubleshooting techniques and maintenance tasks to ensure computers operate efficiently

Programming Language Paradigms

Imperative Programming Paradigm:
- Focuses on describing a sequence of steps or commands that change the program's state
- Emphasizes how to achieve computation
- Examples: Procedural languages like C, Pascal, and BASIC
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Paradigm:
- Organizes code into objects that encapsulate data and behavior
- Emphasizes modularity, reusability, and abstraction
- Examples: Languages like Java, C++, Python, and Ruby
Functional Programming Paradigm:
- Treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions
- Emphasizes immutability, higher-order functions, and declarative style
- Examples: Languages like Haskell, Lisp, Scala, and JavaScript (to some extent)
Declarative Programming Paradigm:
- Focuses on describing the desired result without explicitly detailing how to achieve it
- Emphasizes what should be done rather than how
- Examples: Languages like SQL, HTML/CSS, and some aspects of functional programming
Event-Driven Programming Paradigm:
- Programs respond to events triggered by user actions or system events
- Emphasizes event handlers and callbacks
- Examples: Languages like JavaScript (for web development), Visual Basic (for GUI applications)
Parallel and Concurrent Programming Paradigm:
- Focuses on tasks running simultaneously (concurrency) and utilizing multiple processors or cores (parallelism)
- Emphasizes synchronization and communication between processes
- Examples: Languages like Erlang, Go, and features in languages like Java and Python### Directories and Folders
Organizational units for grouping related files and managing hierarchical file structures.
Used for organizing files and facilitating teamwork and project-based learning.

File Operations

Creating, copying, moving, renaming, deleting, and searching for files and folders.
Controlling access to files and folders through permissions settings (read, write, execute) and encryption.

Permissions and Security

Controlling access to files and folders through permissions settings (read, write, execute) and encryption.
Emphasizes best practices for data backup, version control, and file organization to prevent data loss.

Principles of Data Input/Output (I/O)

Data Input

The process of entering data into a computer system for processing.
Methods: Keyboard input, mouse input, touchscreens, scanners, cameras, sensors, and other input devices.
Data Validation: Ensuring input data meets specified criteria (e.g., data type, range, format) to maintain accuracy and integrity.

Data Output

The process of presenting processed data to users or other systems.
Methods: Display devices (monitors, screens), printers, speakers, and other output devices.
Formatting: Presenting output data in a readable and meaningful format (e.g., text, graphics, audio, video).

Educational Applications

Interactive Learning: Engages students through interactive multimedia content and feedback mechanisms.
Assessment and Feedback: Facilitates automated grading and feedback systems in educational software applications.
Accessibility: Adapts data output to accommodate diverse learner needs, including visual or auditory impairments.

Principles of Data Manipulation

Definition: Transforming and processing data to extract useful information or derive insights.
Key Concepts: Data Types and Structures, Operations, Data Integration.

Educational Relevance

Problem-Solving Skills: Develops analytical and critical thinking skills through data-driven decision-making exercises.
Curriculum Integration: Integrates data manipulation skills into STEM and computer science curricula for practical applications.
Real-World Applications: Prepares students for careers in data analysis, database management, and information technology fields.

Practical Application in Education

Hands-On Projects: Engage students in projects that require file management, data input/output, and manipulation skills.
Simulation and Modeling: Use educational software tools to simulate real-world scenarios for data analysis and decision-making exercises.
Cross-Disciplinary Learning: Apply file management and data principles across various subjects to reinforce learning and application.

Syntax

Definition: Rules and structure governing the correct use of symbols, keywords, and punctuation in a programming language.
Key Elements: Keywords, Variables, Operators, Expressions and Statements, Comments.

Educational Application

Programming Fundamentals: Teaches students how to write syntactically correct code and understand programming language rules.
Debugging Skills: Helps students identify and fix syntax errors in their programs.
Language Familiarity: Introduces students to different syntaxes and programming paradigms across languages.

Semantics

Definition: The meaning or interpretation of the code written in a programming language.
Key Concepts: Data Types, Variables and Constants, Functions and Procedures, Scope and Lifetime, Error Handling.

Educational Application

Conceptual Understanding: Teaches students how programming constructs translate into executable behaviors.
Logical Thinking: Encourages students to analyze and predict program outcomes based on semantic rules.
Best Practices: Emphasizes writing clear, maintainable code that adheres to semantic conventions and standards.

Control Structures

Definition: Dictate the flow of execution in a program, determining how statements and expressions are executed based on conditions and loops.
Types of Control Structures: Conditional Statements, Loops, Branching, Exception Handling.

Educational Application

Algorithm Design: Teaches students how to structure algorithms using conditional logic and iteration.
Problem Solving: Encourages students to implement control structures to solve real-world problems and computational challenges.
Code Efficiency: Promotes the use of control structures to optimize program performance and resource utilization.

Data Representations

Definition: How data is stored, processed, and manipulated in a computer system using binary digits (bits) and bytes.
Key Concepts: Numeric Representation, Character Representation, Data Structures, File Formats.

Educational Application

Digital Literacy: Teaches students how computers store and process data at the fundamental level.
Data Security: Introduces students to encryption techniques and secure data handling practices.
Multimedia Applications: Explains data representations used in images, audio, video, and interactive media formats.

Practical Application in Education

Interactive Coding Exercises: Engage students in hands-on programming tasks to practice syntax, semantics, and control structures.
Algorithmic Thinking: Guide students through designing algorithms that incorporate conditional logic, loops, and data manipulation techniques.
Cross-Disciplinary Integration: Apply programming concepts to other subjects, demonstrating their relevance and practical applications.

Abstraction Mechanisms

Definition: Simplifying complex systems or ideas by focusing on essential characteristics while ignoring unnecessary details.
Key Abstraction Mechanisms: Data Abstraction, Procedural Abstraction, Control Abstraction, Interface Abstraction.

Educational Application

Conceptual Understanding: Teaches students to think in terms of high-level concepts and problem-solving strategies.
Object-Oriented Design: Introduces students to designing systems using classes, objects, and inheritance to achieve abstraction.
Software Engineering: Emphasizes the importance of abstraction in modular design, code reusability, and maintainability.

Principles of Modularization

Definition: Breaking down a system into smaller, manageable modules or components that can be developed, tested, and maintained independently.
Key Principles: Encapsulation, Separation of Concerns, Modularity, Scalability and Maintainability.

Educational Application

Software Design: Teaches students to design and implement modular systems using principles like cohesion and coupling.
Project-Based Learning: Engages students in collaborative projects that require modular design and integration of independently developed components.
Version Control: Introduces version control systems (e.g., Git) to manage changes and collaboration in modular software development.

Fundamental Algorithms

Sorting Algorithms

Definition: Arrange elements of a list or array in a specific order (e.g., numerical or lexicographical).
Key Sorting Algorithms: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort.

Educational Application

Algorithm Analysis: Teaches students to analyze time complexity (e.g., Big O notation) and space complexity of sorting algorithms.
Hands-On Practice: Provides opportunities for students to implement sorting algorithms in programming assignments and projects.
Real-World Examples: Demonstrates practical applications of sorting algorithms in data processing, search algorithms, and computational problems.

Searching Algorithms

Definition: Find the position of a target value within a data structure (e.g., array, list).
Key Searching Algorithms: Linear Search, Binary Search, Hash Table (Hash Map).

Educational Application

Efficiency Comparison: Compares time complexity and efficiency of searching algorithms, emphasizing the advantages of binary search over linear search for sorted lists.
Problem-Solving Skills: Challenges students to apply searching algorithms to solve real-world problems, such as finding elements in databases or collections.
Algorithm Design: Introduces students to algorithmic thinking and problem decomposition when designing and implementing searching algorithms.

Algorithm Design Techniques

Divide and Conquer: Divides a problem into smaller sub-problems, solves each sub-problem recursively, and combines solutions to solve the original problem.
Dynamic Programming: Solves complex problems by breaking them down into simpler overlapping sub-problems and storing computed results to avoid redundant calculations.
Greedy Algorithms: Makes locally optimal choices at each step to find a global optimum solution, often used in optimization and scheduling problems.
Backtracking: Systematically searches through all possible solutions to find the optimal solution, often used in constraint satisfaction problems.
Heuristic Algorithms: Uses rules of thumb or approximate methods to find solutions that may not be optimal but are practical and efficient.

Practical Application in Education

Interactive Learning: Engages students in hands-on activities and coding exercises to implement sorting, searching, and algorithm design techniques.
Problem-Based Learning: Assigns projects that require students to analyze, design, and implement algorithms to solve computational problems.
Critical Thinking: Encourages students to evaluate algorithm efficiency, scalability, and applicability to different scenarios.

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Domain II- Competency 005

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the CPU?

What is the unit of measurement for the speed of a CPU?

What type of memory allows for quick access to data needed by active programs?

What is the primary function of a storage device?

What is the primary function of a GPU?

What is the main circuit board that houses the CPU, memory, storage devices, and other components?

What is the unit of measurement for the capacity of a storage device?

What is the primary function of input and output devices?

What is the primary function of a Process Management system in an Operating System?

What is the primary characteristic of an Imperative Programming Paradigm?

What is the primary function of a File System Management system in an Operating System?

What is the primary characteristic of a Desktop OS?

What is the primary function of a User Management system in an Operating System?

What is the primary characteristic of an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Paradigm?

What is the primary function of a Device Management system in an Operating System?

What is the primary characteristic of a Server OS?

What is the primary function of Updates and Maintenance in an Operating System?

What is the primary goal of abstraction in software design?

What is the main advantage of modularity in software design?

What is the primary characteristic of a Mobile OS?

Which design pattern is used to create a single instance of a class?

What is the primary purpose of integration testing?

What is the key concept in object-oriented design that allows objects to be treated as instances of their superclass or subclass?

What is the primary goal of test-driven development?

What is the main advantage of using design patterns in software development?

What is the primary purpose of acceptance testing?

What is the primary advantage of project-based learning in software development education?

What is the primary purpose of iteration in programming?

What is the main objective of debugging in programming?

What is the role of computational thinking in the design thinking process?

What is the purpose of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?

What is the primary function of a code editor in an IDE?

What is the main advantage of using an IDE?

What is the role of abstraction in data analysis?

What is the primary function of debugging tools in an IDE?

What is the main objective of refactoring code?

What is the primary function of build automation tools in an IDE?

What is the primary function of project management tools in an IDE?

What is a characteristic of the declarative programming paradigm?

What is a key phase of the software development process?

Which programming paradigm focuses on tasks running simultaneously and utilizing multiple processors or cores?

What is a key benefit of introducing students to different programming paradigms?

What is a characteristic of the functional programming paradigm?

What is the main goal of the requirements gathering phase of the software development process?

Which of the following is an example of a language that uses the object-oriented programming paradigm?

What is a benefit of integrating programming paradigms into computer science and STEM curricula?

What is a characteristic of the event-driven programming paradigm?

What is the main goal of the deployment phase of the software development process?

Which of the following IDEs is designed specifically for Python development?

What is the primary benefit of using an IDE in educational settings?

What is the main purpose of file management in digital literacy?

What is the primary goal of data manipulation?

What is the primary function of data input in a computer system?

Which of the following is an example of a file operation?

Which of the following is an example of a data structure?

What is the primary purpose of data validation in data input?

What is the purpose of data integration?

Which of the following IDEs is known for its high customizability?

What is the main focus of syntax in programming languages?

What is the purpose of comments in programming code?

What is the primary benefit of using IDEs in software development?

What is the primary purpose of file systems in file management?

What is the focus of semantics in programming languages?

What is the primary purpose of data output in a computer system?

What is the purpose of control structures in programming?

What is the benefit of hands-on projects in data manipulation?

What is the purpose of cross-disciplinary learning in data manipulation?

What is the focus of educational applications in syntax?

What is the primary principle of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

What is the main advantage of modular design in software development?

Which sorting algorithm recursively divides the array into two halves and merges them back together?

What is the purpose of hash tables in searching algorithms?

What is the main advantage of project-based learning in software development education?

Which design principle promotes separating modules to address specific functionalities or aspects of a system?

What is the primary goal of teaching algorithm analysis in software development education?

Which searching algorithm assumes the list is sorted and repeatedly divides the search interval in half?