Computer Hardware Basics

Study Notes

Definition

Computer Hardware: The physical components of a computer system.

Main Components

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- The brain of the computer.
- Executes instructions from software.
- Measured in GHz (gigahertz).
Motherboard
- The main circuit board.
- Connects all components.
- Houses CPU, memory, and expansion slots.
Memory
- RAM (Random Access Memory):
  - Temporary storage for active processes.
  - Volatile memory; data is lost when power is off.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory):
  - Permanent storage.
  - Contains firmware.
Storage Devices
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD):
  - Magnetic storage.
  - Higher capacity, slower than SSD.
- Solid State Drive (SSD):
  - Flash memory storage.
  - Faster than HDD, more durable.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
- Converts electricity from an outlet to usable power for components.
- Provides necessary voltage levels.
Input Devices
- Devices that allow users to interact with the computer.
- Examples: keyboard, mouse, scanner.
Output Devices
- Devices that convey information from the computer to the user.
- Examples: monitor, printer, speakers.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
- Handles rendering of images and videos.
- Important for gaming and graphic design.
Cooling Systems
- Maintain optimal operating temperatures.
- Types: air cooling (fans), liquid cooling.

Additional Components

Network Interface Card (NIC): Connects the computer to a network.
Expansion Cards: Additional functionality (sound cards, additional USB ports).
Case/Chassis: Houses all hardware components.

Types of Computers

Desktops: Stationary, larger components.
Laptops: Portable, integrated components.
Tablets: Touchscreen interface, compact design.
Servers: Powerful systems for managing network resources.

Key Concepts

Compatibility: Components must be compatible with the motherboard and each other (e.g., CPU socket types).
Upgradeability: Ability to replace or add components for better performance.
Performance Metrics: Speed, capacity, and power efficiency are critical for assessing hardware.

Definition

Computer Hardware: Physical components that make up a computer system.

Main Components

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Acts as the brain, executing software instructions, and is measured in GHz (gigahertz).
Motherboard: The primary circuit board that connects and houses CPU, memory, and expansion slots for other components.
Memory:
- RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary, volatile storage for active processes, losing data when power is off.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent storage for firmware.
Storage Devices:
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Uses magnetic storage, offers higher capacity but is slower than SSD.
- Solid State Drive (SSD): Features flash memory storage; it's faster and more durable compared to HDD.
Power Supply Unit (PSU): Transforms electricity from outlets into usable power for computer components, supplying necessary voltage levels.
Input Devices: Allow user interaction with computers; examples include keyboards, mice, and scanners.
Output Devices: Convey information from the computer to the user, including monitors, printers, and speakers.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Responsible for rendering images and videos, crucial for gaming and graphic design.
Cooling Systems: Ensure optimal operating temperatures through air cooling (fans) and liquid cooling systems.

Additional Components

Network Interface Card (NIC): Facilitates network connections for the computer.
Expansion Cards: Provide additional functionalities like sound cards and extra USB ports.
Case/Chassis: Encloses all hardware components, providing protection and organization.

Types of Computers

Desktops: Larger, stationary computers with individual components.
Laptops: Portable computers with integrated components for mobility.
Tablets: Compact devices featuring a touchscreen interface.
Servers: High-performance systems designed for resource management on networks.

Key Concepts

Compatibility: Ensures components work together, particularly regarding CPU socket types and motherboard specifications.
Upgradeability: The potential for replacing or enhancing components to improve computer performance.
Performance Metrics: Critical assessment factors include speed, storage capacity, and power efficiency of hardware components.

Description

Test your knowledge on the essential components of computer hardware, including the CPU, motherboard, and memory. This quiz will cover their functions, measurements, and relationships within a computer system.