Domain I—Foundations of Computer-Based Technology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of compression in multimedia content?

  • To improve image quality
  • To reduce file size (correct)
  • To enhance audio quality
  • To increase file size
  • What is the common format for lossless compression of images?

  • GIF
  • PNG (correct)
  • JPEG
  • MP3
  • What is the popular format for compressed video and audio?

  • AVI
  • WAV
  • MOV
  • MP4 (correct)
  • What is the purpose of file management in multimedia?

    <p>To organize and manage multimedia files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of backup and archiving in multimedia?

    <p>To ensure the safety of multimedia files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hardware optimization in multimedia?

    <p>To ensure sufficient CPU, GPU, and RAM resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interactive learning in multimedia education?

    <p>To encourage students to create their own multimedia projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Graphics Card (GPU) in a multimedia computer system?

    <p>To enhance the performance of video rendering and gaming applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of stylus in multimedia input devices?

    <p>To provide precise input on touchscreens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access?

    <p>Encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common format for lossy compression of audio?

    <p>MP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>To create and manage databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data?

    <p>Internet of Things (IoT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of projector in multimedia output devices?

    <p>To project computer screen images onto a larger surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems?

    <p>Artificial Intelligence (AI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Learning Management System (LMS)?

    <p>To deliver and manage educational courses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system?

    <p>Malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose ofBYOD (Bring Your Own Device)?

    <p>To allow students and employees to use their own devices for learning and work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML?

    <p>CSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a plugin like Flash or Java?

    <p>To handle different multimedia formats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer?

    <p>To perform instructions defined by software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is non-volatile and used to store firmware?

    <p>ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an operating system?

    <p>To manage computer hardware and software resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a LAN and a WAN?

    <p>The geographic area covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a MAC address?

    <p>To assign a unique identifier to a network interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a firewall?

    <p>To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNS?

    <p>To translate domain names into IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an algorithm in the context of programming and development?

    <p>A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of document cameras?

    <p>To project documents or objects in real-time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using interactive whiteboards in education?

    <p>To make lessons more engaging and interactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of scanners?

    <p>To convert physical documents and images into digital format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for using electronic devices in education?

    <p>Integrating devices seamlessly into lesson plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of webcams?

    <p>To capture live video and audio for video conferencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for maintaining electronic devices?

    <p>Regularly updating software and firmware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using tablets and e-readers in education?

    <p>To access educational apps and read digital books</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for using technology in education?

    <p>Implementing security measures to protect student data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of routers in computer networking?

    <p>To connect multiple devices to the internet and manage network traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of access points in computer networking?

    <p>To extend wireless network coverage and ensure reliable Wi-Fi access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of online courses like Coursera, Khan Academy, and Duolingo?

    <p>To learn new skills and languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an Instructional Tool?

    <p>Learning Management Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of project management tools like Asana, Trello, and Jira?

    <p>To track tasks, deadlines, and project progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a CRM software?

    <p>Salesforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of automation in manufacturing and production?

    <p>To enhance production efficiency and precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of smart grids in energy management?

    <p>To monitor and manage energy consumption and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of educational software?

    <p>Khan Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of digital portfolios in assessment and feedback?

    <p>To compile and showcase student work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an accounting software?

    <p>Xero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of email and messaging tools in business?

    <p>To facilitate internal and external communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router in a network?

    <p>To connect multiple networks and direct data between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network that connects devices within a limited geographic area?

    <p>Local Area Network (LAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a switch in a network?

    <p>To connect devices within a single network and use MAC addresses to forward data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi?

    <p>Access Point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS)?

    <p>To manage staff information, payroll, benefits, and performance evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of open-source software?

    <p>It is free to use, modify, and distribute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protocol used for transferring web pages on the internet?

    <p>HTTP/HTTPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of API integration in educational software?

    <p>To allow different software systems to communicate and work together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic?

    <p>Firewall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network that covers a broad area, such as multiple cities, states, or countries?

    <p>Wide Area Network (WAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Library Management Systems?

    <p>To manage library resources and track checkouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between cloud-based and on-premises software?

    <p>Cloud-based software is hosted on remote servers, while on-premises software is installed locally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of DNS in a network?

    <p>To translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network topology in which all devices are connected to a single central cable?

    <p>Bus Topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for evaluating the educational relevance of software?

    <p>Curriculum alignment and content quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Facility Management Software?

    <p>To manage and schedule maintenance, track facility usage, and ensure safety compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protocol used for sending email messages between servers?

    <p>SMTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of encryption?

    <p>To prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Moodle as a Learning Management System (LMS)?

    <p>It is widely used for its flexibility and community support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

    <p>IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for evaluating the usability of software?

    <p>Ease of use, user interface, and accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a subnet?

    <p>To improve network performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of GIMP image editing software?

    <p>To edit and manipulate images and photos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Learning Management System (LMS)?

    <p>To manage course content, assignments, and grading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a MAC address?

    <p>To provide a unique identifier for devices on a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of bandwidth?

    <p>To measure the maximum rate of data transfer across a network path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Student Information System (SIS)?

    <p>To manage student data, including enrollment, attendance, grades, and personal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of latency?

    <p>To measure the delay before a transfer of data begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a packet in networking?

    <p>To contain both the data being sent and the control information for routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Wi-Fi?

    <p>To allow devices to connect to a network using radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of evaluating the performance of a software system?

    <p>To assess the software's speed, reliability, and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of conducting a needs assessment in evaluating technology systems?

    <p>To gather input from teachers, students, and administrators on desired features and functionalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of providing training sessions and resources for teachers and students?

    <p>To enable teachers and students to effectively use the software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using APIs for custom integrations and extended functionality?

    <p>To facilitate the integration of the software with existing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using encryption to protect sensitive data?

    <p>To protect sensitive data during transmission and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of providing feedback mechanisms to students?

    <p>To enhance learning and improve student outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using game-based elements to engage students?

    <p>To motivate and engage students in the learning process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using collaborative tools to facilitate group work and peer reviews?

    <p>To promote collaboration and teamwork among students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting a pilot testing program?

    <p>To test the software in a real classroom or laboratory setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a structured evaluation framework to assess technology systems?

    <p>To assess each criterion and make an informed decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in preparing for hardware installation?

    <p>Ensure the power is off and follow anti-static precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of partitioning and formatting during OS installation?

    <p>To choose or create partitions and install the OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of asset tracking in inventory management?

    <p>To keep track of all technology assets, including hardware, software, and peripherals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs)?

    <p>To guide the appropriate use of technology by students and staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do before installing application software?

    <p>Back up important data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of backup solutions in data management?

    <p>To protect data against loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Device Manager in Windows?

    <p>To manage and configure hardware devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of firewalls in network security?

    <p>To protect the network from unauthorized access and cyber attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in troubleshooting power issues?

    <p>Check the power connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the System Preferences in Mac?

    <p>To configure hardware settings, user accounts, and network settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incident response plan?

    <p>To address security breaches and other emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ipconfig in Windows?

    <p>To check IP settings and diagnose connectivity issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of user accounts in access control?

    <p>To create individual user accounts for students and staff with appropriate access levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting installation, configuration, and troubleshooting steps?

    <p>To have a reference for future issues and to aid in troubleshooting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of labeling in inventory management?

    <p>To label all devices with unique identifiers to simplify tracking and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the Task Manager in Windows?

    <p>To check for system crashes and diagnose issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of encryption in data management?

    <p>To use encryption for sensitive data, both in transit and at rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using system utilities like Disk Management?

    <p>To perform various system maintenance tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of help desk in technical support?

    <p>To provide technical support for hardware and software issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of physical security measures?

    <p>To limit access to computer labs, server rooms, and storage areas to authorized personnel only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of CIPA?

    <p>Protecting students from harmful online content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of COPPA?

    <p>Protecting children's online privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of regular audits of technology resources?

    <p>To identify and address vulnerabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stakeholder engagement in technology initiatives?

    <p>To involve all stakeholders in planning and implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative keyboard device that aids students with physical disabilities?

    <p>BigKeys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a device that replaces the standard mouse, such as a trackball or joystick?

    <p>Mouse alternative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a software that reads text displayed on the screen aloud?

    <p>Screen reader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an AAC device that helps students with speech or communication disorders to communicate?

    <p>Dynavox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a wheelchair-accessible desk that accommodates wheelchairs to ensure comfort and accessibility?

    <p>Adjustable height desk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a software that provides interactive and multisensory learning experiences for students with learning disabilities?

    <p>Read&amp;Write</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adaptive devices like switches and speech recognition software?

    <p>To enable students with severe physical disabilities to interact with computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for ensuring the use of assistive technology in a student's Individualized Education Program (IEP)?

    <p>Outlining specific tools and strategies tailored to the student's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for creating an inclusive classroom environment?

    <p>Ensuring that all digital and physical classroom resources are accessible to students with disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for implementing assistive technology effectively?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for ensuring the continuity of assistive technology support?

    <p>Offering ongoing technical support to address any issues that arise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure that digital and physical classroom resources are accessible to students with disabilities?

    <p>To promote equal access to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of environmental control systems?

    <p>To allow students with mobility issues to independently control aspects of their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of specialized software for learning disabilities?

    <p>To provide tailored educational experiences that cater to individual needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for promoting equitable access to technology resources?

    <p>Ensuring that digital and physical classroom resources are accessible to students with disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adaptive devices like magnifiers and visual aids?

    <p>To assist students with low vision in reading printed and digital materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hardware Components

    • CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer that performs instructions defined by software.
    • RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage that provides space for the computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU quickly.
    • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile memory used to store firmware.
    • Storage Devices: HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and SSD (Solid State Drive) for long-term data storage.
    • Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.
    • Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.

    Software

    • Operating Systems (OS): Software that manages computer hardware and software resources, e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux.
    • Application Software: Programs designed for end-users, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and databases.
    • System Software: Includes the operating system and utility programs that manage computer resources.

    Networking

    • LAN (Local Area Network): A network that connects computers within a limited area.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that covers a broad area, such as multiple buildings or cities.
    • IP Address: A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.
    • MAC Address: A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.
    • Router: A device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
    • Switch: A device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
    • Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

    Internet and Web

    • HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): The foundation of any data exchange on the Web.
    • HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): An extension of HTTP with security capabilities.
    • URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address of a resource on the internet.
    • DNS (Domain Name System): The system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

    Programming and Development

    • Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
    • Programming Languages: Languages used to create software applications, e.g., Python, Java, C++.
    • HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The standard language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.
    • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): A style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML.
    • JavaScript: A programming language commonly used in web development for creating interactive effects within web browsers.

    Cybersecurity

    • Encryption: The process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
    • Malware: Malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system.
    • Phishing: A technique used to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft, usually by means of fraudulent emails.

    Databases

    • Database Management System (DBMS): Software for creating and managing databases.
    • SQL (Structured Query Language): A standard programming language for managing and manipulating databases.
    • Relational Database: A database structured to recognize relations among stored items of information.### Computer Networks
    • A network switch connects multiple Ethernet devices, making them act as a single network segment.
    • Unlike a hub, a switch doesn't broadcast data to all devices, reducing collisions.

    Network Protocols

    • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
      • Ensures reliable data transmission and handles addressing and routing.
    • HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure):
      • Protocols for transferring web pages on the internet, with HTTPS including encryption for security.
    • FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
      • Used for transferring files between computers on a network.
    • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
      • Protocol for sending email messages between servers.

    Network Security

    • Firewall:
      • A security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
    • VPN (Virtual Private Network):
      • Creates a secure connection over a public network, encrypting data transmitted between the user's device and the internet.
    • Encryption:
      • The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

    IP Addressing

    • IPv4:
      • The most common version of IP, using 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.0.1), limited to approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses.
    • IPv6:
      • The newer version of IP, using 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334), providing a virtually unlimited number of unique addresses.
    • Static IP Address:
      • A permanent IP address assigned to a device.
    • Dynamic IP Address:
      • An IP address assigned by a DHCP server that can change over time.

    Wireless Networking

    • Wi-Fi:
      • Wireless technology allowing devices to connect to a network using radio waves.
    • Bluetooth:
      • Short-range wireless technology for connecting personal devices.
    • Cellular Networks:
      • Mobile networks providing internet access and communication through cellular towers.

    Common Networking Terms

    • Bandwidth:
      • The maximum rate of data transfer across a network path, measured in bits per second (bps).
    • Latency:
      • The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction, measured in milliseconds (ms).
    • Packet:
      • A small unit of data transmitted over a network, containing both the data being sent and control information for routing.
    • Subnet:
      • A logical subdivision of an IP network, used to improve network performance and security.
    • MAC Address:
      • A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.

    Software in Educational Settings

    • Learning Management Systems (LMS):
      • Examples: Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle (open source)
      • Purpose: Manage course content, assignments, grading, and communication between teachers and students.
    • Educational Software and Apps:
      • Examples: Khan Academy, Duolingo, Quizlet, Seesaw
      • Purpose: Provide interactive learning experiences, tutorials, quizzes, and educational games to enhance student learning.
    • Office Productivity Suites:
      • Examples: Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), Google Workspace (Docs, Sheets, Slides), LibreOffice (open source)
      • Purpose: Create and manage documents, spreadsheets, and presentations.
    • Collaboration Tools:
      • Examples: Microsoft Teams, Slack, Zoom, Google Meet
      • Purpose: Facilitate communication and collaboration among students and teachers through chat, video conferencing, and file sharing.

    Key Concepts

    • Software Licensing:
      • Proprietary Software: Requires purchase or subscription and has restrictions on usage and modification.
      • Open Source Software: Free to use, modify, and distribute, encouraging community collaboration and transparency.
    • Integration and Compatibility:
      • APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): Allow different software systems to communicate and work together, enhancing functionality and integration.
      • Interoperability: Ensures different systems and software can work together seamlessly, critical for efficient administrative and educational operations.
    • Cloud-Based vs. On-Premises:
      • Cloud-Based Software: Hosted on remote servers and accessed via the internet, offering scalability and remote access.
      • On-Premises Software: Installed and run on local servers within the institution, providing more control over data and security.

    Evaluating Technology Systems and Software

    • Educational Relevance:
      • Curriculum Alignment: Ensure the software or system aligns with educational standards and curriculum goals.
      • Content Quality: Evaluate the accuracy, depth, and relevance of the content provided by the software.
      • Pedagogical Effectiveness: Assess whether the software supports effective teaching methods and learning styles.
    • Usability:
      • Ease of Use: The software should be intuitive and easy to navigate for both students and teachers.
      • User Interface: A clean, organized, and visually appealing interface that enhances user experience.
      • Accessibility: Ensure the software is accessible to all students, including those with disabilities.

    Installation and Configuration of Hardware and Software

    • Hardware Installation:
      • Preparation: Safety precautions, documentation, and physical installation of internal and external components.
    • Software Installation:
      • Preparation: System requirements, backup, and installation process.
    • Configuration of Hardware and Software:
      • BIOS/UEFI settings, device manager, and network configuration.
      • Operating system settings, device configuration, and network settings.

    Troubleshooting Hardware and Software

    • Hardware Troubleshooting:
      • Power issues, boot issues, peripheral problems, and troubleshooting steps.
    • Software Troubleshooting:
      • System crashes, freezes, application errors, and network issues.

    Practical Tips

    • Documentation: Always document steps taken during installation, configuration, and troubleshooting.
    • Backups: Regularly back up important data to avoid data loss during troubleshooting or reinstallation.
    • Tools and Utilities:
      • System utilities, third-party tools, and staying updated with the latest patches and updates.

    Organization of Technology Resources

    • Inventory Management:
      • Asset tracking, labeling, and documentation.
    • Resource Allocation:
      • Needs assessment, distribution, and usage monitoring.
    • Scheduling:
      • Booking systems and maintenance schedules.

    Management of Technology Resources

    • IT Policies and Procedures:
      • Acceptable Use Policies (AUP), BYOD policies, software licensing, and technical support.
    • Technical Support:
      • Help desk, training, and maintenance.
    • Data Management:
      • Backup solutions, data retention policies, cloud storage, and security measures.

    Security of Technology Resources

    • Physical Security:
      • Secure access, surveillance, and limiting access to authorized personnel.
    • Data Security:
      • Encryption, secure protocols, and secure data transmission.### Locking Mechanisms
    • Use locks and cables to secure devices in classrooms and labs.

    Network Security

    • Implement firewalls to protect the network from unauthorized access and cyber attacks.
    • Install and regularly update antivirus and anti-malware software on all devices.
    • Use encryption for sensitive data, both in transit and at rest, to prevent unauthorized access.

    Access Control

    • Create individual user accounts for students and staff with appropriate access levels.
    • Enforce strong password policies and require regular password changes.
    • Implement two-factor authentication (2FA) for accessing sensitive systems and data.

    Incident Response

    • Develop an incident response plan for addressing security breaches and other emergencies.
    • Conduct regular drills to ensure that staff and students are prepared to respond to security incidents.
    • Have procedures in place for investigating security incidents and collecting evidence.

    Compliance

    • Ensure compliance with FERPA, CIPA, and COPPA regarding student data privacy.

    Best Practices

    • Conduct regular audits of technology resources and security measures to identify and address vulnerabilities.
    • Invest in ongoing professional development for IT staff to keep them up-to-date with the latest technologies and security practices.
    • Involve all stakeholders in the planning and implementation of technology initiatives.
    • Establish feedback mechanisms to gather input on technology usage and issues.

    Adaptive Assistive Technology

    Input Devices

    • Alternative keyboards, such as BigKeys and IntelliKeys, aid students with physical disabilities.
    • Mouse alternatives, such as trackballs, joysticks, or head-operated pointers, replace standard mice.
    • Speech recognition software, like Dragon NaturallySpeaking and Windows Speech Recognition, allows voice control.
    • Switches, such as Sip-and-Puff Switch and Button Switches, can be activated by pressing, puffing, or blinking.

    Output Devices

    • Screen readers, like JAWS and NVDA, read text aloud for visually impaired students.
    • Braille displays, such as Refreshable Braille Display, convert text to Braille.
    • Text-to-Speech (TTS) software, like Kurzweil 3000 and NaturalReader, converts written text to spoken words.

    Communication Devices

    • Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, like Dynavox and Tobii Communicator, aid students with speech disorders.
    • Speech Generating Devices (SGDs), such as GoTalk and Proloquo2Go, produce spoken words for non-speaking individuals.

    Mobility Aids

    • Wheelchair-accessible desks and ergonomic furniture, like Adjustable Height Desks and Ergonomic Chairs, provide comfort and accessibility.

    Learning Aids

    • Software, such as Read&Write and Inspiration, supports students with learning disabilities.
    • Visual aids, like ZoomText and Electronic Magnifiers, assist visually impaired students.
    • Hearing aids and assistive listening devices, such as FM Systems and Cochlear Implants, amplify sound or provide alternative access to audio information.

    Environmental Control Systems

    • Smart home devices, like Alexa and Google Home, allow students to control their environment using voice commands or switches.

    Implementing Adaptive Assistive Technology

    • Ensure that assistive technology is included in the student's Individualized Education Program (IEP).
    • Provide training and support for teachers, students, and parents on assistive technology use.
    • Collaborate with specialists to identify the most appropriate technology solutions.
    • Continuously assess the effectiveness of assistive technology and make necessary adjustments.

    Best Practices for Teachers

    • Understand acceptable use policies governing technology use.
    • Manage technology resources and equipment.
    • Integrate technology effectively into curriculum and instructional practices.
    • Engage in professional development opportunities for technology integration.
    • Promote equitable access to technology resources for all students.

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    Description

    Demonstrate a broad and comprehensive understanding of operations and concepts related to computers and technology, including:

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