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Questions and Answers
What type of programming language is characterized by the use of pure functions and immutability?
What is the primary function of the Power Supply in a computer system?
What type of software is responsible for managing computer hardware resources and providing common services to computer programs?
What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
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What type of programming language is an example of a low-level language?
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A computer's RAM is an example of which type of memory?
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Which type of memory retains its contents even when power is turned off?
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What is a characteristic of volatile memory?
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What is a key difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?
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Which type of memory is more economical?
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Study Notes
Computer
Programming
- A set of instructions that a computer can understand and execute
- Written in programming languages, such as:
- High-level languages (e.g., Python, Java, C++)
- Low-level languages (e.g., Assembly, Machine Code)
- Types of programming:
- Procedural (functions, loops, conditional statements)
- Object-Oriented (classes, objects, inheritance)
- Functional (pure functions, immutability)
Hardware
- Physical components of a computer system
- Examples:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): executes instructions
- Memory (RAM): temporary data storage
- Storage Drive (HDD/SSD): permanent data storage
- Input/Output Devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor)
- Power Supply: provides power to components
- Types of hardware:
- Input devices (keyboard, scanner, microphone)
- Output devices (monitor, printer, speaker)
- Storage devices (HDD, SSD, flash drive)
Software
- Programs and operating systems that run on computer hardware
- Types of software:
- System Software (operating system, device drivers)
- Application Software (productivity, games, utilities)
- Programming Languages and Development Tools
- Examples:
- Operating Systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)
- Productivity Software (Microsoft Office, Google Docs)
- Web Browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)
Computer Programming
- A computer program is a set of instructions that a computer can understand and execute.
- Programming languages are used to write these instructions, categorized into:
- High-level languages (e.g., Python, Java, C++)
- Low-level languages (e.g., Assembly, Machine Code)
- There are three main types of programming:
- Procedural programming (uses functions, loops, and conditional statements)
- Object-Oriented programming (uses classes, objects, and inheritance)
- Functional programming (uses pure functions and immutability)
Computer Hardware
- Physical components of a computer system include:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): executes instructions
- Memory (RAM): temporary data storage
- Storage Drive (HDD/SSD): permanent data storage
- Input/Output Devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, monitor)
- Power Supply: provides power to components
- Hardware components can be categorized into:
- Input devices (e.g., keyboard, scanner, microphone)
- Output devices (e.g., monitor, printer, speaker)
- Storage devices (e.g., HDD, SSD, flash drive)
Computer Software
- Software refers to programs and operating systems that run on computer hardware.
- Types of software include:
- System Software (e.g., operating system, device drivers)
- Application Software (e.g., productivity software, games, utilities)
- Programming Languages and Development Tools
- Examples of software include:
- Operating Systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux)
- Productivity Software (e.g., Microsoft Office, Google Docs)
- Web Browsers (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)
Volatile Memory
- Loses data when power is turned off
- Temporarily stores data while the computer is running
- Examples:
- RAM (Random Access Memory)
- Cache Memory
- Characteristics:
- Fast access times
- Low latency
- High storage capacity
- Economical
Non-Volatile Memory
- Retains data even when power is turned off
- Permanently stores data even when the computer is turned off
- Examples:
- ROM (Read-Only Memory)
- EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
- EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
- Flash Memory (e.g., SSDs, USB drives)
- Characteristics:
- Slower access times
- Higher latency
- Lower storage capacity
- More expensive
Key Differences
- Volatile memory loses data when power is off, while non-volatile memory retains data
- Volatile memory is generally faster and more economical, while non-volatile memory is more durable and reliable
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Description
Learn about the basics of computer programming and hardware, including types of programming languages, styles, and physical components.
