Computer Fundamentals Overview
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Computer Fundamentals Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the five basic operations performed by the computer?

Accept data, store data, process data, retrieve data, and produce output.

Define ALU, CU, and CPU.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs arithmetic and logical operations; CU (Control Unit) controls the operations of the CPU; CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer that processes instructions.

The task of performing arithmetic and logical operations is called:

  • Storage
  • Editing
  • Output
  • ALU (correct)

    • The ALU and CU jointly are known as:

    <p>CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of producing results from the data for getting useful information is called:

    <p>Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mouse is an output device.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    OCR stands for Optical Content Reader.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LCD Monitor is used in notebook computers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Speed of DOT Matrix Printer is measured in Characters Per Second.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plotters are used to produce high quality drawings and images, such as construction plans for buildings or blueprints for mechanical objects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operating System (OS) is an Application Software.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High level languages are easier to program than low level language.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Computer language FORTRAN is used to solve scientific and mathematical problems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C is an object-oriented programming language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compiler converts high level languages into machine language.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic types of software?

    <p>System Software and Application Software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three popular operating systems.

    <p>UNIX, Windows, and Linux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a compiler?

    <p>To translate high level language code into machine language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define application software.

    <p>Application software is a set of programs designed to perform specific tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes customized software?

    <p>Customized software is developed to meet the specific requirements of an organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a high level language?

    <p>FORTRAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • Computers process data into meaningful information.
    • Computers perform 5 main functions: accept data, store data, process data, retrieve stored data, print results

    Computer Organisation

    • Computers are organised into 5 main components: Input Unit, Control Unit, Memory, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Output Unit
    • The Control Unit (CU) controls all operations within the computer, -Manages data flow -Determines the start and stop of operations -Decides where to store data
    • The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations -Arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division -Logic operations: comparison
    • The CPU consists of the CU and ALU together.
    • The CPU can be considered the brain of the computer.

    Peripheral Devices

    • Peripheral devices connect to the computer externally to perform specific functions.
    • Categories of peripheral devices: Input devices, Output devices, Other peripherals

    Input Devices

    • Input devices feed data and instructions into the computer.
    • Common input devices include: -Keyboard -Mouse -Light Pen -Optical/Magnetic Scanner -Touch Screen -Microphone -Track Ball

    Output Devices

    • Output devices return processed data (information) to the user.
    • Common output devices include: -Monitor (Visual Display Unit) -Printers -Plotter -Speakers

    Software

    • Software are sets of instructions (programs) that make the computer perform a specific set of tasks in a particular order.
    • Software is classified into 2 main categories: -System Software -Application Software

    System Software

    • System software is responsible for running the computer and managing its resources. -Examples: Operating System, Utilities
    • Operating System (OS) provides user interface, manages hardware devices, and supports application programs. -Examples: UNIX, Windows, Linux

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    Related Documents

    D.E. Lesson1.pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential functions and organization of computers, including the main components of a computer system. It explores the roles of the Central Processing Unit, peripheral devices, and input/output mechanisms. Master the foundational knowledge of how computers process data effectively.

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