Computer Fundamentals by Anita Goel

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Questions and Answers

Which of these are characteristics of a computer?

  • Speed (correct)
  • Accuracy (correct)
  • Versatility (correct)
  • Diligence (correct)
  • Storage Capability (correct)

What is the difference between a digital computer and an analog computer?

A digital computer uses distinct values to represent data internally. Analog computers represent data as a variable across a continuous range of values.

Who is considered the 'Father of the Computer'?

  • Blaise Pascal
  • Charles Babbage (correct)
  • Gottfried Leibniz
  • John Napier

Which generation of computers used transistors?

<p>Second Generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the CPU?

<p>Control the computer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RAM is non-volatile memory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of RAM?

<p>DRAM and SRAM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cache memory and how does it work?

<p>Cache memory is a small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data and instructions. Before reading data from the slower main memory (RAM), the CPU first checks the cache to save time. If the data needed is found in the cache, it's accessed quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are types of expansion slots?

<p>PCI (A), PC Card (B), AGP (C), PCI Express (D), ISA (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floppy disks can store significantly more data than hard disks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a CD-ROM and a DVD-ROM?

<p>A CD-ROM is an optical disk that can only be read and not written on. A DVD-ROM is an optical storage device that can store digital video or computer data. They are similar in shape and physical size, but DVDs can store a larger capacity of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Impact printers are generally faster than non-impact printers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of printer produces the highest quality output?

<p>Laser Printer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three common types of computer monitors?

<p>The three common types of computer monitors are CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), and LED (Light Emitting Diode).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a touch screen work?

<p>A touch screen has sensors that detect the location of a finger or stylus on the screen. When the screen's surface is touched, the sensors register the point of contact, and the controller translates those coordinates into data for the computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sound card?

<p>A sound card in a computer is responsible for converting analog audio signals from a microphone into digital codes that the computer can store and process. It also can convert those digital codes back into analog signals that can be sent to speakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a physical mouse and an optical mouse?

<p>A physical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement, while an optical mouse uses a sensor and light to detect movement on a surface beneath it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A webcam is an example of a video input device.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of optical input devices.

<p>Barcode Reader (B), OMR (C), Scanner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a device driver?

<p>A device driver is a program that allows a computer to communicate with and control a specific type of hardware device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are the three main components of a computer?

<p>Memory unit (B), Input/Output unit (C), CPU (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of bus used in a computer is a significant factor in its overall performance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of system software?

<p>Device Driver (A), System Utilities (C), Operating System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are primary functions of an operating system?

<p>Process Management (A), File Management (B), Device Management (C), Memory Management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a compiler?

<p>A compiler translates high-level programming language code into low-level machine language code, which the computer can directly understand and execute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

<p>A compiler translates the entire program at once into machine code, while an interpreter translates and executes each line of code one at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of application software?

<p>Presentation (A), Spreadsheet (B), Database (C), Word Processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A LAN (Local Area Network) is usually used to connect computers in a smaller geographic area.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are types of network topologies?

<p>Mesh (A), Star (B), Ring (C), Bus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a modem?

<p>A modem is a device that enables a computer to communicate over telephone lines or cable lines by converting digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of internet services?

<p>Email (A), Telnet (B), File Transfer Protocol (C), World Wide Web (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between data, information, and knowledge?

<p>Data refers to raw facts or figures, information is processed and organized data that provides meaning, and knowledge is the understanding and interpretation of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a computer-based information system (CBIS)?

<p>A computer-based information system is a system that uses a combination of computers, software, and databases to manage and process data and information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories of information systems?

<p>Information systems are categorized into three levels: Operational Support System, Management Support System, and Executive Information System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dumb terminal and an intelligent terminal?

<p>A dumb terminal can only input and output data, while an intelligent terminal can also process data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data model organizes data into interrelated entities, attributes, and relationships?

<p>Relational Data Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is database management system?

<p>A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software application that enables users to create, manage, and access a database. It provides tools for defining, manipulating, and controlling data within a database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Database Administrator (DBA)?

<p>A Database Administrator is responsible for managing the database system, including designing, implementing, maintaining, and securing the database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of database languages?

<p>The two main types of database languages are Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Supercomputers are known for their low processing speed and cost-effectiveness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the common applications of multimedia?

<p>Multimedia applications are found in education, entertainment, training, business, and even in virtual reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a virus and a worm?

<p>Viruses require a host program to spread, while worms can replicate independently and spread through networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of Firewall?

<p>Security Awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cryptography in computer security?

<p>Cryptography is used to protect data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. It involves encrypting data using algorithms to make it unreadable without a key. This helps safeguard sensitive information from unauthorized access or modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of cryptography?

<p>The three main types of cryptography are secret-key cryptography, public-key cryptography, and hash functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some general security measures that can be taken to protect a computer system?

<p>Some common security measures include using strong passwords, updating software regularly, installing antimalware software, avoiding suspicious links and downloads, and being aware of social engineering tactics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Windows 7 is the most recent version of the Windows operating system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a computer?

An electronic device used to process data, perform operations, and generate output.

What are digital computers?

Computers that represent data using distinct values like 0s and 1s.

What are analog computers?

Computers that represent data as variable across a continuous range of values.

What type of computers are used everyday?

Computers that we commonly use at homes and offices.

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What is the main speed advantage of computers?

The ability to process data at a very high speed, often millions of instructions per second.

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What is the accuracy of a computer?

The ability to perform calculations with extreme accuracy, even for complex operations.

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What is the diligence of a computer?

The ability to perform tasks consistently without getting tired or fatigued, even for long and repetitive calculations.

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What is the storage capability of computers?

The capability to store vast amounts of data and information for later retrieval.

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What is the versatility of a computer?

The ability to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple calculations to complex analysis, depending on the software used.

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What are Napier's bones?

A mechanical device developed by John Napier in the 17th century for performing calculations.

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What is a slide rule?

A device used for performing calculations by sliding scales.

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What was Pascal's adding and subtraction machine?

A machine designed by Blaise Pascal in the 17th century for adding and subtracting numbers.

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What was Leibniz's multiplication and dividing machine?

A machine developed by Gottfried Leibniz in the 17th century for performing multiplication and division.

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What is the punch card system?

A system using punched cards for storing and processing data, developed in the 19th century.

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What was Babbage's analytical engine?

A mechanical general-purpose computer designed by Charles Babbage in the 19th century.

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What was Hollerith's punched card tabulating machine?

A machine designed by Herman Hollerith in the late 19th century for tabulating data from punch cards.

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What is the first generation of computers?

A period marked by the use of vacuum tubes as the primary electronic component in computers.

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What is the second generation of computers?

A period marked by the use of transistors as the primary electronic component in computers.

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What is the third generation of computers?

A period marked by the use of integrated circuits (ICs) as the primary electronic component in computers.

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What is the fourth generation of computers?

A period marked by the use of microprocessors as the primary electronic component in computers.

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What is the fifth generation of computers?

A period focused on the development of computers using artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced computer technology.

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What are supercomputers?

A powerful computer designed for high-performance computing tasks, used for scientific research and advanced applications.

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What are mainframe computers?

A large computer system designed to process a large volume of data, used by businesses, governments, and research institutions.

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What are minicomputers?

A mid-sized computer system, less powerful than a mainframe, but still capable of handling complex tasks.

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What are microcomputers?

Small, portable computers, often used for personal use, such as browsing the internet, writing documents, and playing games.

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What is a desktop computer or Personal Computer (PC)?

A computer that uses a physical keyboard and display screen for interaction with the user.

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What is a notebook computer or laptop?

A portable computer with a built-in keyboard and display screen, designed for mobility.

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What is a netbook?

A small, lightweight laptop computer optimized for portability and basic tasks.

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What is a tablet computer?

A computer that uses a touch screen as the primary input method for interaction with the user.

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What is a handheld computer or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)?

A small, handheld device used for personal computing, such as communication, organization, and basic tasks.

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What is a smartphone?

A mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities, such as internet browsing, app usage, and media consumption.

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What is computer hardware?

The physical components of a computer system, such as the keyboard, monitor, CPU, hard drive, etc.

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What is computer software?

The instructions and programs that tell the computer what to do, such as operating systems, applications, and software.

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What is data in terms of computers?

The raw facts and figures processed by a computer, which can be numbers, text, images, audio, video, etc.

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Who are users in terms of computers?

The people who interact with the computer to provide inputs, receive outputs, and use computer resources.

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What is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) concept?

A process that involves receiving data, processing it, and then generating output.

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Study Notes

Book Title and Author

  • Computer Fundamentals
  • Anita Goel
  • Published by Pearson
  • Copyright © 2010 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
  • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior written consent.
  • No part of the publication may be reproduced or transmitted without prior written permission of both the copyright owner and publisher.
  • ISBN 978-81-317-3309-7

Brief Contents

  • Unit I: Basics of Computer
    • Introduction to Computer
    • Computer System Hardware
    • Computer Memory
    • Input and Output Devices
    • Data Representation
  • Unit II: User-Computer Interface
    • Interaction of User and Computer
    • Operating System
    • Computer Programming Fundamentals
    • Data Communication and Computer Network
    • The Internet and Internet Services
  • Unit III: Applications and Security
    • Information Systems
    • Fundamentals of Database
    • Multimedia
    • Computer Security
  • Unit IV: Computer Practical
    • Windows XP
    • MS-Word 2007
    • MS-Excel 2007
    • MS-PowerPoint 2007
    • MS-Access 2007
    • Network and Internet Connections
    • Using LaTeX
    • Appendices (A-D)
    • Index

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