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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a recommended item for pre-search activities?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended item for pre-search activities?
Which factor is NOT considered when determining the necessity of a no-knock warrant?
Which factor is NOT considered when determining the necessity of a no-knock warrant?
What type of software is essential for recovering data during forensic analysis?
What type of software is essential for recovering data during forensic analysis?
What situation might require secondary or multiple warrants?
What situation might require secondary or multiple warrants?
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Which piece of equipment is used to ensure electrical safety during forensic investigations?
Which piece of equipment is used to ensure electrical safety during forensic investigations?
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Which element is NOT part of the SMEAC planning process?
Which element is NOT part of the SMEAC planning process?
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What is one reason why finding digital evidence can be expensive?
What is one reason why finding digital evidence can be expensive?
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What type of program is utilized for file cataloging and indexing in computer forensics?
What type of program is utilized for file cataloging and indexing in computer forensics?
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What factor complicates the retrieval of digital evidence?
What factor complicates the retrieval of digital evidence?
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Which item is essential for visual documentation during investigations?
Which item is essential for visual documentation during investigations?
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What role does the Seizure Team play during an operation?
What role does the Seizure Team play during an operation?
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Which of the following is NOT a conventional piece of equipment for a law enforcement tool kit?
Which of the following is NOT a conventional piece of equipment for a law enforcement tool kit?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended activity before conducting a search?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended activity before conducting a search?
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What is necessary to justify the seizure of equipment during a search?
What is necessary to justify the seizure of equipment during a search?
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What must be demonstrated to establish probable cause in a search warrant application?
What must be demonstrated to establish probable cause in a search warrant application?
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What is critical to include when sketching a crime scene?
What is critical to include when sketching a crime scene?
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Which of the following is considered circumstantial evidence?
Which of the following is considered circumstantial evidence?
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Which piece of information is NOT part of the verification of network connections?
Which piece of information is NOT part of the verification of network connections?
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What type of evidence might be overlooked if focusing only on digital aspects?
What type of evidence might be overlooked if focusing only on digital aspects?
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Which of these activities is part of proper on-scene documentation?
Which of these activities is part of proper on-scene documentation?
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Digital evidence is considered to be highly volatile and susceptible to human error.
Digital evidence is considered to be highly volatile and susceptible to human error.
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Investigators at a computer-related crime scene typically only play a single role during the investigation.
Investigators at a computer-related crime scene typically only play a single role during the investigation.
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The steps involved in serving a warrant include knock, notice, and document.
The steps involved in serving a warrant include knock, notice, and document.
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It is essential to analyze only a sample of the potential evidence to make the investigation more manageable.
It is essential to analyze only a sample of the potential evidence to make the investigation more manageable.
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Removing all personnel from the crime scene is not necessary when securing the area.
Removing all personnel from the crime scene is not necessary when securing the area.
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The SMEAC process is relevant to planning for computer investigations.
The SMEAC process is relevant to planning for computer investigations.
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Disabling network access should ideally be performed by someone other than a network administrator.
Disabling network access should ideally be performed by someone other than a network administrator.
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Pre-search activities are not an important part of forensic investigations.
Pre-search activities are not an important part of forensic investigations.
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Documenting the date, time, and description of the computer is important when processing the scene.
Documenting the date, time, and description of the computer is important when processing the scene.
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External specialists are not needed when searching for computers at a crime scene.
External specialists are not needed when searching for computers at a crime scene.
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Existing evidence of a crime must reside in a particular location to justify a search warrant application.
Existing evidence of a crime must reside in a particular location to justify a search warrant application.
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Computer forensics does not require legal counsel in the warrant preparation process.
Computer forensics does not require legal counsel in the warrant preparation process.
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Seizing equipment during an investigation requires justification beyond the search itself.
Seizing equipment during an investigation requires justification beyond the search itself.
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Complexity in finding digital evidence is primarily caused by the simplicity of criminals' tactics.
Complexity in finding digital evidence is primarily caused by the simplicity of criminals' tactics.
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Dumpster-diving is one method employed in pre-search activities to gather potential evidence.
Dumpster-diving is one method employed in pre-search activities to gather potential evidence.
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No-knock warrants are typically used when there is a potential for evidence destruction.
No-knock warrants are typically used when there is a potential for evidence destruction.
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A Seizure Team is the first group to engage in evidence collection during an operation.
A Seizure Team is the first group to engage in evidence collection during an operation.
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Preparing a tool kit for a search is independent of what law enforcement expects to find at the scene.
Preparing a tool kit for a search is independent of what law enforcement expects to find at the scene.
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Secondary warrants may be necessary when multiple types of evidence are involved, such as identity theft and drug trafficking.
Secondary warrants may be necessary when multiple types of evidence are involved, such as identity theft and drug trafficking.
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The SMEAC planning process includes elements like Situation, Mission, and Operations.
The SMEAC planning process includes elements like Situation, Mission, and Operations.
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What is a common issue faced by computer crime investigators due to resource limitations?
What is a common issue faced by computer crime investigators due to resource limitations?
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Which characteristic of digital evidence increases the challenges associated with its preservation?
Which characteristic of digital evidence increases the challenges associated with its preservation?
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Why is it important to analyze all potential evidence instead of just samples during an investigation?
Why is it important to analyze all potential evidence instead of just samples during an investigation?
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What does the SMEAC planning process NOT include as one of its core elements?
What does the SMEAC planning process NOT include as one of its core elements?
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Which statement is true regarding the activities of investigators at a computer-related crime scene?
Which statement is true regarding the activities of investigators at a computer-related crime scene?
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Which item is considered essential for ensuring data can be retrieved in a computer forensic investigation?
Which item is considered essential for ensuring data can be retrieved in a computer forensic investigation?
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What type of software is essential for verifying the integrity of data during forensic analysis?
What type of software is essential for verifying the integrity of data during forensic analysis?
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Which piece of equipment would best aid in performing visual documentation at a crime scene?
Which piece of equipment would best aid in performing visual documentation at a crime scene?
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Which of the following is included in the category of computer-specific materials for pre-search activities?
Which of the following is included in the category of computer-specific materials for pre-search activities?
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Which equipment is necessary for protecting against power surges during a forensic investigation?
Which equipment is necessary for protecting against power surges during a forensic investigation?
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What is a critical consideration when preparing an application for a search warrant?
What is a critical consideration when preparing an application for a search warrant?
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Which factor contributes to the complexity of gathering digital evidence?
Which factor contributes to the complexity of gathering digital evidence?
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What is necessary to justify the seizure of computer equipment during an investigation?
What is necessary to justify the seizure of computer equipment during an investigation?
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What is a potential risk when relying on personnel during a digital evidence investigation?
What is a potential risk when relying on personnel during a digital evidence investigation?
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Which of the following activities is commonly included in pre-search activities for gathering digital evidence?
Which of the following activities is commonly included in pre-search activities for gathering digital evidence?
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What is one of the factors considered when determining the necessity of a no-knock warrant?
What is one of the factors considered when determining the necessity of a no-knock warrant?
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Which personnel role is responsible for securing the crime scene during a search?
Which personnel role is responsible for securing the crime scene during a search?
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Why might secondary or multiple warrants be necessary?
Why might secondary or multiple warrants be necessary?
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Which element is essential when preparing a tool kit for a forensic search?
Which element is essential when preparing a tool kit for a forensic search?
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What does the 'Execution' component of the SMEAC planning process involve?
What does the 'Execution' component of the SMEAC planning process involve?
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Dealing immediately with dangerous individuals is not part of securing the crime scene.
Dealing immediately with dangerous individuals is not part of securing the crime scene.
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The investigative personnel's identifying information should be documented at the crime scene.
The investigative personnel's identifying information should be documented at the crime scene.
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Removing all personnel from the scene is an optional step in securing the area.
Removing all personnel from the scene is an optional step in securing the area.
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Network access should be disabled ideally by a network administrator during an investigation.
Network access should be disabled ideally by a network administrator during an investigation.
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External specialists are typically required for searching only personal computers at a crime scene.
External specialists are typically required for searching only personal computers at a crime scene.
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Multiple boot disks are not considered a crucial item for computer-specific pre-search activities.
Multiple boot disks are not considered a crucial item for computer-specific pre-search activities.
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Anti-virus software must be the most current for effective forensic investigations.
Anti-virus software must be the most current for effective forensic investigations.
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Wiping programs are used to permanently delete all data from evidence storage devices.
Wiping programs are used to permanently delete all data from evidence storage devices.
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Surge protectors are not necessary for forensic investigations as power fluctuations do not affect digital evidence.
Surge protectors are not necessary for forensic investigations as power fluctuations do not affect digital evidence.
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Locking programs are a type of forensic software used to protect evidence from unauthorized access.
Locking programs are a type of forensic software used to protect evidence from unauthorized access.
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Investigators at a computer-related crime scene may have to fulfill multiple roles due to resource limitations.
Investigators at a computer-related crime scene may have to fulfill multiple roles due to resource limitations.
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Digital evidence is known for being stable and resistant to changes from environmental factors.
Digital evidence is known for being stable and resistant to changes from environmental factors.
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The analysis of only a sample of potential evidence is considered adequate during a forensic investigation.
The analysis of only a sample of potential evidence is considered adequate during a forensic investigation.
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SMEAC stands for Situation, Mission, Environment, Analysis, and Control.
SMEAC stands for Situation, Mission, Environment, Analysis, and Control.
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Prior to conducting a search, it is critical to perform pre-search activities to ensure a thorough investigation.
Prior to conducting a search, it is critical to perform pre-search activities to ensure a thorough investigation.
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No-knock warrants are typically used only when the target is present at the scene.
No-knock warrants are typically used only when the target is present at the scene.
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Preparing a tool kit for a search should not depend on what law enforcement expects to find at the scene.
Preparing a tool kit for a search should not depend on what law enforcement expects to find at the scene.
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Secondary or multiple warrants are necessary when different types of crimes may involve overlapping evidence.
Secondary or multiple warrants are necessary when different types of crimes may involve overlapping evidence.
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The SMEAC planning process includes a element concerning Communication while preparing for an operation.
The SMEAC planning process includes a element concerning Communication while preparing for an operation.
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On-scene personnel may play multiple roles during an investigation, including evidence collection.
On-scene personnel may play multiple roles during an investigation, including evidence collection.
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Which factor does NOT typically justify the use of a no-knock warrant in exigent circumstances?
Which factor does NOT typically justify the use of a no-knock warrant in exigent circumstances?
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Which of the following teams is responsible for the physical handling of evidence during an operation?
Which of the following teams is responsible for the physical handling of evidence during an operation?
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In the SMEAC planning process, which element focuses on the strategies for engaging with the situation?
In the SMEAC planning process, which element focuses on the strategies for engaging with the situation?
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What is the primary purpose of using antistatic bags in a forensic toolkit?
What is the primary purpose of using antistatic bags in a forensic toolkit?
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What type of situation would likely require multiple warrants to be issued?
What type of situation would likely require multiple warrants to be issued?
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What is a primary challenge faced by computer crime investigators due to their roles at crime scenes?
What is a primary challenge faced by computer crime investigators due to their roles at crime scenes?
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Which of the following items is crucial for ensuring effective communication during pre-search activities?
Which of the following items is crucial for ensuring effective communication during pre-search activities?
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How does the volatility of digital evidence primarily affect forensic investigations?
How does the volatility of digital evidence primarily affect forensic investigations?
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Why is it critical to analyze all potential evidence during a forensic investigation?
Why is it critical to analyze all potential evidence during a forensic investigation?
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What type of software is vital for the imaging process in computer forensics?
What type of software is vital for the imaging process in computer forensics?
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In the context of SMEAC planning, which element is not explicitly relevant to the planning of computer investigations?
In the context of SMEAC planning, which element is not explicitly relevant to the planning of computer investigations?
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Which equipment is primarily used for indexing and cataloging files during a forensic investigation?
Which equipment is primarily used for indexing and cataloging files during a forensic investigation?
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What role does the investigator's documentation play during the forensic investigation process?
What role does the investigator's documentation play during the forensic investigation process?
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Which of the following is considered essential for maintaining power during a forensic investigation?
Which of the following is considered essential for maintaining power during a forensic investigation?
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What is the primary purpose of using locking programs in forensic software?
What is the primary purpose of using locking programs in forensic software?
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What type of circumstantial evidence might be significant in software counterfeiting cases?
What type of circumstantial evidence might be significant in software counterfeiting cases?
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Which of the following should NOT be included when sketching a crime scene?
Which of the following should NOT be included when sketching a crime scene?
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What is one common aspect to investigate when identifying potential evidence at a cyber crime scene?
What is one common aspect to investigate when identifying potential evidence at a cyber crime scene?
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Which component is important to establish the chain of custody during an investigation?
Which component is important to establish the chain of custody during an investigation?
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Which of the following is critical for ensuring that digital evidence is not contaminated?
Which of the following is critical for ensuring that digital evidence is not contaminated?
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Study Notes
Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime - Chapter 11
-
Learning Objectives:
- Discuss seven personnel categories commonly present at computer crime scenes.
- Understand computer crime investigation tools.
- Understand issues connected to preserving digital evidence.
- Understand the importance of documentation.
- Understand SMEAC and its application to computer investigations.
- Understand investigator activities at computer crime scenes.
Forensic Investigation
- Legal Approach: Finding digital evidence in cybercrime scenes is a legal process.
-
Pre-Search Activities:
- Rely on traditional methods for information gathering before scene arrival.
- Determine the quantity and type of computers at the location.
- Analyze risks that might affect evidence at crime scene.
- Evaluate the evidence's volatility.
- Obtain judicial authority for data collection.
- Identify potential expertise needs outside the agency.
- Employ social engineering techniques.
- Utilize dumpster diving for evidence.
-
Warrant Preparation and Application:
- Review the search warrant application with computer and legal experts before submission.
- Establish probable cause demonstrating a crime occurred at the location.
-
Seizing Equipment:
- Justify seizing all hardware and storage devices with legal justification.
- Recognize that criminal contraband does not need a warrant.
Pre-Search Activities (continued)
-
No-Knock Warrants:
- May be justified in cases of immediate danger, evidence destruction, or the target being unavailable. Factors considered are the offense type, potential for evidence destruction, sophistication of the target, and the absence of the resident.
-
Secondary/Multiple Warrants:
- Might be required for cases involving multiple crimes or interconnected computer systems, especially for off-site locations.
- SMEAC (Situation, Mission, Execution, Avenues of approach and escape, Communications) A structure for planning and conducting a search warrant.
-
On-Scene Personnel:
- Case supervisors
- Arrest teams
- Security teams
- Interview/interrogation teams
- Sketch/photo teams
- Physical search teams
- Seizure teams (last to arrive and bag/tag evidence)
-
Traditional Equipment:
- Evidence tape
- Packing tape
- Evidence storage containers and labels
- Anti-static bags
- Conductive bags
- Faraday bags
- Supplementary Equipment: Various materials like labeling materials, sanitary items, flashlights/batteries, mobile carts, and wireless communications are commonly required.
-
Computer-Specific Equipment:
- Multiple boot disks
- Backup hardware/peripherals
- New hard drives
- Color scanners
- Printers
- Computer paper supplies
- Anti-virus software
- Imaging software
- Application software
-
Forensic Software:
- Viewers
- Hex editors
- Password crackers
- Verification software
- Time/date programs
- Wiping programs
- Locking programs
- File cataloging
- Indexing recovery
- Imaging
- Other forensic software
- Additional Items: Extra cables, serial port connectors, gender changers, extension cords, surge protectors, and open purchase orders.
On-Scene Activities
-
Steps for Serving a Warrant:
- Knock
- Notice
- Documentation
-
Securing the Crime Scene:
- Handling dangerous individuals or safety hazards.
- Localizing and securing computers.
- Removing personnel from the immediate area.
- Investigating network connections.
-
On-scene Activities (Cont.):
- Disabling network access (ideally by a network administrator).
- Protecting computers by police officers.
- Documenting potential evidence (location, time, detailed sketches, damage, personnel).
-
Additional Considerations:
- Photographic/video documentation for evidence integrity.
- Including critical identifiers when documenting the crime scene.
- Not overlooking tangible evidence (trace evidence, hair, fibers, fingerprints).
- Recording circumstantial elements (post-it notes, computer printouts, types of paper, labels, DVD burners).
- Surveying potential evidence sources (desktops, monitors, keyboards, phones, wallets, purses, clothing, trash, recycle bins, printers, components within computers).
-
Seizure and Documentation:
- Follow warrant limitations
- Use ink for all annotations
- Create comprehensive notes
- Copy disk contents to new media.
-
Seizing Computers:
- Document computer status (photos, sketches, notes) before powering off.
- Cover hard-drive openings with tape.
-
Bagging and Tagging:
- Create a chain-of-custody log.
- Label seized items with initials, date, and location.
- Handle and transport equipment with care (consider factors like temperature, oil, dirt, dust, and magnetic fields).
-
Witness Interviewing:
- Inquire about digital evidence collection before law enforcement involvement.
- Gather information about email headers, evidence location and discovery, and handling of evidence.
- Interview witnesses about who controlled the evidence, collection/storage methods, collection locations, equipment types, access to equipment, and ownership
-
Conclusion Summary: Computer-related crimes involve unique challenges requiring specific warrants and careful handling of evidence. Documentation, planning, and trained personnel are crucial for successful investigation. Procedures adapt to evolving technology.
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Description
Explore the crucial aspects of computer forensics and cyber crime investigation in Chapter 11. This quiz will cover personnel categories at crime scenes, tools for investigation, preservation of digital evidence, and the importance of thorough documentation. Equip yourself with knowledge about SMEAC and investigator activities vital for effective computer crime investigations.
